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[À̸§] ÀÌÀÌ(×Ýì¼), ÒÇí, Laozi
Àηù ¿ª»çÀι° 100¸íÁß 73À§ ¼±Á¤
Àηù ¿ª»çÀι° 50¸í¿¡ ¼±Á¤
[Ãâ»ý] ±â¿øÀü 571³â(ÃßÁ¤) 3¿ù 12ÀÏ(ź»ý ±â³äÀÏ) Áß±¹ Ãʳª¶ó Çã³¼º [»ç¸Á] ±â¿øÀü 5¼¼±â°æ(ÃßÁ¤) [½Ã´ë] ÃáÃ߽ôë [Áö¿ª] µ¿¾ç öÇÐ [ÇÐÆÄ] µµ°¡ÀÇ Ã¢½ÃÀÚ [¿¬±¸ ºÐ¾ß] À±¸®ÇÐ, »çȸöÇÐ [ÁÖ¿ä ¾÷Àû] ¹«À§ ³ëÀÚ(ÖÕí)´Â ÃáÃ߽ôë Ãʳª¶óÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ·Î ÀüÇØÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¼ºÀº ÀÌ(×Ý), À̸§Àº ÀÌ(ì¼), ÀÚ´Â ´ã(ÓÄ)ÀÌ´Ù.
[»ý¾Ö ¹× »ç»ó] Çã³ ¼º ·çÀÌ Çö »ç¶÷À¸·Î ÁÖ¿ÕÀ» ¼¶°åÀ¸³ª, µÚ¿¡ °üÁ÷À» ¹ö·È´Ù. ±×´Â Áß±¹¿¡¼ ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¸¸¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© »ý°¢ÇÑ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ »ç¶÷À¸·Î, ±×°¡ ¹ß°ßÇÑ ¿ìÁÖÀÇ Áø¸®¸¦ 'µµ'(Ô³)¶ó°í À̸§Áö¾ú´Ù. ±× µµ¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ½Å¾ÓÀ» 'µµ±³'¶ó°í Çϸç, ±×´Â ¿ìÁÖ ¸¸¹°ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ÀÌÄ¡°¡ °ð 'µµ'¶ó°í ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù.
µµ´Â ¼ºÁúÀ̳ª ¸ð¾çÀ» °¡ÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, º¯Çϰųª ¾ø¾îÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, Ç×»ó ¾îµð¿¡³ª ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ´«À¸·Î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¿ìÁÖ ¸¸¹°Àº ´Ù¸¸ µµ°¡ ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¸ð½À¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¸ðµç ¿ìÁÖ ¸¸¹°ÀÇ ÇüÅ´ ±× ±Ùº»À» µûÁö¸é °á±¹Àº 17°¡Áö Áø¸®¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×ÀÇ »ç»óÀÌ´Ù.
±×ÀÇ »ç»óÀº ±×ÀÇ Àú¼ <³ëÀÚ µµ´ö°æ> ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â '¹«À§ ÀÚ¿¬'À̶ó´Â ¸»·Î ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ±Ùº»À̸ç, Áø¸®ÀÎ µµÀÇ ±æ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ·Á¸é ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢¿¡ µû¶ó »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×ÀÇ '¹«À§ ÀÚ¿¬' »ç»óÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ¹ý·ü¡¤µµ´ö¡¤Ç³¼Ó¡¤¹®È µî ÀÎÀ§ÀûÀÎ °Í¿¡ ¾ô¸ÅÀÌÁö ¸»°í »ç¶÷ÀÇ °¡Àå ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¾ç½É¿¡ µû¶ó, ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·ÎÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ÁöŰ¸ç »ì¾Æ°¥ ¶§ ºñ·Î¼Ò µµ¿¡ À̸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â Èļ¼¿¡ 'µµ±³ÀÇ ½ÃÁ¶'·Î ºÒ¸®°í, ±× »ç»óÀº '³ëÀå »ç»ó' ¶Ç´Â 'µµ°¡ »ç»ó'À¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿© À¯±³¿Í ÇÔ²² Áß±¹ Á¤½Å »ç»ó»ç¿¡¼ Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÇÀǸ¦ °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
