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1927³â 4¿ù Czerny´Â Theodor Leschetizky,
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====================================================

Carl Czerny

[Born] 21 February 1791, Vienna, Austria
[Died] 9 August 1857 (aged 66), Vienna, Austria

Carl Czerny (21 February 1791 ~ 9 August 1857)
was an Austrian composer, teacher, and pianist
of Czech origin whose vast musical production amounted
to over a thousand works. His books of studies for the piano
are still widely used in piano teaching.



[Influence]
Czerny can be considered as a father of modern piano
technique for generations of pianists, when it is taken
into account that many of his students, such as
Theodor Leschetizky, Franz Liszt and Theodor Kullak,
also became teachers and passed on his legacy.

The US music magazine The Etude presented in its issue
of April 1927 an illustration showing how Czerny could be
considered the father of modern piano technique,
and the basis of an entire generation of pianists.
This list can be extended to the present day:
examples of 'descent' are:

Wanda Landowska: pupil of Moritz Moszkowski
¡ç Theodor Kullak ¡ç Czerny;
Sergei Prokofiev: pupil of Anna Yesipova
¡ç Theodor Leschetizky ¡ç Czerny;
Arthur Rubinstein: pupil of Ignacy Jan Paderewski
¡ç Theodor Leschetizky ¡ç Czerny.
Claudio Arrau: pupil of Martin Krause ¡ç Liszt ¡ç Czerny;
Ernő Dohnanyi: pupil of Istvan Thoman ¡ç Liszt ¡ç Czerny;
Georges Cziffra: pupil of Istvan Thoman ¡ç Liszt ¡ç Czerny;
Daniel Barenboim: pupil of Edwin Fischer ¡ç Martin Krause
¡ç Liszt ¡ç Czerny;

Czerny wrote an essay on the correct performing of
the piano sonatas of Beethoven, "On the Proper performance
of all Beethoven's works for piano" (1846).

Johannes Brahms wrote about it to Clara Schumann
in a letter of March 1878: "I certainly think Czerny's
large pianoforte course Op. 500 is worthy of study,
particularly in regard to what he says about Beethoven
and the performance of his works, for he was a diligent
and attentive pupil ... Czerny's fingering is particularly
worthy for attention. In fact I think that people today
ought to have more respect for this excellent man".



In a letter written to Otto Jahn of 30 October 1852,
Liszt wrote: "In the twenties, when a great portion
of Beethoven's creations was a kind of Sphinx,
Czerny was playing Beethoven exclusively,
with an understanding as excellent as his technique
was efficient and effective; and, later on, he did not set
himself up against some progress that had been made
in technique, but contributed materially to it
by his own teaching and works."

Czerny had an influential role in defining the canon
of classical piano repertoire. Volume 4 (1847) of his
Theoretico-Practical Piano School listed what he considered
to be the most important piano works of the previous
eighty years, including works of Mozart, Clementi, Chopin,
Schumann, Liszt, Schubert, Mendelssohn, and works of his own.



[Reputation]
From Czerny's death until the end of the 20th century
there was a predominance of negative views about his work.
Robert Schumann in the Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik
(New Musical Gazette), said of Czerny's op. 424:
"It would be difficult to find a failure of imagination
greater than that of Czerny."

Liszt included several Czerny
compositions in his repertoire and also dedicated
his twelve Transcendental Etudes to Czerny.

He also collaborated with Czerny on the Hexameron.
But even Liszt suggested, in an 1852 letter to Otto Jahn:
"It is ... a pity that, by a too super-abundant
productiveness, he has necessarily weakened himself,
and has not gone on further on the road of his
first Sonata (Op. 7, A-flat major) and of other works of
that period, which I rate very highly, as compositions
of importance, beautifully formed and having the noblest
tendency."

In "Men, Women and Pianos" Arthur Loesser describes
Czerny's music as "without depth, intensity, or wit,
but always smooth and pretty and rather ear-tickling
when played fast ... endless variety of patterns
and endless monotony of import."

More positive views have been offered by musicians
such as Anton Kuerti Brahms, and Leon Botstein.

In 1915 Claude Debussy composed his 12 Etudes for piano (L
136).
The first is a homage to Czerny: "pour les cinq doigts
d'apres Monsieur Czerny" ("for the five fingers after
Monsieur Czerny"). Igor Stravinsky wrote about his admiration
for Czerny also as a composer: "As to Czerny,
I have been appreciating the full-blooded musician
in him more than the remarkable pedagogue."

(from ³×À̹ö Áö½Ä¹é°ú µÎ»ê¹é°ú wikipedia.org)


Composer, Czech, Czerny op. , Influence(+)~
(PIG: time-variant)

Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C+


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