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Á¸ Ç÷¹¹Ö (John Fleming) °úÇÐÀÚ
[Ãâ»ý] 1849³â 11¿ù 29ÀÏ ¿µ±¹, À×±Û·£µå, ·©Ä¿¼Å, ·©Ä¿½ºÅÍ
[Lancashire, Lancaster]
[»ç¸Á] 1945³â 4¿ù 18ÀÏ (95¼¼) ¿µ±¹, À×±Û·£µå, µ¥º», ½Ãµå¸Ó½º
[UK, Devon]
[±¹Àû] ¿µ±¹
[¿µ±¹ ¿©Çà]
[À×±Û·£µå ·©Ä¿½ºÅÍ ¿Õ°¡]
[È°µ¿ºÐ¾ß] °úÇÐ [ÁÖ¿äÀú¼] ¡¶¹«¼±Àü½ÅÀüÈÀÇ ¿ø¸®¡·(1906) [Çз»çÇ×] À¯´Ï¹ö½ÃƼĮ¸®Áö·±´ø(UCL)
[¿µ±¹ UCL ´ëÇÐ]
[°æ·Â»çÇ×] Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ ¹ß°ß 1904 2±Ø Áø°ø°ü ¹ß¸í 1899 ¸¶¸£ÄÚ´Ï ¹«¼±Àü½Åȸ»ç 1881 ~ 1891 ¿¡µð½¼ Àüµîȸ»ç 1885 ~ 1926 ·±´ø´ëÇб³(UCL) ±³¼ö
[¿ä¾à] ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Àü±â°øÇÐÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ÀüÀÚ±âÇÐ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼ Àü·ù ¡¤ÀÚ±âÀå ¡¤µµÃ¼ ¿îµ¿ÀÇ 3¹æÇâ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹ýÄ¢(Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢)À¸·Î À¯¸íÇÏ´Ù. 1883³â ¿¡µð½¼ÀÌ ¿ì¿¬È÷ ¹ß°ßÇÑ ¿¡µð½¼ È¿°ú¿¡¼ ÈùÆ®¸¦ ¾ò¾î ¡®Áøµ¿ ¹ëºê¡¯¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â 2±Ø Áø°ø°üÀ» ¹ß¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀüÀÚ±âÇÐ(ï³í¸Ñ¨ùÊ) ¿¬±¸¿¡¼´Â Àü·ù ¡¤ÀÚ±âÀå ¡¤µµÃ¼(Óôô÷) ¿îµ¿ÀÇ 3¹æÇâ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹ýÄ¢(Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢)À¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ³´Ù. 1881³âºÎÅÍ 10³â µ¿¾È ·±´øÀÇ ¿¡µð½¼ Àüµîȸ»ç, ±×¸®°í ⸳ ÈÄ 25³â µ¿¾È ¸¶¸£ÄÚ´Ï ¹«¼±Àü½Åȸ»çÀÇ °í¹®Á÷À» ¸Ã±âµµ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1883³â ¿¡µð½¼ÀÌ ¿ì¿¬È÷ ¹ß°ßÇÑ ¿¡µð½¼ È¿°ú¿¡¼ ÈùÆ®¸¦ ¾ò¾î ¡®Áøµ¿ ¹ëºê¡¯¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â 2±Ø Áø°ø°ü(ì£Ð¿òØÍöη)À» ¹ß¸íÇÏ¿´°í, ¹«¼±Àü½Å¿ë °ËÆÄÀåÄ¡(Ëþ÷îíûöÇ)·Î½á 1904³â ƯÇ㸦 ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. 1906³â ¹Ì±¹ L.µå Æ÷¸®½ºÆ®µµ 2±Ø°üÀ» ¹ß¸íÇÏ°í ´Ù½Ã 3±Ø°üÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀü½ÃŲ µ¥¼, µÎ »ç¶÷ÀÇ °ü°è ȸ»ç °£¿¡´Â ¾à 10³â¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ƯÇã °æÀïÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Àú¼·Î´Â ¡¶¹«¼±Àü½ÅÀüÈÀÇ ¿ø¸®¡·(1906)°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
[»ý¾Ö] Á¸ ¾Úºê·ÎÁî Ç÷¹¹Ö °æ(Sir John Ambrose Fleming, FRS, 1849³â 11¿ù 29ÀÏ~1945³â 4¿ù 18ÀÏ)Àº ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Àü±â±â¼úÀÚÀÌ¸ç ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ·©Ä¿¼ÅÁÖ ·©Ä¿½ºÅÍ Ãâ»ýÀÌ´Ù.