[³ëÀÚÀÇ ½Çü] »ç¸¶Ãµ(ÞÉØ©ôÃ)Àº ¡¶»ç±â¡·¿¡¼ ³ëÀÚ·Î »óÁ¤µÇ´Â Àι°ÀÌ 3ÀÎÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù. (ÖÕí ùÛÞªÖªîî). ù°·Î ÀÌÀÌ(×Ýì¼, ÀÚ´Â ´ã(ÓÄ=ÖÕÓÄ)¸¦ µé¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â Ãʳª¶ó »ç¶÷À¸·Î °øÀÚ°¡ ¿¹(ÖÉ)¸¦ ¹è¿î »ç¶÷À̸ç, µµ´öÀÇ ¸» 5õ¿© ¾ð(åë)À» ÀúÀÛÇÑ »ç¶÷Àε¥ ±×ÀÇ ÃÖÈÄ´Â ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿¡ µç »ç¶÷Àº ¿ª½Ã °øÀÚ¿Í µ¿½Ã´ëÀÇ ³ë·¡ÀÚ(ÖÕÕÑí)·Î¼ Àú¼´Â 15Æí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù ÇÑ´Ù. ¼¼ ¹øÂ° µç °ÍÀº ÁÖ(ñ²)ÀÇ Å»ç´ãÀ̶ó´Â »ç¶÷À¸·Î °øÀÚÀÇ »çÈÄ 100³â ÀÌ»ó °æ°úÇÑ ¶§¿¡ Áø(òÚ)ÀÇ Çå°ø°ú ȸ´ãÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. °á·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î '³ëÀÚ´Â Àº±ºÀÚ(ëßÏÖí)'¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ³ëÀÚ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ´Â ÀºÀڷμ ±× »ç¶÷µÊÀ» Á¤È®È÷ ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Èļ¼¿¡ ³ëÀÚ¶ó°í ÇÏ¸é °øÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¿¹¸¦ °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀÌ(×Ýì¼)¸¦ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ »ó·ÊÀ̳ª, ÀÌÀ̶ó°í ÇÏ´Â Àι°Àº µµ°¡ÀÇ »ç»óÀÌ ¿Õ¼ºÇÏ´ø ½Ã±â¿¡ ±× »ç»óÀÇ ½ÃÁ¶·Î¼ °øÀÚº¸´Ùµµ À§ÀÎ(êÉìÑ)À̾ú´Ù°í Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¸¸µé¾îÁø Àü¼³ÀÏÁöµµ ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù.
ÆãÀ¯¶õ(ù§éÒÕµ)Àº ³ëÀÚ°¡ Àü±¹½Ã´ëÀÇ »ç¶÷À̾ú´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °ÇÏ°Ô ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÏ¿© ³ëÀÚ°¡ ½ÇÁ¸Àι°À̶ó°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù¸é ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ µµ´ö°æ Á×°£º»(BC 300³â°æ) ÀÌÀüÀÏ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ÇѺñÀÚ(BC 280~BC 233)°¡ µµ´ö°æÀ» ÀοëÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î ÇѺñÀÚº¸´Ù ¾Õ¼±´Ù. ¶Ç µµ´ö°æ¿¡´Â À¯°¡»ç»óÀ» ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ¸¹Àºµ¥ ÀÌ´Â ¹é¼º»(°©º»Àº Àü±¹½Ã´ë ¸»±â, À»º»Àº Çѳª¶ó Ãʱâ) ÀÌÈİ¡ ¹ÝÀ¯°¡ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ̸ç Á×°£º»Àº ´úÇÏ´Ù.
