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[ºÐ¾ß] ÀÎÁö°úÇÐ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ °úÇÐ ÀΰøÁö´É ½É¸®Ã¶ÇÐ [¼Ò¼Ó] ¸Þ»çÃß¼¼Ã÷ °ø°ú´ëÇб³ (MIT)
[Ãâ½Å ´ëÇÐ] Çʸ³½º ¾ÆÄ«µ¥¹Ì ÇϹöµå ´ëÇб³ (B.A., 1950) ÇÁ¸°½ºÅÏ ´ëÇб³ (Ph.D., 1954) [ÁÖ¿ä ¾÷Àû] ÀΰøÁö´É °øÃÊÁ¡ ·¹ÀÌÀú ÁÖ»ç Çö¹Ì°æ ¾µ¸ð¾ø´Â ±â°è(Useless machine) Æ®¶óÀ̵¦½º ¹ÂÁî(Triadex Muse) Æ®·£½ºÈÞ¸Ó´ÏÁò Perceptrons(µµ¼) Society of Mind (µµ¼)
The Emotion Machine (µµ¼) ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ (ÀΰøÁö´É)
[¼ö»ó] Æ©¸µ»ó (1969) ÀϺ»±¹Á¦»ó (Japan Prize, 1990) IJCAI ¿ì¼ö ¿¬±¸ »ó (1991) ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ¿¬±¸¼Ò »ó (2001) ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¿ª»ç¹Ú¹°°ü Æç·Î¿ì (2006) BBVA Àç´Ü Áö½Ä ÇÁ·ÐƼ¾î »ó (2013)
[¿ä¾à] ¸¶ºó ¸® ¹Î½ºÅ°(Marvin Lee Minsky, 1927³â 8¿ù 9ÀÏ ~ 2016³â 1¿ù 24ÀÏ)´Â ÀΰøÁö´É(AI) ºÐ¾ß¸¦ °³Ã´ÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ °úÇÐÀÚÀÌ´Ù.
MITÀÇ ÀΰøÁö´É ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ °øµ¿ ¼³¸³ÀÚÀ̸ç, AI¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ Ã¥µéÀ» Àú¼úÇß´Ù.
´º¿å¿¡¼ ž ºê·ÕÅ©½º °úÇÐ °íµîÇб³¸¦ ³ª¿Ô´Ù. ¸Å»çÃß¼¼Ã÷ ÁÖÀÇ Çʸ³½º ¾ÆÄ«µ¥¹Ì¸¦ ´Ù³æ°í, 1944³âºÎÅÍ 1945³â±îÁö ¹Ì±¹ ÇرºÀ¸·Î º¹¹«Çß´Ù. 1950³â ÇϹöµå ´ëÇб³¿¡¼ ¼öÇÐ ÇлçÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹Þ°í, 1954³â¿¡ ÇÁ¸°½ºÅÏ ´ëÇб³¿¡¼ ¼öÇÐ ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. 1958³âºÎÅÍ MIT ±³¼öÁ÷À¸·Î ÀçÁ÷Çß´Ù.
1953³â¿¡ °øÃÊÁ¡ ·¹ÀÌÀú ÁÖ»ç Çö¹Ì°æ¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» °³¹ßÇØ ³Â´Ù. 1970³â¿¡ Æ©¸µ»ó, 1990³â¿¡ ÀϺ»±¹Á¦»ó, 2001³â º¥ÀڹΠÇ÷©Å¬¸° ¸Þ´ÞÀ» ºñ·ÔÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ »óÀ» ¼ö»óÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ì±¹ ±¹¸³ °øÇÐ Çмú¿ø(National Academy of Engineering)°ú ±¹¸³ °úÇÐ Çмú¿ø(National Academy of Sciences)ÀÇ È¸¿øÀÌ´Ù.
