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Æú ¸ðµå¸®Ä¡ (Paul Modrich) ´ëÇб³¼ö
[Ãâ»ý] 1946³â 6¿ù 13ÀÏ, ¹Ì±¹ [Çз»çÇ×] ~ 1973 ½ºÅÄÆÛµå´ëÇб³ ´ëÇпø ¹Ú»ç ~ 1968 MIT Çлç [°æ·Â»çÇ×] 1994 ~ ¹Ì±¹ ÇÏ¿öµåÈÞ½ºÀÇÇבּ¸¼Ò(HHMI) ¿¬±¸¿ø 1988 ~ ¹Ì±¹ µàÅ©´ëÇб³ ÀÇ°ú´ëÇÐ »ýÈÇÐ ±³¼ö 1976 ~ ¹Ì±¹ µàÅ© ¾Ï ¿¬±¸¼Ò ¿¬±¸¿ø [¼ö»ó] 2015 ³ëº§ÈÇлó
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Paul L. Modrich
[Born] Paul Lawrence Modrich 13 June 1946 Raton, New Mexico, USA [Nationality] United States [Fields] DNA mismatch repair [Institutions] Duke University Howard Hughes Medical Institute [Alma mater] Stanford University (PhD) [Known for] Clarification of cellular resistance to carcinogens [Notable awards] Nobel Prize (2015) Paul Lawrence Modrich (born 13 June 1946) is the James B. Duke Professor of Biochemistry at Duke University and Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He received his Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1973, and went for undergraduate at MIT (class of 1968). He is known for his research on DNA mismatch repair. [Award] He has been awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry 2015 jointly with Aziz Sancar and Tomas Lindahl. Dr. Modrich is also a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Institute of Medicine and the National Academy of Science. ------------------------------------- The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2015 to Tomas Lindahl Francis Crick Institute and Clare Hall Laboratory, Hertfordshire, UK Paul Modrich Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA and Aziz Sancar University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA ¡°for mechanistic studies of DNA repair" ---------- The cells¡¯ toolbox for DNA repair The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 is awarded to Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar for having mapped, at a molecular level, how cells repair damaged DNA and safeguard the genetic information. Their work has provided fundamental knowledge of how a living cell functions and is, for instance, used for the development of new cancer treatments. Each day our DNA is damaged by UV radiation, free radicals and other carcinogenic substances, but even without such external attacks, a DNA molecule is inherently unstable. Thousands of spontaneous changes to a cell¡¯s genome occur on a daily basis. Furthermore, defects can also arise when DNA is copied during cell division, a process that occurs several million times every day in the human body. The reason our genetic material does not disintegrate into complete chemical chaos is that a host of molecular systems continuously monitor and repair DNA. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 awards three pioneering scientists who have mapped how several of these repair systems function at a detailed molecular level. In the early 1970s, scientists believed that DNA was an extremely stable molecule, but Tomas Lindahl demonstrated that DNA decays at a rate that ought to have made the development of life on Earth impossible. This insight led him to discover a molecular machinery, base excision repair, which constantly counteracts the collapse of our DNA. Aziz Sancar has mapped nucleotide excision repair, the mechanism that cells use to repair UV damage to DNA. People born with defects in this repair system will develop skin cancer if they are exposed to sunlight. The cell also utilises nucleotide excision repair to correct defects caused by mutagenic substances, among other things. Paul Modrich has demonstrated how the cell corrects errors that occur when DNA is replicated during cell division. This mechanism, mismatch repair, reduces the error frequency during DNA replication by about a thousandfold. Congenital defects in mismatch repair are known, for example, to cause a hereditary variant of colon cancer. The Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 2015 have provided fundamental insights into how cells function, knowledge that can be used, for instance, in the development of new cancer treatments. (from naver.com wikipedia.org ¿¬ÇÕ´º½º etoday.co.kr µî)
Chemistry, Clarification of Cellular resistance to Carcinogens ~ (PIG: time-variant)
Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C+
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