[³ëÀÚ µµ´ö°æ] ³ëÀÚÀÇ ¸»À̶ó°í ÇÏ¿© ¿À´Ã³¯ ¡¶³ëÀÚ¡·(ÖÕíÔ³ÓìÌèÀ̶ó°íµµ ÇÑ´Ù) »ó¡¤ÇÏ 2±Ç 81ÀåÀÌ ³²°ÜÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. °Å±â¼ ±â¼úµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â »ç»óÀº È®½ÇÈ÷ µµ(Ô³)ÀÇ º»Áú, Çö»ó°èÀÇ »ýȰÇϴ öÇÐÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹ÄÁ´ë µµ¸¦ ³íÇÏ¿© ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. 'µµ(Ô³)'´Â ¸¸¹°À» »ýÀå½ÃŰÁö¸¸ ¸¸¹°À» ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯·Î´Â ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µµ´Â ¸¸¹°À» Çü¼º½ÃŰÁö¸¸ ±× °ø(Íí)À» ³»¼¼¿ìÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µµ´Â ¸¸¹°ÀÇ Àå(íþ)ÀÌÁö¸¸ ¸¸¹°À» ÁÖÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù'(10Àå). ÀÌ·± »ç°í´Â ¸¸¹°ÀÇ Çü¼º¡¤º¯È´Â ¿ø·¡ ½º½º·Î ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ °Å±â¿¡´Â ¿¹Á¤µÈ ¸ñÀûÁ¶Â÷ ¾ø´Ù´Â »ý°¢¿¡¼ À¯·¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
³ëÀÚÀÇ ¸»¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ »ç»óÀº À¯½É·ÐÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª ÆãÀ¯¶õÀº µµ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â »ç°í¹æ½ÄÀº ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ À¯¹°·ÐÀ¸·Î¼ ¹«½Å·Ð¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±× ÀÌÇØ´Â ¶Ù¾î³ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶Ç 'µµ(Ô³)´Â ÀÚ¿¬(í»æÔ)À» ¹ý(Ûö)ÇÑ´Ù'(55Àå)°í Çϴµ¥ À̰ÍÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ±â ÀÇÁö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÚ¿¬°è¸¦ Áö¹èÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÔÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÌ·ÐÀº À¯°¡(êãÊ«)ÀÇ ÃµÀΰ¨ÀÀ(ô¸ìÑÊïëë)Àû »ý°¢À» ºÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. ³ëÀÚ°¡ º¸ÀÎ Àλý°üÀº "À¯¾àÇÑ ÀÚ´Â »ý(ßæ)ÀÇ µµ(Óù)ÀÌ´Ù" (76Àå). "À¯¾àÀº °°(˧Ë)¿¡ ½ÂÇÑ´Ù."(36Àå) "»ó¼±(ß¾à¼)Àº ¹°°ú °°´Ù. ¹°Àº ¸¸¹°À» ÀÌ·Ó°Ô ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ÙÅõÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¯¸é¼ ¹µ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½È¾îÇÏ´Â °÷¿¡ óÇÑ´Ù. ¶§¹®¿¡ µµ¿¡ °¡±õ´Ù"(8Àå), "õÇÏÀÇ À¯¾àÇϱâ´Â ¹°º¸´Ù ´õÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Ù"(78Àå) µîÀÇ ±¸Àý¿¡¼ º¸µíÀÌ ¾îµð±îÁö³ª ³ª¸¦ ³»¼¼¿ìÁö ¾Ê°í ¼¼»óÀÇ È帧À» µû¶ó ¼¼»ó°ú ÇÔ²² »ç´Â ÀÏÀ» ±ÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ »ç»óÀ» °âÇϺÎÀï((ÌÅù»Üôî³) À̶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ¸»·Î½á ȯ¾ð(üµåë)Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ³ëÀÚ´Â ¶Ç "µµ(Ô³)´Â ÀÏ(ìé)À» »ýÇϰí ÀÏÀº ÀÌ(ì£)¸¦ »ýÇϰí ÀÌ´Â »ï(ß²)À» »ýÇÏ°í »ïÀº ¸¸¹°À» »ýÇÑ´Ù."(42Àå)°í ÇÏ´Â ½ÄÀÇ ÀÏ¿ø·ÐÀûÀÎ ¿ìÁÖ»ý¼º·ÐÀ» »ý°¢Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
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µµ°¡µµºñ»óµµ [ԳʦԳުßÈÔ³]
[¿ä¾à] ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µµ(Ô³)´Â ´Ã ±×·¯ÇÑ µµ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î, µµ(Áø¸®)´Â ¸»·Î½á ÇÑÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ºÁúÀÇ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´ÔÀ» ÀÏÄ´ ¡¶³ëÀÚµµ´ö°æ(ÒÇíÔ³ÓìÌè)¡· »ç»óÀÇ Á᫐ °³³äÀÌ´Ù. Ô³ : ±æ µµ ʦ : °¡È÷ °¡ Þª : ¾Æ´Ò ºñ ßÈ : Ç×»ó »ó ¡¶³ëÀÚµµ´ö°æ¡· ù¸Ó¸®¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â À¯¸íÇÑ ±¸ÀýÀÌ´Ù. ¡¶µµ´ö°æ¡·ÀÇ Ã¹ÀåÀº ³ëÀÚÀÇ µµ(Ô³) »ç»óÀ» ÃѰýÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ÀåÀ¸·Î, µµ´Â ¸»[åë]·Î ¼³¸íÇϰųª ±Û·Î °³³äÈÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´ÔÀ» ¹àÈ÷°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¡¶µµ´ö°æ¡·ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Æ°í Ãß»óÀûÀÌ¾î¼ ÇÐÀڵ鿡 µû¶ó ÇØ¼®ÀÌ ¾à°£¾¿ ´Ù¸£°í, µµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ÀÇ¿¡µµ Â÷À̰¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 'µµ°¡µµºñ»óµµ' (ԳʦԳުßÈÔ³) ¿ª½Ã ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ ¿©¼¸ ÀÚ¸¦ Á¤È®È÷ Á¤ÀÇÇϱâ´Â ¾î·Æ´Ù. "µµ¸¦ µµ¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍÀº ´Ã ±×·¯ÇÑ µµ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù", "»ý°¢µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®´Â Àý´ëÀû Áø¸®¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°í ¸»·Î½á Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®´Â ¿µ¿øÇÑ Áø¸®¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù", "µµ¸¦ µµ¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ¸é ¿µ¿øÇÑ µµ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù", "µµ¸¦ µµ¶ó°í ÇØµµ ÁÁ°ÚÁö¸¸ ²À µµÀ̾î¾ß ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù" µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇØ¼®ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.