[ÁÖ¿äÈ°µ¿] ÀΰøÁö´É, ÀÎÁö°úÇÐ, ¼öÇÐ , Àü»ê¾ð¾îÇÐ, ·Îº¿, ±¤Çп¡ ¸¹Àº °øÇåÀ» Çß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, »ó½Ä Ãß·ÐÀ» ÇÏ´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» ±â°è¿¡ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ÁÖ·ÂÇØ¿Ô´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ Áö´É ±¸Á¶¿Í ±â´É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ °³³äÀº ¸¶À½ÀÇ Á¶Á÷ ¿¡ Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ¸Å»çÃß¼¼Ã÷ °ø°ú´ëÇб³(MIT)¿¡¼ °ÀÇÇÏ´Â ÁÖÁ¦À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ ÇϹöµå´ë ¼öÇаú¸¦ Á¹¾÷ÇÏ°í ÇÁ¸°½ºÅÏ´ë¿¡¼ ¼öÇÐÀ¸·Î ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹ÞÀº ±×´Â 1951³â ¹Ú»ç°úÁ¤ ¿¬±¸¿øÀ¸·Î ÇÔ²² ÀÖ¾ú´ø µò ¿¡µå¸óÁî¿Í ÇÔ²² ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ÇнÀÇÏ´Â ±â°è È®·ü½Å°æ ¾Æ³¯·Î±× º¸°°è»ê±â(SNARC)¸¦ °³¹ßÇß´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ, Àΰ£°ú ±â°èÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇϸç ÀΰøÁö´É ¿¬±¸¿¡ Á¢¾îµé¾ú´Ù. 1958³â ¸Å»çÃß¼¼Ã÷ °ø°ú´ëÇб³ ±³¼ö·Î ºÎÀÓÇÑ ¹Î½ºÅ° ±³¼ö´Â À̵ëÇØ ¸ÆÄ«½Ã¿Í ÇÔ²² Áö±ÝÀÇ ¡®ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°úÇÐ ¹× ÀΰøÁö´É ¿¬±¸½Ç(CSAIL)¡¯·Î ¹ßÀüÇÑ ÀΰøÁö´É ¿¬±¸½ÇÀ» ¼³¸³ÇÏ¸é¼ 'ÀΰøÁö´É ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®'¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. Ãʱ⿡´Â ÃË°¢À» ´À³¢°Å³ª ¹°°ÇÀ» µé¾î¿Ã¸®´Â ·Îº¿ ÆÈ, ·Îº¿ÀÇ ´« ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â ½Ã°¢ ½ºÄ³³Ê µîÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ¸é¼ ±â°è°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô Àΰ£ÀÇ °¨°¢°ú ÀÎÁö´É·Â, Áö´ÉÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿¬±¸Çß´Ù. ÇöÀç °¡»óÇö½Ç ±â±â¿¡ È°¿ëµÇ´Â ¸Ó¸®¿¡ ¾²´Â Çìµå¸¶¿îÆ® µð½ºÇ÷¹ÀÌ(HMD)µµ À̶§ ¹ß¸íµÆ´Ù. ¹Î½ºÅ°ÀÇ ÃµÀ缺Àº ´Ù¾çÇÑ Çй® ºÐ¾ß¸¦ ¾Æ¿ï·¶´Ù. ±×´Â 1956³â, Áö±Ýµµ »ý¹°ÇÐ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼ ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °øÃÊÁ¡ Çö¹Ì°æÀ» ÃÖÃÊ·Î ¹ß¸íÇß´Ù. ÃË°¢¼¾¼¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ±â°è¼Õ, ±â°èÆÈ µî ·Îº¿ ÀåÄ¡¸¦ °³¹ßÇØ Çö´ë ·Îº¿°øÇÐÀ» ÇÑ ´Ü°è ÁøÀü½ÃÄ×À¸¸ç, ´Ù¸¥ ¹ß¸íÇ°À¸·Î´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ À½¾ÇÀÇ Á¶ÇÕ°ú º¯ÁÖ°¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ ½ÃÄö¼ ±â¹ÝÀÇ ½Å½Ã»çÀÌÀú Æ®¶óÀ̵¦½º ¹ÂÁî(1972) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. 1960³â´ë ÈĹݿ¡´Â ´ç½Ã µ¿·á ±³¼ö¿´´ø ½Ã¸ð¾î ÆÐÆÛÆ®¿Í ÇÔ²² ³ú ½Å°æ¸ÁÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ¸ð¹æÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÎ Àΰø½Å°æ¸Á ÆÛ¼ÁÆ®·Ð(perceptron)ÀÇ ÇѰ踦 ¹àÇû´Ù. ÆÛ¼ÁÆ®·ÐÀº ÀÔ·ÂµÈ ÆÐÅÏÀ» Çѹø¿¡ Çϳª¾¿ ºñ±³ÇÏ¸é¼ ¿øÇÏ´Â Ãâ·Â°ªÀÌ ³ª¿Ã ¶§±îÁö °¡ÁßÄ¡¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ¸é¼ ÇнÀÇÏ´Â °³³äÀÌ´Ù. ±×°¡ ³²±ä °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ ¾÷ÀûÀº 1974³â ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀÎ ÁöÀû È°µ¿ÀÇ ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ¿öÅ© (A Framework for Representing Knowledge)ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ Áö½ÄÀ» ÇÁ·¹ÀÓÀ̶ó´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ±¸Á¶·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ¾ð¾î ÀÌÇØ, ÆÐÅÏ ÀνÄ, ¹®Á¦ ÇØ°á µî°ú °°Àº ÁöÀû È°µ¿À» ¿ÜºÎ·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÔ·ÂµÈ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿Í ³»ºÎ ÇÁ·¹ÀÓÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î º¸´Â ¿¬±¸ ¹æ½ÄÀÌ´Ù. ½É¸®Çп¡¼ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´ø ¿¬±¸ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÀΰøÁö´É¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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[°áÈ¥ »ýÈ° ¹× »ç¸Á] 1952³â ¹Î½ºÅ°´Â ¼Ò¾Æ°ú ÀÇ»ç ±Û·Î¸®¾Æ ·çµð½¬(Gloria Rudisch)¿Í °áÈ¥Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÇÔ²² ¼¼ Àڳฦ µÎ¾ú´Ù. ¹Î½ºÅ°´Â Àç´É ÀÖ´Â ÁïÈï ¿¬ÁÖ ÇǾƴϽºÆ®¿´À¸¸ç À½¾Ç°ú ½É¸®ÇÐÀÇ °ü°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °íÂûÀ» ÃâÆÇÇß´Ù. 2016³â 1¿ù 24ÀÏ Minsky´Â 88¼¼ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ ³úÃâÇ÷·Î »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù.
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Marvin Lee Minsky
[Born] Marvin Lee Minsky August 9, 1927 New York City, New York, U.S. [Died] January 24, 2016 (aged 88) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. [Nationality] American [Fields] Cognitive science Computer science Artificial intelligence Philosophy of mind [Institutions] Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
[Alma mater] Phillips Academy Harvard University (B.A., 1950) Princeton University (Ph.D., 1954) Marvin Lee Minsky (August 9, 1927 – January 24, 2016) was an American cognitive scientist in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), co-founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory, and author of several texts on AI and philosophy. [Biography] Marvin Lee Minsky was born to an eye surgeon father, Henry, and to a Jewish mother, Fannie, who was an activist in Zionist affairs, in New York City, where he attended The Fieldstone School and the Bronx High School of Science. He later attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. He then served in the US Navy from 1944 to 1945. He held a BA in mathematics from Harvard (1950) and a PhD in mathematics from Princeton (1954). He was on the MIT faculty from 1958 to his death. In 1959 he and John McCarthy founded what is now known as the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. He was the Toshiba Professor of Media Arts and Sciences, and professor of electrical engineering and computer science.
