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ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎ-Wittgenstein,öÇÐÀÚ,Austria/England | ||
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[ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ ³ë¸£¿þÀÌ ½ºÅ°¿Ãµ§ º°Àå] 1951³â 2¿ù, ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº ¿©·¯ ¹ø ³ë¸£¿þÀÌÀÇ ½ºÅ°¿Ãµ§ º°ÀåÀ̳ª ¼öµµ¿ø¿¡ °¡·Á´Â »ý°¢À» Çϳª °Ç° ¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÇÇàÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. °á±¹ ÄÉÀӺ긮Áö¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁÖÄ¡ÀÇÀÎ º£¹ø ¹Ú»çÀÇ Áý¿¡¼ ¸Ó¹°±â·Î ÇÑ´Ù. 1951³â 4¿ù 26ÀÏ, ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ ¿¹¼øµÎ ¹ø° »ýÀÏÀÌÀÚ, ¸¶Áö¸· »ýÀÏÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1951³â 4¿ù 28ÀÏ, º£¹ø ¹Ú»ç°¡ ÀÌÁ¦ ¸çÄ¥¹Û¿¡ »ì ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» À̾߱âÇß´Ù. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº "¾ÆÁÖ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù!"¶ó°í ´ë´äÇß´Ù. º£¹ø ¿©»ç´Â ±×ÀÇ ÀÔÁ¾À» ÁöÅ°¸é¼ 1951³â 4¿ù 29ÀÏ Ä£±¸µéÀÌ µµÂøÇÒ °ÍÀ» ÀüÇß´Ù. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÌ '¸ÚÁø »îÀ» »ì¾Ò´Ù'°í Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô ´ë½Å Àü´ÞÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀ» ºÎŹÇß´Ù. [Ã߸ð K-Pop] 1951³â 4¿ù 29ÀÏ, º¥ ¸®Ã³Áî, ¿¤¸®ÀÚº£½º ¾Ø½ºÄÞ, ¿ä¸¯ ½º¸¶À̽ýº ±×¸®°í ¸ð¸®½º µå·ç¾î¸®°¡ ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ ÀÓÁ¾À» º¸±â À§ÇØ º£¹øÀÇ Áý¿¡ ¸ð¿´´Ù. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ Ä£±¸µéÀº ±×¿¡°Ô °¡Å縯 ÀǽÄÀ» Ä¡·ï¾ß ÇÒÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÒÁö °í¹ÎÇÏ´Ù ½º¸¶À̽ýº°¡ ¾ðÁ¨°¡ ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÌ °¡Å縯 Ä£±¸µéÀÌ Àڽſ¡°Ô ±âµµÇØ Áֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ú´Ù°í ¾ê±âÇÏÀÚ ±×¸¦ À§ÇØ ±âµµÇÑ´Ù. ±âµµ ÈÄ ¾ó¸¶ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Æ º£¹ø ¹Ú»ç´Â ±×°¡ ÀÓÁ¾ÇßÀ½À» ¸»Çß´Ù. [Ã߸ð K-Pop] 1951³â 4¿ù 30ÀÏ, ÄÉÀӺ긮Áö¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼º ÀÚÀϽº ±³È¸¿¡¼ °¡Å縯ÀåÀ¸·Î Àå·Ê½ÄÀÌ °ÅÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. »çÈÄ¿¡ ¡¶Ã¶ÇÐÀû Ž±¸ Philosophische Untersuchungen¡·(1953) µî ¸¹Àº À¯°í(ë¶ÍÃ)°¡ ÃâÆǵǾú´Ù. [Æ®ºñÈ÷ ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎ ¿¬º¸] 1889 4¿ù 26ÀÏ ¿À½ºÆ®¸®¾Æ ºó¿¡¼ Ãâ»ý. 1908 ¸Çü½ºÅÍ ºòÅ丮¾Æ´ëÇб³¿¡¼ °øÇÐ ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§¸¦ Ãëµæ. 1911 ¿µ±¹À¸·Î °¡ ÄÉÀӺ긮Áö´ëÇб³ ±³¼ö ·¯¼¿ ¹Ø¿¡¼ ¼öÇÐ. 1916 ¿À½ºÆ®¸®¾Æ 7±º¿¡ Áö¿øÇÏ¿© ÃÖÀü¹æ Á¶Á¾»ç·Î Á¦1Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü¿¡ ÂüÀü. "½ÅÀÌ¿© ³ª¸¦ ±ú´Ý°Ô ÇϼҼ, ½ÅÀÌ¿© ³ª¸¦ ±ú´Ý°Ô ÇϼҼ, ½ÅÀÌ¿© ³ª¸¦ ±ú´Ý°Ô ÇϼҼ, ½ÅÀÌ¿© ³ªÀÇ ¿µÈ¥À» ±ú´Ý°Ô ÇϼҼ!" -ÃÖÀü¹æ ºÎ´ë¿¡ ¹èÄ¡µÇ¸é¼ ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÌ Àû¾ú´ø ÀϱâÀÇ ºÎºÐ 1920 ÀüÀï ÈÄ ¿À½ºÆ®¸®¾Æ·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡ ÃʵîÇб³ ±³»ç·Î ÀçÁ÷. 1921 ¡¶³í¸®Ã¶ÇзС· Ãâ°£. [ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸Àΰú Çлýµé(1923³â°æ)] 1939 ¿µ±¹ ÄÉÀӺ긮Áö´ëÇб³ ±³¼ö·Î ÀçÁ÷. 