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Ä® ¾ß½ºÆÛ½º (Karl Theodor Jaspers), öÇÐÀÚ
[Ãâ»ý] 1883³â 2¿ù 23ÀÏ µ¶ÀÏ ¿Ãµ§ºÎ¸£Å©
[µ¶ÀÏ ¿Ãµ§ºÎ¸£Å©]
[»ç¸Á] 1969³â 2¿ù 26ÀÏ (86¼¼) ½ºÀ§½º ¹ÙÁ©
[½ºÀ§½º ¹ÙÁ© Basel]
[25ºÐ Youtube µ¿¿µ»ó]
[½Ã´ë] 20¼¼±â [Áö¿ª] ¼¾ç öÇÐ [ÇÐÆÄ] ½ÇÁ¸ÁÖÀÇ¡¤½ÅÄÆ®ÇÐÆÄ [¿¬±¸ ºÐ¾ß] Á¤½ÅÀÇÇС¤½ÅÇС¤¿ª»çöÇÐ [ÁÖ¿ä ¾÷Àû] ±âÃà ½Ã´ë, ½ÇÁ¸ÁÖÀÇ, Á¸Àç¿Í ½Ã°£ [Çз»çÇ×] ÇÏÀ̵¨º£¸£Å©´ëÇб³ ÀÇÇÐ ±«ÆðմëÇб³ ÀÇÇÐ ¹ÀÇî´ëÇб³ ¹ý·ü ÇÏÀ̵¨º£¸£Å©´ëÇб³ ¹ý·ü
[°æ·Â»çÇ×] 1948 ½ºÀ§½º ¹ÙÁ©´ëÇб³ ±³¼ö 1921 µ¶ÀÏ ÇÏÀ̵¨º£¸£Å©´ëÇб³ öÇаú ±³¼ö 1916 µ¶ÀÏ ÇÏÀ̵¨º£¸£Å©´ëÇб³ ½É¸®Çаú ±³¼ö 1910 µ¶ÀÏ ÇÏÀ̵¨º£¸£Å©´ëÇб³ ½É¸®Çаú Á¶±³
[¿ä¾à] µ¶ÀÏÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ. ±×ÀÇ ÃÖ´ëÀÇ Àú¼ÀÎ ¡¶Ã¶ÇС·(3±Ç)À» Æì³» ¡®½ÇÁ¸Ã¶ÇС¯À» ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î Àü°³ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¼±¸»çȸ°¡ Á¦±âÇÏ´Â ±â°è¹®¸í, ´ëÁß»çȸÀû »çȸ, Á¤Ä¡»óȲ, ƯÈ÷ Á¦1Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü ÈÄÀÇ °¡Ä¡ÀüȯÀûÀÎ »ç»óÀû À§±â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±íÀº ¼ºÂûÀÌ ±âÁ¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç¾ú´Ù.
Ä«¸¦ ¾ß½ºÆÛ½º(Karl Jaspers, 1883³â 2¿ù 23ÀÏ ~ 1969³â 2¿ù 26ÀÏ)´Â µ¶ÀÏÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÀ̵¥°Å¿Í ÇÔ²² µ¶ÀÏ ½ÇÁ¸Ã¶ÇÐÀ» â½ÃÇß´Ù. [Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó]
ÄÆ®, ´Ïü, Å°¿¡¸£ÄÉ°í¸£ µîÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, Çö´ë ¹®¸í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° Àΰ£ º»·¡ÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ÁöÇâÇß´Ù. [»î] ¿Ãµ§ºÎ¸£Å©¿¡¼ ž óÀ½¿¡´Â ¹ýÇÐÀ» ¹è¿üÀ¸³ª ÀÇÇÐÀ¸·Î ¿Å°å´Ù°¡ Á¤½ÅºÐ¼®ÇÐ, ½É¸®ÇÐÀ» °ÅÃļ öÇÐÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
1913³â¿¡ ÇÏÀ̵¨º£¸£Å© ´ëÇп¡¼ ½É¸®ÇÐ ±³¼ö ÀÚ°ÝÀ» ȹµæÇÏ°í 1921³â¿¡ öÇÐ Á¤±³¼ö°¡ µÇ¾úÀ¸³ª ³ªÄ¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ 1938³â¿¡ ±³¼öÁ÷¿¡¼ Ãß¹æµÇ¾ú°í 1945³â ÀÌÈÄ º¹Á÷µÇ¾î ´ëÇÐÀÇ ºÎÈïÀ» À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇß´Ù. 1948³â¿¡´Â ½ºÀ§½ºÀÇ ¹ÙÁ© ´ëÇÐÀ¸·Î ¿Å°Ü°¬°í, 1961³â Á¤³âÅðÁ÷À» ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡µµ ±×°÷¿¡ ¸Ó¹°·¯ ÀÖ´Ù°¡ º´»çÇß´Ù.