[Contributions in computer science] Minsky's inventions include the first head- mounted graphical display (1963) and the confocal microscope (1957, a predecessor to today's widely used confocal laser scanning microscope). He developed, with Seymour Papert, the first Logo "turtle". Minsky also built, in 1951, the first randomly wired neural network learning machine, SNARC. Minsky wrote the book Perceptrons (with Seymour Papert), which became the foundational work in the analysis of artificial neural networks. This book is the center of a controversy in the history of AI, as some claim it to have had great importance in driving research away from neural networks in the 1970s, and contributing to the so-called AI winter. He also founded several other famous AI models. His book "A framework for representing knowledge" created a new paradigm in programming. While his Perceptrons is now more a historical than practical book, the theory of frames is in wide use. Minsky has also written on the possibility that extraterrestrial life may think like humans, permitting communication. He was an adviser on Stanley Kubrick's film 2001: A Space Odyssey; one of the film's characters, Victor Kaminski, was named in Minsky's honor and Minsky himself is mentioned in the movie and in Arthur C. Clarke's tie-in novel: Probably no one would ever know this; it did not matter. In the 1980s, Minsky and Good had shown how neural networks could be generated automatically—self replicated—in accordance with any arbitrary learning program. Artificial brains could be grown by a process strikingly analogous to the development of a human brain. In any given case, the precise details would never be known, and even if they were, they would be millions of times too complex for human understanding. In the early 1970s, at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab, Minsky and Papert started developing what came to be called the Society of Mind theory. The theory attempts to explain how what we call intelligence could be a product of the interaction of non- intelligent parts. Minsky says that the biggest source of ideas about the theory came from his work in trying to create a machine that uses a robotic arm, a video camera, and a computer to build with children's blocks. In 1986, Minsky published The Society of Mind, a comprehensive book on the theory which, unlike most of his previously published work, was written for a general audience. In November 2006, Minsky published The Emotion Machine, a book that critiques many popular theories of how human minds work and suggests alternative theories, often replacing simple ideas with more complex ones. Recent drafts of the book are freely available from his webpage. [Personal life and death] In 1952, Minsky married pediatrician Dr. Gloria Rudisch; together they had three children. Minsky was a talented improvisational pianist who published musings on the connections between music and psychology.
[Opinions] Minsky was an atheis and a signatory to the Scientists' Open Letter on Cryonics. He was a critic of the Loebner Prize. Minsky believed that there is no fundamental difference between humans and machines, and that humans are machines whose "intelligence" emerges from the interplay of the many unintelligent but semi- autonomous agents that make up the brain. He has stated that "somewhere down the line, some computers will become more intelligent than most people," but that it's very hard to predict how fast progress will be. He has cautioned that an artificial super-intelligence designed to solve an innocuous mathematical problem might decide to take over all of Earth's resources to build supercomputers to help achieve its goal, but believed that such negative scenarios are "hard to take seriously" because he was confident AI would go through "a lot of testing" before being deployed. [Death] Minsky died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 88. Ray Kurzweil says he was contacted by the cryonics organization Alcor Life Extension Foundation seeking Minsky's body. Kurzweil believes that Minsky was cryonically preserved by Alcor and will be revived by 2045. Minsky was a member of Alcor's Scientific Advisory Board. In keeping with their policy of protecting privacy, Alcor will neither confirm nor deny that Alcor has cryonically preserved Minsky. [Bibliography (selected)] 1967 – Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines, Prentice-Hall 1986 – The Society of Mind 2006 – The Emotion Machine: Commonsense Thinking, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of the Human Mind [Awards and affiliations] Minsky won the Turing Award (the greatest distinction in computer science) during 1969, the Japan Prize during 1990, the IJCAI Award for Research Excellence for 1991, and the Benjamin Franklin Medal from the Franklin Institute for 2001. During 2006, he was inducted as a Fellow of the Computer History Museum "for co-founding the field of artificial intelligence, creating early neural networks and robots, and developing theories of human and machine cognition." During 2011, Minsky was inducted into IEEE Intelligent Systems' AI's Hall of Fame for the "significant contributions to the field of AI and intelligent systems". During 2014, Minsky won the Dan David Prize for "Artificial Intelligence, the Digital Mind". He was also awarded with the 2013 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Information and Communication Technologies category. Minsky was affiliated with the following organizations: United States National Academy of Engineering United States National Academy of Sciences Extropy Institute's Council of Advisors Alcor Life Extension Foundation's Scientific Advisory Board kynamatrix Research Network's Board of Directors (from naver.com wikipedia.org, Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó, ** Selected & Recommended Youtube Videos are shown. **)
Brain, Computer, Clone, Cognitive, Influence(++) ~ (PIG: time-variant)
Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C++
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