³ëÀÚ´Â ¡¶µµ´ö°æ¡· ùÀå¿¡¼ 'µµ°¡µµºñ»ó µµ' (ԳʦԳުßÈÔ³)¿¡ ÀÌ¾î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. "À̸§ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À̸§Àº Ç×»ó ±×·¯ÇÑ À̸§ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. À̸§ ¾øÀ½Àº õÁöÀÇ Ã³À½ÀÌ¿ä, À̸§ ÀÖÀ½Àº ¸¸¹°ÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´Ã ¾øÀ½¿¡¼ ±× ¿À¹¦ÇÔÀ» º¸·Á Çϰí, ´Ã ÀÖÀ½¿¡¼ ±× °¥·¡¸¦ º¸·Á°í ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ µÑÀº °°Àº °÷¿¡¼ ³ª¿ÔÀ¸³ª, À̸§¸¸ ´Þ¸®ÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ï, À̸¦ ÀÏ·¯ Çö¹¦ÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Çö¹¦ÇÏ°í ¶Ç Çö¹¦ÇÏ¿©, ¸ðµç ¹¦ÇÔÀÌ ³ª¿À´Â ¹®ÀÌ´Ù (¸ðµç ¹¦ÇÔÀÌ ÀÌ ¹®À» ÅëÇØ ³ª¿Â´Ù). (٣ʦ٣ުßÈÙ£ ÙíÙ£ô¸ò¢ñýã· êó٣ؿڪñýÙ½ ͺßÈÙíé°ì¤ÎºÐìÙØ ßÈêóé°ì¤ÎºÐì¿ä ó®Õ×íºÔÒ õó ì»ì¶Ù£ ÔÒêÝñýúÜ úÜñýéÑúÜ ñëÙØñýÚ¦)" [³×À̹ö Áö½Ä¹é°ú µÎ»ê¹é°ú]
--------------------------------------- (from [ÀιθÁ Çѱ¹¾îÆÇ]) 2017³â 3¿ù 12ÀÏÀº ³ëÀÚ ÀÌÀÌ(×Ýì¼)ÀÇ 2,588³â ź»ýÀÏÀ̾ú´Ù. Áß±¹ÀÇ µµ±³ ¼ºÁö·Î ºÒ¸®´Â Çã³(ùÁÑõ, Çϳ²) ·ï¾ç(Õ¦åÕ, ³«¾ç) ¶ó¿ÀÁå»ê(ÖÕÏÖߣ, ³ë±º»ê)¿¡´Â ¼¼°è¿¡¼ °¡Àå ³ôÀº ³ëÀÚ µ¿»óÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ´çÀÏ ±×°÷¿¡´Â ´ëÇü ÄÉÀÌÅ©°¡ ¹èÄ¡µÇ¾ú°í ÇØ´ç ÄÉÀÌÅ© À§¿¡´Â ¡®µµ´ö°æ(Ô³ÓìÌè)¡¯ÀÇ ¹®±¸°¡ »õ°ÜÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×°÷À» ãÀº »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿õÀåÇÑ µ¿»ó°ú ÄÉÀÌÅ©¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ±¸°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
¡®µµ´ö°æ¡¯ÀÌ »õ°ÜÁø ´ëÇü ÄÉÀÌÅ©´Â Çà»ç ÁÖÃÖ Ãø¿¡¼ °è¶õ 30,000°³, ¼³ÅÁ 450kg, ¿ìÀ¯ 300kg, ¹öÅÍ 600kg µîÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ¸¸µé¾ú°í ¹«°Ô´Â ÃÑ 5Åæ¿¡ ´ÞÇß´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
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ÒÇí Laozi
[Born] 5th–6th Century BCE Zhou Dynasty [Died] Zhou Dynasty [Era] Ancient philosophy [Region] Chinese philosophy [School] Taoism [Notable ideas] Wu wei (ÙíêÓ) Laozi (also Lao-Tzu or Lao-Tze) was a philosopher and poet of ancient China. He is best known as the reputed author of the Tao Te Ching and the founder of philosophical Taoism, but he is also revered as a deity in religious Taoism and traditional Chinese religions. Although a legendary figure, he is usually dated to around the 6th century BC and reckoned a contemporary of Confucius, but some historians contend that he actually lived during the Warring States period of the 5th or 4th century BC. A central figure in Chinese culture, Laozi is claimed by both the emperors of the Tang dynasty and modern people of the Li surname as a founder of their lineage. Throughout history, Laozi's work has been embraced by various anti-authoritarian movements. ------------------------------------- Wu wei (ÙíêÓ ¹«À§) is an important concept in Taoism that literally means non-action or non-doing. In the Tao te Ching, Lao Tzu explains that beings (or phenomena) that are wholly in harmony with the Tao behave in a completely natural, uncontrived way. The goal of spiritual practice for the human being is, according to Lao Tzu, the attainment of this purely natural way of behaving, as when the planets revolve around the sun. The planets effortlessly do this revolving without any sort of control, force, or attempt to revolve themselves, instead engaging in effortless and spontaneous movement. ===================================== Taoism (or Daoism) is a philosophical, ethical or religious tradition of Chinese origin that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (also romanized as Dao). The term Tao means "way", "path" or "principle", and can also be found in