¡¶Á¤½Åº´¸®ÇÐÃѷС·(1913)¿¡¼´Â µôŸÀÌ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ßÀüµÈ 'ÀÌÇØ'ÀÇ °³³äÀ» Á¤½Åº´¸®Çп¡ µµÀÔÇÏ¿©, Á¤½Å»ýÈ°¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ³»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇصǾî¾ß ÇÒ °Í°ú ´Ü¼øÇÑ °úÇÐÀû ÀΰúÀ²¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÇظíµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ³¯Ä«·Ó°Ô ±¸º°ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡¶¼¼°è°üÀÇ ½É¸®ÇС·(1919)Àº Àΰ£ÀÌ Á×À½¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÑ »óȲÀ» ºñ±³ °íÂû ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¼´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ¡®ÇÑ°è»óȲ(ùÚÍ£ßÒüÏ)¡¯ÀÇ »ç»óÀÌ ½ÏÅͼ ¹ßÀüÀ» º¸ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Á×À½, °í³ú, ¿ì¿¬, ÁËÃ¥(ñªô¡), ÅõÀï µî Àΰ£ÀÌ È¸ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â, °Å²Ù·Î ÀÌ°Í¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ÀÚ±âÀÇ ½ÇÁ¸ ¾Õ¿¡ ¸¶ÁÖ ¼°Ô µÇ´Â ±Ã±ØÀû »óȲÀÌ ÇظíµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àǹ̿¡¼ ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ±Ù´ë ½ÇÁ¸Ã¶ÇÐÀÇ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¼ÀûÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¡¶Ã¶ÇÐÀû ³í¸®ÇС·Àº 1947³â¿¡ Á¦1±ÇÀÌ ³ª¿ÔÀ¸¸ç ÀÚ¿¬°úÇÐÀû Àνİú´Â È®½ÇÈ÷ ±¸º°µÇ°í ¶ÇÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ½ÇÁ¸Ã¶Çп¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ³ªÅ¸³ª Àִ öÇÐÀÇ µ¶ÀÚÀû ³í¸®¸¦ Ãß±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡¶À§´ëÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐÀڵ顷ÀÌ 1957³â ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ÃâÆǵǾú´Âµ¥, öÇÐÀ» ¼¾ç¿¡¸¸ ÇÑÁ¤½ÃÅ°Áö ¾Ê°í µ¿¾çÀ» Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃŲ Á¡¿¡¼ ±×ÀÇ À̸¥¹Ù '¼¼°èöÇÐ'ÀÇ Àǵµ¿¡ À־µ, ¶ÇÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐ»ç ¿¬±¸¿¡ À־µ µ¶ÀÚÀûÀÎ ÀúÀÛÀ̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¾ß½ºÆÛ½ºÀÇ È°µ¿Àº Àü¹®¿µ¿ª¿¡¸¸ ±¹ÇѵÇÁö ¾Ê°í »çȸ Á¤Ä¡¹®Á¦(¿¹ÄÁ´ë ¡¶ÀüÀïÁËÃ¥·Ð(îúî³ñªô¡Öå)¡· 1946), ´ëÇÐ ¹®Á¦(¡¶´ëÇÐÀÇ À̳䡷 1923-46) µî¿¡µµ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Á³°í, ½ÅÇаúµµ ±³¼·À» °¡Á³À¸¸ç(¡¶Ã¶ÇÐÀû ½Å¾Ó¡· 1948, ¡¶´Ïü¿Í ±âµ¶±³¡· 1946 µî) Çö´ë ¼±¸¼¼°èÀÇ ´ëÇ¥Àû Áö½ÄÀÎÀ¸·Î ²ÅÈ÷°í ÀÖ´Ù. [Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó]
[»ç»ó] [½ÇÁ¸°³¸í] ½ÇÁ¸°³¸í(ãùðíËÒÙ¥)Àº ¾ß½ºÆÛ½ºÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀû »çÀ¯ÀÇ º»ÁúÀ» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý°³³äÀ̸ç ÁÖÀú ¡¶Ã¶ÇС· Á¦2±ÇÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¸»À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. Áï, ½ÇÁ¸Àû »çÀ¯¸¦ ¶æÇÏ´Â ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. °úÇÐÀû »çÀ¯¿Í ´ëºñµÇ¾î Àΰ£ÀÇ ½ÇÁ¸ÀÌ ÀÚ±â Àڽſ¡ °üÇØ ¾Ë·Á°í ÇÏ´Â ¹ÙÀÇ ½ÇÁ¸Àû ÀÚ±â ÀÌÇظ¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¸Àº °´°üÀû ´ë»óÀ¸·Î¼ °úÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ÀνÄÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ½ÇÁ¸Àû ÀÚ±âÀÌÇØ´Â °³¸í ¶Ç´Â °³½Ã·Î¼ ½ÇÁ¸Àû ÀÎÁö°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. [½ÇÁ¸Àû »ç±Ñ] ½ÇÁ¸Àû »ç±ÑÀº ½ÇÁ¸Àû ±³ÅëÀ̶ó°íµµ Çϸç, ¾ß½ºÆÛ½º öÇÐÀÇ ½ÇõÀû ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ±× öÇÐÀÇ Áß½ÉÀº ½ÇÁ¸°³¸í(ãùðíËÒÙ¥)ÀÌÁö¸¸, ±× öÇÐÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº »ç±Ñ(ÄÚ¹«´ÏÄ«Ä¡¿Â)ÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ºÒ¸¸¿¡¼ ³ª¿Ô´Ù°í ÀÚ°¢µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¸Àº °í¸³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç ´Ù¸¥ ½ÇÁ¸¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©, ¶ÇÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ½ÇÁ¸°ú ´õºÒ¾î¼¸¸ÀÌ ½ÇÁ¸À¸·Î¼ÀÇ Çö½ÇÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ½ÇÁ¸°ú ½ÇÁ¸ »çÀÌ¿¡ »ç±Ñ ¶Ç´Â ±³ÅëÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. '»ç¶ûÀÇ ÅõÀï'À» ±× ¼Ó¿¡ Ç°°í¼ ±× ÅõÀïÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© Àΰ£Àº º»·¡Àû(ÜâÕÎîÜ) ÀڱⰡ µÈ´Ù.
[Àú¼] [¡¶Çö´ëÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀû »óȲ¡·] ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ¾ß½ºÆÛ½ºÀÇ ÁÖÀú ¡¶Ã¶ÇС· 3±Ç°ú °ÅÀÇ µ¿½ÃÀÎ 1931³â¿¡ ÃâÆǵÆÀ¸¸ç ¾ß½ºÆÛ½º öÇÐÀÇ ¹®ÈÆò·ÐÀû Ç¥ÇöÀÌ´Ù.
'½ÇÁ¸Ã¶ÇÐ'À̶ó´Â ¸»À» ¾ß½ºÆÛ½º´Â ÀÌ Ã¥¿¡¼ óÀ½À¸·Î ¸í¹éÈ÷ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ÀÚ±âÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀ» Çö´ëÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀû »óȲ¿¡ ¸í¹éÈ÷ ¿¬°áÁö¾î¼ ¼ö¸³ÇÏ¿´À½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 18¼¼±âÀÇ ÇÁ¶û½º Çõ¸í¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¸íÈ®È÷ ÀüȯµÈ »õ ½Ã´ë´Â À̼º¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ Àΰ£ÀÇ ÇöÁ¸À縦 ±ÙÀú·ÎºÎÅÍ °³Á¶ÇÑ´Ù´Â ½Ã´ë¶ó´Â ¸é¿¡¼ Çö´ëÀÌÁö¸¸, ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Ð Å°¿¡¸£ÄÉ°í¸£³ª ´Ïü, ±âŸ ¸¹Àº »ç»ó°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁöÀûµÇ°í ÀÖµíÀÌ Àΰ£ÀÌ À§ÇùÀ» ¹Þ°í ºÒ¾È°ú Ç㹫¿¡ Á÷¸éÇØ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ Çö´ëÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àΰ£ÀÇ À§±â´Â ±Ù´ë·ÎºÎÅÍ Çö´ë¿¡ °ÉÃļ ¼¼°èÀÇ ½Å½Å¾Ó(ãêãáäæ) »ó½ÇÀ̳ª ±â¼úÈ¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ÃÊ·¡µÈ °ÍÀ̸ç, Àΰ£ÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È ¼Ó¿¡ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¸Å¸ôµÊÀ¸·Î½á ¾ß±âµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾ß½ºÆÛ½º´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »óȲÀ» ±Ù´ë»çȸ ¼Ó¿¡¼ ÃßÁøµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â 'ÇÕ¸®È', '±â°èÈ', '´ëÁßÈ', 'Æò±ÕÈ' µîÀÇ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ °üÂûÇÏ°í ±× °¡¿îµ¥¼ Àΰ£ÀÌ Á¸À縦 ¹ÚÅ»´çÇÏ°í ±â´ÉȵǾúÀ½À» ³¯Ä«·Ó°Ô ÁöÀûÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Á¦1ºÎ¿¡¼ Á¦3ºÎ¿¡ °ÉÃÄ °¡Á¤»ýÈ°, ³ëµ¿, ±âŸ Àΰ£ÀÇ »ýÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿µ¿ªÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È¸¦ °Þ°í ÀÖÀ½À» Ź¿ùÇÑ ±¤¹ü¼º°ú ½É°¢¼ºÀ¸·Î½á ºÐ¼® ³í¼úÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
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[¡¶Ã¶ÇС·] 1932³â¿¡ ³ª¿Â ¾ß½ºÆÛ½ºÀÇ ÁÖÀú·Î¼ 3±ÇÀ¸·Î ³ª´µ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç <öÇÐÀû ¼¼°èÁ¤À§(á¦Í£ïÒêÈ)>,<½ÇÁ¸Çظí>,<ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐ>À̶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ß½ºÆÛ½º´Â Á¸À縦 '°´°üÁ¸Àç', 'ÀÚ±âÁ¸Àç', 'ÁïÀÚÁ¸Àç(ñíí»ðíî¤)'¶ó´Â 3¾çÅ·Π±¸º°ÇÏ°í À̰͵éÀº »óÈ£°£ ºÒ°¡ºÐÀÇ °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í Çϸç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¸Àç¾ç½Ä¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇÏ¿© °íÂûÀ» Àü°³½ÃÅ°°í ÀÖ´Ù.
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Karl Jaspers