[¿µ±¹ ·©Ä¿½ºÅÍÀÇ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¸í¼Ò]
[¿µ±¹ University of Central Lancashire]
·±´ø´ëÇÐ Á¹¾÷ ÈÄ, 1885~1926³â ¸ð±³ÀÇ ±³¼ö·Î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢À» °í¾ÈÇÑ °Í°ú 2±ØÁø°ø°üÀÇ ¹ß¸íÀ¸·Î À¯¸íÇÏ´Ù.
[¿µ±¹ ´ëÇÐ Åõ¾î (UCL + ¿¡µç¹ö·¯´ëÇÐ)]
·©Ä¿½ºÅÍ »ýÀ¸·Î ·±´ø ´ëÇб³ À¯´Ï¹ö½ÃƼ Ä®¸®Áö ·±´ø (University College London: UCL)¿¡¼ °øºÎÇÏ¿´´Ù.
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1904³â¿¡´Â 2±Ø Áø°ø°üÀÇ Á¤·ùÀÛ¿ëÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í, 2±Ø Áø°ø°üÀ» óÀ½À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾î³»¾î, 1904³â ´ë¼¾ç Ⱦ´Ü ¶óµð¿À ¼ö½ÅÀ» °³¼±Çϱâ À§ÇØ Marconi ȸ»ç¿¡¼ ÀÏÇϸé¼, 2±Ø Áø°ø°üÀÇ Á¤·ùÀÛ¿ëÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í, FlemingÀº ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¿ÀÌ¿Â Áø°ø°üÀÎ 2Àü±Ø ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå¸¦ ¹ß¸íÇÏ¿© Áø°ø°ü ±â¼ú¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, 11¿ù 16ÀÏ¿¡ ƯÇ㸦 ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Ç÷¹¹Ö ¹ëºê·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡ ¹Ì±¹ ´ë¹ý¿øÀº ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ ¸éÃ¥ Á¶Ç×À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Æ¯Ç㸦 ¹«È¿ÈÇßÀ¸¸ç Ãß°¡·Î ƯÇãÀÇ ±â¼úÀÌ Ãâ¿ø ´ç½Ã ¾Ë·ÁÁø ±â¼úÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ¹ß¸íÀº ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Áø°ø°ü À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ Á¾Á¾ ÀüÀÚ°øÇÐÀÇ ½ÃÃÊ·Î °£ÁֵȴÙ. Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå´Â 50³â ÈÄ¿¡ °íü ÀüÀÚ ±â¼ú·Î ´ëüµÉ ¶§±îÁö ¼ö½Ê³â µ¿¾È ¶óµð¿À ¼ö½Å±â¿Í ·¹ÀÌ´õ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. Ç÷¹¹ÖÀº 1927³â 77¼¼ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ·Î À¯´Ï¹ö½ÃƼ Ä®¸®Áö ·±´ø¿¡¼ ÀºÅðÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü ÇùȸÀÇ µÎ ¹ø° ȸÀåÀ» ¿ªÀÓÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ÅÚ·¹ºñÀüÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úÀÇ Çå½ÅÀûÀÎ ¿ËÈ£ÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾î È°µ¿À» °è¼ÓÇß´Ù. 1929³â¿¡ ±â»ç ÀÛÀ§(Knight Bachelor)¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç 1945³â 4¿ù 18ÀÏ, µ¥º»ÀÇ ½Ãµå¸Ó½º¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÚÅÿ¡¼ 95¼¼¸¦ Àϱâ·Î »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù.
