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¿À½º¹Ì ¿ä½Ã³ë¸® (ÓÞéêÕÞîð, Ohsumi Yoshinori) ´ëÇб³¼ö, ³ëº§ »ý¸®ÀÇÇлó(2016)
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[»ý¾Ö È°µ¿ ¹× ¾÷Àû µî] ¿À½º¹Ì ¿ä½Ã³ë¸® (ÓÞéê ÕÞîð, ¿À½º¹Ì ¿ä½Ã³ë¸®, 1945³â 2¿ù 9ÀÏ Ãâ»ý)´Â ¼¼Æ÷°¡ ¼¼Æ÷ ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ Æı«ÇÏ°í ÀçÈ°¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤ÀÎ ÀÚ°¡ Æ÷½Ä(autophagy)À» Àü¹®À¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷ »ý¹°ÇÐÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ¿À½º¹Ì ¿ä½Ã³ë¸®´Â µµÄì°ø¾÷´ëÇÐ Çõ½Å¿¬±¸ ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ ±³¼öÀÌ´Ù. ¿À½º¹Ì ¿ä½Ã³ë¸®´Â ÀÚ°¡Æ÷½Ä ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò ¹ß°ßÀ¸·Î 2012³â ±³Åä ±âÃÊ°úÇлó, 2016³â ³ëº§ »ý¸®ÀÇÇлó, 2017³â »ý¸í°úÇÐ Çõ½Å»óÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¿À½º¹Ì ¿ä½Ã³ë¸®´Â 1945³â 2¿ù 9ÀÏ ÈÄÄí¿ÀÄ«¿¡¼ ž´Ù.
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--------------------------------------- [Press Release] 2016-10-03 The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has today decided to award the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Yoshinori Ohsumi for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy [Summary] This year's Nobel Laureate discovered and elucidated mechanisms underlying autophagy, a fundamental process for degrading and recycling cellular components. The word autophagy originates from the Greek words auto-, meaning "self", and phagein, meaning "to eat". Thus,autophagy denotes "self eating". This concept emerged during the 1960's, when researchers first observed that the cell could destroy its own contents by enclosing it in membranes, forming sack-like vesicles that were transported to a recycling compartment, called the lysosome, for degradation. Difficulties in studying the phenomenon meant that little was known until, in a series of brilliant experiments in the early 1990's, Yoshinori Ohsumi used baker's yeast to identify genes essential for autophagy. He then went on to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for autophagy in yeast and showed that similar sophisticated machinery is used in our cells. Ohsumi's discoveries led to a new paradigm in our understanding of how the cell recycles its content. His discoveries opened the path to understanding the fundamental importance of autophagy in many physiological processes, such as in the adaptation to starvation or response to infection. Mutations in autophagy genes can cause disease, and the autophagic process is involved in several conditions including cancer and neurological disease.
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Yoshinori Ohsumi (ÓÞéê ÕÞîð)
(born February 9, 1945) is a Japanese cell biologist specializing in autophagy, is a professor in Tokyo Institute of Technology 's Frontier Research Center. He received the Kyoto Prize for Basic Science in 2012. On October 3, 2016, Yoshinori Ohsumi was declared as the recipient of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy. [Biography] Ohsumi was born February 9, 1945 in Fukuoka, Japan. He received a B.Sci. in 1967 and a D.Sci. in 1974, both from Tokyo University; from 1974-77 he was a postdoctoral fellow at the Rockefeller University in New York City. He returned to The University of Tokyo in 1977 as a Research Associate; he was appointed Lecturer there in 1986, and promoted to Associate Professor in 1988. In 1996 he moved to the National Institute for Basic Biology in Okazaki City, Japan. where he was appointed Professor. From 2004 to 2009 he was also professor at the Graduate University for Advanced Studies in Hayama, Japan. In 2009 he transitioned to a three- way appointment as Emeritus Professor at the National Institute for Basic Biology and at the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, and a Professorship at the University of Tokyo. [Awards] Fujihara Award, Fujihara Foundation of Science (2005) Japan Academy Prize, Japan Academy (2006) Asahi Prize, Asahi Shimbun (2009) Kyoto Prize for Basic Science (2012) Gairdner Foundation International Award (2015) International Prize for Biology (2015) Keio Medical Science Prize (2015) Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences (2016) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2016) [Publications] Mizushima, N; Noda, T; Yoshimori, T; Tanaka, Y; Ishii, T; George, MD; Klionsky, DJ; Ohsumi, M; Ohsumi, Y (24 September 1998). "A protein conjugation system essential for autophagy.". Nature. 395 (6700): 395–8. PMID 9759731. Kabeya, Y.; Mizushima, N.; Ueno, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Kirisako, T.; Noda, T.; Kominami, E.; Ohsumi, Y.; Yoshimori, T. (2000). "LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing". The EMBO Journal. 19 (21): 5720–5728. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.21.5720. PMC 305793free to read. PMID 11060023. Kuma, A; Hatano, M; Matsui, M; Yamamoto, A; Nakaya, H; Yoshimori, T; Ohsumi, Y; Tokuhisa, T; Mizushima, N (23 December 2004). "The role of autophagy during the early neonatal starvation period.". Nature. 432 (7020): 1032–6. PMID 15525940. Ohsumi, Y (March 2001). "Molecular dissection of autophagy: two ubiquitin-like systems.". Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology. 2 (3): 211–6. PMID 11265251. Ichimura, Y; Kirisako, T; Takao, T; Satomi, Y; Shimonishi, Y; Ishihara, N; Mizushima, N; Tanida, I; Kominami, E; Ohsumi, M; Noda, T; Ohsumi, Y (23 November 2000). "A ubiquitin- like system mediates protein lipidation.". Nature. 408 (6811): 488–92. PMID 11100732. (from naver.com wikipedia.org)
Cellular Components, Concept, influence(+) ~ (PIG: time-variant)
Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C+
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