[Born] 23 February 1883 Oldenburg, Germany [Died] 26 February 1969 (aged 86) Basel, Switzerland [Era] 20th-century philosophy [Region] Western Philosophy [School] Existentialism, Neo-Kantianism [Main interests] Psychiatry, theology, philosophy of history [Notable ideas] Axial Age, coining the term Existenzphilosophie, Dasein and Existenz as the two states of being, subject–object split [Recommended Youtube Video]
Karl Theodor Jaspers (23 February 1883 ~ 26 February 1969) was a German-Swiss psychiatrist and philosopher who had a strong influence on modern theology, psychiatry and philosophy. After being trained in and practicing psychiatry, Jaspers turned to philosophical inquiry and attempted to discover an innovative philosophical system. He was often viewed as a major exponent of existentialism in Germany, though he did not accept this label. [Biography] Jaspers was born in Oldenburg in 1883 to a mother from a local farming community, and a jurist father. He showed an early interest in philosophy, but his father's experience with the legal system undoubtedly influenced his decision to study law at Heidelberg University. It soon became clear that Jaspers did not particularly enjoy law, and he switched to studying medicine in 1902 with a thesis about criminology. In 1910 he married Gertrud Mayer (1879–1974), the sister of his close friends Gustav and Ernst Mayer. Jaspers graduated from Heidelberg University medical school in 1908 and began work at a psychiatric hospital in Heidelberg under Franz Nissl, successor of Emil Kraepelin and Karl Bonhoeffer, and Karl Wilmans. Jaspers became dissatisfied with the way the medical community of the time approached the study of mental illness and set himself the task of improving the psychiatric approach. In 1913 Jaspers habilitated at the philosophical faculty of the Heidelberg University and gained there in 1914 a post as a psychology teacher. The post later became a permanent philosophical one, and Jaspers never returned to clinical practice. During this time Jaspers was a close friend of the Weber family (Max Weber also having held a professorship at Heidelberg). In 1921, at the age of 38, Jaspers turned from psychology to philosophy, expanding on themes he had developed in his psychiatric works. He became a philosopher, in Germany and Europe. After the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, Jaspers was considered to have a "Jewish taint" (in the jargon of the time) due to his Jewish wife, and was forced to retire from teaching in 1937. In 1938 he fell under a publication ban as well. Many of his long-time friends stood by him, however, and he was able to continue his studies and research without being totally isolated. But he and his wife were under constant threat of removal to a concentration camp until 30 March 1945, when Heidelberg was liberated by American troops. In 1948 Jaspers moved to the University of Basel in Switzerland. He remained prominent in the philosophical community and became a naturalized citizen of Switzerland living in Basel until his death on his wife's 90th birthday in 1969. (from naver.com ³×À̹ö Áö½Ä¹é°ú µÎ»ê¹é°ú wikipedia.org, Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó, ** Selected & Recommended Youtube Videos are shown. **)
Coining, Characterize, Concrete Comprehension, influence(+)~ (PIG: time-variant)
Influence GRADE (PIG): C+
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