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1928³â 7¿ù 27ÀÏ¿¡ Ç÷¹¹ÖÀº Ä«µðÇÁ »ç¾÷°¡ÀÎ Á¶Áö ÇÁ·©Å©½ºÀÇ µþÀÌÀÚ ºê¸®½ºÅç Ãâ½ÅÀÇ ÀþÀº Àα⠰¡¼ö ¿Ã¸®ºê ¸ÞÀÌ ÇÁ·©Å©½º¿Í °áÈ¥Çß´Ù. [âÁ¶·Ð] Ç÷¹¹ÖÀº Áøȷп¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ±âµ¶±³ âÁ¶·ÐÀÚ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â 1927³âºÎÅÍ 1942³â±îÁö ºòÅ丮¾Æ ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ È¸ÀåÀ̾ú´Ù. [Ä÷º¼Ç] 1945³â Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ ¹Ì¸ÁÀÎÀº Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ µµ¼°ü°ú ³í¹®À» ·±´ø´ëÇб³¿¡ ±âºÎÇß´Ù. ¾à 950°³ Ç׸ñÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ µµ¼°ü¿¡´Â Á¦ÀÓ½º Ŭ·¯Å© ¸Æ½ºÀ£, ¿Ã¸®¹ö ·ÎÁö, Á¦ÀÓ½º µà¾î, ¼ÐÆ÷µå ºñµåÀ£°ú °°Àº Àú¸íÇÑ °úÇÐÀÚ¿Í ¿£Áö´Ï¾îÀÇ ÃÊÆÇÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ ±â·Ï º¸°ü¼Ò´Â 521±Ç°ú »óÀÚ 12°³·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ ¿¬±¸½Ç ³ëÆ®, °ÀÇ ³ëÆ®, ƯÇã »ç¾ç ¹× ¼½ÅÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. [Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ Àú¼] Àü±â ·¥ÇÁ¿Í Àü±â Á¶¸í: ¿µ±¹ ¿Õ¸³ ¿¬±¸¼Ò¿¡¼ ÁøÇàµÈ Àü±â Á¶¸í¿¡ °üÇÑ 4ȸ °ÀÇ (1894³â) 228ÆäÀÌÁö. À̷аú ½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ ±³·ù º¯¾Ð±â "Àü±â°ø" ÀÎ¼â ¹× ÃâÆÇ»ç(1896) ÀÚ¼®°ú Àü·ù E. & FN Spon. (1898) Àü±â ½ÇÇè½Ç ¹× ½ÃÇè½ÇÀ» À§ÇÑ ÇÚµåºÏ "Àü±â°ø" ÀÎ¼â ¹× ÃâÆÇ»ç(1901) ¹°, °ø±â, ¿¡Å׸£ÀÇ Æĵµ¿Í Àܹ°°á ¸Æ¹Ð·±(1902) º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍµéÀÇ Áõ°Å ±âµ¶±³ Áö½Ä Çùȸ: ·±´ø(1904) ÀüÀÚÆÄ Àü½ÅÀÇ ¿ø¸® (1906), Longmans Green, London, 671ÆäÀÌÁö Àüȼ± ¹× Àü½Å¼±¿¡¼ÀÇ Àü·ù ÀüÆÄ (1908) Constable, 316ÂÊ ¹«¼±Àü½Å ¹× ¹«¼±ÀüÈÀÇ ±âÃÊ ¸Å´º¾ó (1911³â), ·Õ¸Ç½º ±×¸°, ·±´ø, 340ÂÊ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿Âµµ¿¡¼ ÀüÈ ÁÖÆļöÀÇ ±³·ù Àü·ù·Î Å×½ºÆ®ÇÒ ¶§ À¯ÀüüÀÇ ¿ª·ü ¹× Àüµµµµ¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© (1912³â) Gresham, 82ÆäÀÌÁö ¹«¼± Àü½ÅÀÇ °æÀ̷οò : ±â¼ú¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº µ¶ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇØ °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íµÊ ±âµ¶±³ Áö½Ä ÁõÁø Çùȸ(1913) ¹«¼± Àü½Å±â»çÀÇ ³ëÆ®, °ø½Ä ¹× °è»êÀÇ Æ÷ÄÏºÏ ¹«¼± ÇÁ·¹½º(1915) ¿ÀüÀÚ ¹ëºê¿Í ¹«¼± Àü½Å ¹× ÀüÈ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼ÀÇ ¹ßÀü (1919³â) Àü±âÀÇ 50³â ¹«¼± ÇÁ·¹½º(1921) ÀüÀÚ, ÀüÆÄ ¹× ¹«¼± ÀüÈ ¹«¼± ÇÁ·¹½º(1923) ¹«¼± Àü½Å ¹× ÀüÈ ±â¼ú ¼Ò°³ Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd. (1924) ¼öÀº ¾ÆÅ© Á¤·ù±â¿Í ¼öÀº Áõ±â ·¥ÇÁ ·±´ø. ÇÇÆ®¸Õ(1925) Àü±â ±³À°ÀÚ(The Electrical Educator)(3±Ç), The New Era Publishing Co Ltd(1927) ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü ÇÁ·¹½º ·±´ø(1928) °úÇÐ »ýÈ°ÀÇ Ãß¾ï Marshall, Morgan & Scott (1934) ÁøÈ·ÐÀΰ¡ âÁ¶·ÐÀΰ¡? (1938) Marshall Morgan°ú Scott, 114ÂÊ – ´ÙÀ©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý´ë ÀÇ°ßÀ» ¿ä¾àÇÔ ¿£Áö´Ï¾î¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¼öÇÐ George Newnes Ltd (1938) ¿£Áö´Ï¾î¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¹°¸®ÇÐ George Newnes Ltd(1941) ---------------------------------- [Gemini AI ´äº¯¿¡ ¿À·ù(hallucination: ȯ°¢ µî)°¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï, ´Ü¼ø Àç¹Ì·Î¸¸ ÂüÁ¶¹Ù¶÷] (from https://gemini.google.com)
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Á¸ Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ °¡Àå ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´ø ¿ª»çÀû Àι°À» Á¤È®È÷ ÆľÇÇϱâ´Â ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ÆíÁö, Àϱâ, ÀÎÅÍºä µîÀ» ÅëÇØ ±×ÀÇ »ý°¢°ú °¨Á¤À» ¿³º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ·á°¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±×ÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû Àι°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±È£µµ¸¦ ¸í½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ±â·ÏÀº ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ ¾÷Àû°ú »ý¾Ö¸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ±×ÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû Àι° ¼±È£µµ¸¦ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ÃßÃøÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 1. °úÇÐ ºÐ¾ß: ¾ÆÀÌÀÛ ´ºÅÏ: Ç÷¹¹ÖÀº °úÇÐÀÚÀÌÀÚ ¹ß¸í°¡¿´À¸¸ç, ƯÈ÷ ¹°¸®ÇÐ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼ Áß¿äÇÑ ¾÷ÀûÀ» ³²°å½À´Ï´Ù. ´ºÅÏ ¿ª½Ã ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÇ ±âÃʸ¦ ¸¶·ÃÇÑ À§´ëÇÑ °úÇÐÀڷμ Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ Á¸°æÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô½À´Ï´Ù. Âû½º ´ÙÀ©: Ç÷¹¹ÖÀº »ý¹°Çп¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½Éµµ ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ©ÀÇ ÁøÈ·ÐÀº ´ç½Ã ȹ±âÀûÀÎ ÀÌ·ÐÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç, Ç÷¹¹Ö¿¡°Ô Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Ë¹öÆ® ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎ: Ç÷¹¹ÖÀº 20¼¼±â ÃÊ ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÇ Çõ½ÅÀ» À̲ö ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ ¾÷Àû¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Á³À» °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÃøµË´Ï´Ù. 2. »ç¾÷ ºÐ¾ß: Á¦ÀÓ½º ¿ÍÆ®: Ç÷¹¹ÖÀº ¼º°øÀûÀÎ »ç¾÷°¡¿´À¸¸ç, ƯÈ÷ Áõ±â ±â°ü ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼ Áß¿äÇÑ ¹ß¸íÀ» Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ÍÆ® ¿ª½Ã Áõ±â ±â°üÀÇ ¹ß¸íÀ¸·Î »ê¾÷ Çõ¸íÀ» À̲ö Àι°·Î¼ Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ Á¸°æÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Øµå·ù Ä«³×±â: Ç÷¹¹ÖÀº ±â¾÷ °æ¿µ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½Éµµ ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Ä«³×±â´Â ¹Ì±¹ ö° »ê¾÷ÀÇ ¹ßÀü¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÑ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ±â¾÷°¡·Î¼ Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ ¸ð¹üÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô½À´Ï´Ù. Ç Æ÷µå: Ç÷¹¹ÖÀº ÀÚµ¿Â÷ »ê¾÷ÀÇ ¹ßÀü¿¡µµ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Á³À» °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÃøµË´Ï´Ù. Æ÷µå´Â ´ë·® »ý»ê ¹æ½ÄÀ» µµÀÔÇÏ¿© ÀÚµ¿Â÷¸¦ ´ëÁßÈÇÑ Àι°·Î¼ Ç÷¹¹Ö¿¡°Ô ¿µ°¨À» ÁÖ¾úÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô½À´Ï´Ù. 3. ¿µ±¹ ¿ª»ç ºÐ¾ß: À©½ºÅÏ Ã³Ä¥: Ç÷¹¹ÖÀº ¿µ±¹ÀÎÀ¸·Î¼ ¿µ±¹ ¿ª»ç¿Í ¹®È¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀںνÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. óĥÀº Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è ´ëÀü ´ç½Ã ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¼ö»óÀ¸·Î¼ ³ªÄ¡ µ¶ÀÏÀ» ¹°¸®Ä£ ¿µ¿õÀ¸·Î¼ Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÇ Á¸°æÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¤¸®ÀÚº£½º 1¼¼: Ç÷¹¹ÖÀº ¿¤¸®ÀÚº£½º 1¼¼ ½Ã´ë¿¡ ž ¼ºÀåÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¤¸®ÀÚº£½º 1¼¼´Â ¿µ±¹ ¿ª»ç»ó °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ ¿©¿Õ Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀ¸·Î Æò°¡¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, Ç÷¹¹Ö¿¡°Ô Á¸°æ¹Þ´Â Àι°À̾úÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô½À´Ï´Ù. Àª¸®¾ö ¼ÎÀͽºÇǾî: Ç÷¹¹ÖÀº ¹®Çп¡µµ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Á³´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ÎÀͽºÇǾî´Â ¿µ±¹ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ±ØÀÛ°¡·Î¼ Ç÷¹¹Ö¿¡°Ô ¿µ°¨À» ÁÖ¾úÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿Ü¿¡µµ Ç÷¹¹ÖÀÌ Á¸°æÇßÀ» ¿ª»çÀû Àι°µéÀº ¸¹À» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
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[¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ÀǽÄÁöµµ ¼öÄ¡ Æò°¡´Â ´Ü¼ø Àç¹Ì·Î¸¸ ÂüÁ¶ ¹Ù¶÷] (from https://gemini.google.com)
Á¤½Å°ú ÀÇ»ç µ¥À̺ñµå ȣŲ½ºÀÇ 'ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ Map of Consciousness' ¿¡¼ 1¿¡¼ 1000±îÁö ¼öÄ¡·Î Æò°¡ÇßÀ»¶§, Àü±â°øÇÐÀÚ Á¸ Ç÷¹¹Ö(1849³â 11¿ù 29ÀÏ~1945³â 4¿ù 18ÀÏ, John Fleming, °úÇÐÀÚ, Àü±â°øÇÐÀÚ, England)ÀÇ ÀǽÄÁöµµ ¼öÄ¡°ªÀº ?