Chinese philosophies and religions other than Taoism. In Taoism, however, Tao denotes something that is both the source of, and the force behind, everything that exists. The "way" becomes clear when one is in constant meditation with all thoughts being subconsciously regulated outside the state of mental stillness, although emotions will drive thoughts they remain an absolute choice. Taoism is practiced as a religion in various Asian communities, but its theology is not dependent on the existence of an anthropomorphic godlike figurehead (even though some communities do worship Laozi as the attributed founder of the philosophical doctrine), and has more affinities with pantheistic traditions given its philosophical emphasis on the formlessness of the Tao. Taoism drew its cosmological notions from the tenets of the School of Yin Yang, and is heavily influenced and informed by the acknowledged oldest text of ancient Chinese classics, the I Ching, which prescribes a system of philosophical thought on the ethics of human behaviours based on articulating cycles of change in the natural and social worlds by means of gua or hexagrams, and includes instructions for divination practice still adhered to by modern-day religious Taoists. The Tao Te Ching, a compact and ambiguous book containing teachings attributed to Laozi (ÖÕí; Laozi), is widely considered the keystone work of this philosophy. Together with the writings of Zhuangzi, which interprets and adds to the teaching of Laozi, these classic texts provide the philosophical foundation of Taoism deriving from the 8 trigrams (bagua) of Fu Xi in the 2700s BCE in China, the various combinations of which creates the 64 hexagrams as documented in the I Ching. Taoist propriety and ethics may vary depending on the particular school, but in general they tend to emphasize wu- wei (action through non- action), "naturalness", simplicity, spontaneity, and the Three Treasures: compassion, moderation, and humility. Taoism has had profound influence on Chinese culture in the course of the centuries, and clerics of institutionalised Taoism usually take care to note distinction between their ritual tradition and the customs and practices found in Chinese folk religion as these distinctions sometimes appear blurred. Chinese alchemy (especially neidan), Chinese astrology, Chan (Zen) Buddhism, several martial arts, traditional Chinese medicine, feng shui, and many styles of qigong have been intertwined with Taoism throughout history. Beyond China, Taoism also had influence on surrounding societies in Asia. After Laozi and Zhuangzi, the literature of Taoism grew steadily and was compiled in form of a canon—the Daozang—which was published at the behest of the emperor. Throughout Chinese history, Taoism was several times nominated as a state religion. After the 17th century, however, it fell from favor. Today, Taoism is one of five religions officially recognized in China, and although it does not travel readily from its Asian roots, claims adherents in a number of societies. Taoism also has sizable communities in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and in Southeast Asia. A Chinese philosopher defines Taoism thus: "early forms come from understanding and experience of the Tao. Experience of the Tao is an irreducible element of the formation and transformation of Chinese experience of the ultimate". (from wikipedia.org naver.com µî)
Ancient, Author, Asia, Air, influence ~ (PIG: time-variant)
Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): A
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