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¾ÆÁöÁî »êÀÚ¸£ (Aziz Sancar), ´ëÇб³¼ö
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Aziz Sancar
[Born] September 8, 1946 Savur, Mardin, Turkey [Nationality] Turkish [Fields] Biochemistry, molecular biology, DNA repair [Alma mater] Istanbul University (MD, 1969) UT Dallas (PhD, 1977) [Notable awards] Vehbi Koc Award, 2007 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2015 [Spouses] Gwen Sancar Aziz Sancar (born 8 September 1946) is a Kurdish biochemist and molecular biologist specializing in DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoints, and the circadian clock. In 2015, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Tomas Lindahl and Paul L. Modrich for their mechanistic studies of DNA repair. He is the co-founder of the Aziz and Gwen Sancar Foundation which is a non- profit organization for promote Turkish culture and support Turkish students and in the United States. [Education] Sancar completed his M.D. in Istanbul University of Turkey and completed his Ph.D. on the photoreactivating enzyme of E. coli in 1977 at the University of Texas at Dallas in the laboratory of Dr. C. Stan Rupert, now Professor Emeritus. [Career] Aziz Sancar is honorary member of the Turkish Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. His longest-running study has involved photolyase and the mechanisms of photo- reactivation. In his inaugural article in the PNAS, Sancar captures the elusive photolyase radicals he has chased for nearly 20 years, thus providing direct observation of the photocycle for thymine dimer repair. Aziz Sancar was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2005. Aziz Sancar is the Sarah Graham Kenan Professor of Biochemistry, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is married to Gwen Boles Sancar, who graduated the same year and who is also a Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Together, they founded Carolina Turk Evi, a permanent Turkish Center in close proximity to the campus of UNC- CH, which provides graduate housing for four Turkish researchers at UNC-CH, short term guest services for Turkish visiting scholars, and a center for promoting Turkish-American interchange. [Awards] He was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Tomas Lindahl and Paul L. Modrich for their mechanistic studies of DNA repair. Sancar is the second Turkish Nobel laureate after Orhan Pamuk who is also an alumni of Istanbul University. ------------------------------------- The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2015 to Tomas Lindahl Francis Crick Institute and Clare Hall Laboratory, Hertfordshire, UK Paul Modrich Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA and Aziz Sancar University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA ¡°for mechanistic studies of DNA repair" ---------- The cells¡¯ toolbox for DNA repair The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 is awarded to Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar for having mapped, at a molecular level, how cells repair damaged DNA and safeguard the genetic information. Their work has provided fundamental knowledge of how a living cell functions and is, for instance, used for the development of new cancer treatments. Each day our DNA is damaged by UV radiation, free radicals and other carcinogenic substances, but even without such external attacks, a DNA molecule is inherently unstable. Thousands of spontaneous changes to a cell¡¯s genome occur on a daily basis. Furthermore, defects can also arise when DNA is copied during cell division, a process that occurs several million times every day in the human body. The reason our genetic material does not disintegrate into complete chemical chaos is that a host of molecular systems continuously monitor and repair DNA. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 awards three pioneering scientists who have mapped how several of these repair systems function at a detailed molecular level. In the early 1970s, scientists believed that DNA was an extremely stable molecule, but Tomas Lindahl demonstrated that DNA decays at a rate that ought to have made the development of life on Earth impossible. This insight led him to discover a molecular machinery, base excision repair, which constantly counteracts the collapse of our DNA. Aziz Sancar has mapped nucleotide excision repair, the mechanism that cells use to repair UV damage to DNA. People born with defects in this repair system will develop skin cancer if they are exposed to sunlight. The cell also utilises nucleotide excision repair to correct defects caused by mutagenic substances, among other things. Paul Modrich has demonstrated how the cell corrects errors that occur when DNA is replicated during cell division. This mechanism, mismatch repair, reduces the error frequency during DNA replication by about a thousandfold. Congenital defects in mismatch repair are known, for example, to cause a hereditary variant of colon cancer. The Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 2015 have provided fundamental insights into how cells function, knowledge that can be used, for instance, in the development of new cancer treatments. 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Chemistry, Cell Cycle Checkpoints, Clock, influence(+) ~ (PIG: time-variant)
Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C+
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