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Sir John Ambrose Fleming
[Born] John Ambrose Fleming 29 November 1849 Lancaster, Lancashire, England, United Kingdom
[Died] 18 April 1945 (aged 95) Sidmouth, Devon, England, United Kingdom [Residence] England [Nationality] British [Alma mater] University College London Royal College of Science [Known for] Fleming's left hand rule Vacuum tube (Fleming valve) [Awards] Hughes Medal (1910) Albert Medal (1921) Faraday Medal (1928) Duddell Medal (1930) IRE Medal of Honor (1933) Franklin Medal (1935) Fellow of the Royal Society[1] Scientific career [Fields] Electrical engineer and physicist [Institutions] University College London University of Nottingham Cambridge University Edison Electric Light Co. Victoria Institute Sir John Ambrose Fleming FRS (29 November 1849 – 18 April 1945), an English electrical engineer and physicist, invented the first thermionic valve or vacuum tube, and also established the left-hand rule for electric motors. He was the eldest of seven children of James Fleming DD (died 1879), a Congregational minister, and his wife Mary Ann, at Lancaster, Lancashire, and baptised on 11 February 1850. A devout Christian, he once preached at St Martin-in-the-Fields in London on evidence for the resurrection. In 1932, he and Douglas Dewar and Bernard Acworth helped establish the Evolution Protest Movement. Childless himself, he bequeathed much of his estate to Christian charities, especially those for the poor. He was a noted photographer, painted water colours, and enjoyed climbing the Alps.
[Lectures] In 1894 and 1917 Ambrose Fleming was invited to deliver the Royal Institution Christmas Lecture on The Work of an Electric Current and Our Useful Servants : Magnetism and Electricity respectively. [Books by Fleming] Electric Lamps and Electric Lighting: A course of four lectures on electric illumination delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain (1894) 228 pages, OCLC 8202914. The Alternate Current Transformer in Theory and Practice "The Electrician" Printing and Publishing Company (1896) Magnets and Electric Currents E. & F. N. Spon. (1898) A Handbook for the Electrical Laboratory and Testing Room "The Electrician" Printing and Publishing Company (1901) Waves and Ripples in Water, Air, and Aether MacMillan (1902). The Evidence of Things Not Seen Christian Knowledge Society: London (1904) The Principles of Electric Wave Telegraphy (1906), Longmans Green, London, 671 pages. The Propagation of Electric Currents in Telephone and Telegraph Conductors (1908) Constable, 316 pages. An Elementary Manual of Radiotelegraphy and Radiotelephony (1911) Longmans Green, London, 340 pages. On the power factor and conductivity of dielectrics when tested with alternating electric currents of telephonic frequency at various temperatures (1912) Gresham, 82 pages, ASIN: B0008CJBIC The Wonders of Wireless Telegraphy : Explained in simple terms for the non-technical reader Society for promoting Christian Knowledge (1913) The Wireless Telegraphist's Pocket Book of Notes, Formulae and Calculations The Wireless Press (1915) The Thermionic Valve and its Development in Radio Telegraphy and Telephony (1919). Fifty Years of Electricity The Wireless Press (1921) Electrons, Electric Waves and Wireless telephony The Wireless Press (1923) Introduction to Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd. (1924) Mercury-arc Rectifiers and Mercury-vapour Lamps London. Pitman (1925) The Electrical Educator (3 volumes), The New Era Publishing Co Ltd (1927) Memories of a Scientific life Marshall, Morgan & Scott (1934) Evolution or Creation? (1938) Marshall Morgan and Scott, 114 pages, ASIN: B00089BL7Y – outlines objections to Darwin. Mathematics for Engineers George Newnes Ltd (1938) (from naver.com µÎ»ê¹é°ú wikipedia.org)
[Map of Consciousness]
Cambridge, Current, Company, influence(+) ~ (PIG: time-variant)
Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C++
(MoC: Map of Consciousness) ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ
MoC(ÀÇ½Ä ¼öÁØ): 500~600
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