1947 ±³¼öÁ÷À» »çÀÓÇÏ°í ÁýÇÊ¿¡¸¸ Àü³ä. 1951 4¿ù 29ÀÏ ÄÉÀӺ긮Áö¿¡¼ »ç¸Á. [Ã߸ð K-Pop] 1953 À¯°íÀÛ ¡¶Ã¶ÇÐÀû Ž±¸¡· Ãâ°£. ---------------------------------------- ·çÆ®ºñÈ÷ ¿äÁ¦ÇÁ ¿äÇÑ ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎ (Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein, 1889³â 4¿ù 26ÀÏ ~ 1951³â 4¿ù 29ÀÏ)Àº ¿À½ºÆ®¸®¾Æ¿Í ¿µ±¹¿¡¼ È°µ¿ÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚÀ̸ç, ³í¸®ÇÐ, ¼öÇРöÇÐ, ½É¸® öÇÐ, ¾ð¾î öÇÐ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ¾÷ÀûÀ» ³²°å´Ù. ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ 20¼¼±âÀÇ °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ·Î ¼Õ²Å´Â´Ù. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº ³í¸® ½ÇÁõÁÖÀÇ¿Í ÀÏ»ó ¾ð¾î öÇп¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢ÃÆ°í ºÐ¼® öÇÐÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â ÀÎÀç·Îµµ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. 20¼¼±â ¸» ÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐ Æ÷·³ÀÌ Á¤¸®ÇÑ ¼¼±â¸¦ ´ëÇ¥Çϴ öÇп¡¼µµ ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ ¡¶³í¸® öÇÐ ³í°í¡·¿Í ¡¶Ã¶ÇРŽ±¸¡·´Â »óÀ§ 5À§±Ç¿¡ ¸ðµÎ ¼±Á¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ »ç»óÀº ÈÄÀÏ Àι®Çаú »çȸ °úÇÐÀÇ ¿©·¯ ¹æ¸é¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾ú°í ºÐ¼® öÇÐÀڷμ´Â ¿¹¿Ü·Î ¿¹¼ú°¡µé¿¡°Ô ÀüÆĵǾú´Ù. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀ̶ó´Â À̸§Àº Á¾Á¾ õÀ縦 °¡¸®Å°´Â ³¹¸»·Î ¾²ÀδÙ. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ »ç»óÀº ¡¶³í¸® öÇÐ ³í°í¡··Î ´ëÇ¥µÇ´Â Àü±â¿Í ¡¶Ã¶ÇРŽ±¸¡··Î ´ëÇ¥µÇ´Â Èıâ·Î ³ª´¶´Ù. ¡¶³í¸® öÇÐ ³í°í¡·¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ Àü±â »ç»óÀÌ ¸íÁ¦¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ³¹¸»ÀÇ ÀºÀ¯´Ù¿î °ü°è¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© ±âÁ¸ öÇп¡¼ À߸øµÈ °³³ä Å¿¿¡ ºú¾îÁø ³í¸®¿¡ »óÃæÇÏ´Â Á¡À» Áö¸ñÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÁýÁßµÈ ¹Ý¸é, Èı⠻ç»óÀº ¾ð¾î-³îÀÌ¿¡¼ »óÈ£ º¯È¯µÇ´Â ÀÚ¿¬ ¾ð¾î°¡ ³í¸®¿¡ ºÎÇÕÇÑ ±¸Á¶·Î Á¤ÇüÈÇÑ ¾ð¾î¿Í´Â ´Ù¸¥ Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¿ª¼³Çϴµ¥ Áß½ÉÀÌ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Ù. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº ¡°´Ü¾îÀÇ Àǹ̴ ÁÖ¾îÁø ¾ð¾î-³îÀ̾ȿ¡¼ ±× ´Ü¾îµéÀÌ »ç¿ëÀÌ µÉ¶§ °¡Àå Àß ÀÌÇصȴ١± (the meaning of words is best understood as their use within a given language-game)¶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ Èı⠻ç»óÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. 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[¡¶Ã¶ÇÐÀû Ž±¸¡·] ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ È¸°í¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ±×´Â ÄÉÀӺ긮Áö ´ëÇб³¿¡¼ ÇÔ²² ÀçÁ÷ÇÏ´ø ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ Ãâ½ÅÀÇ °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚ ÇÇ¿¡·Î ½º¶óÆÄ¿Í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±×¸² À̷п¡ ´ëÇØ Åä·ÐÀ» ÇÏ´ø °¡¿îµ¥ À߸øÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÌ À̷п¡ ½º¶óÆÄ°¡ ¹Ý·ÐÇÏ¸é¼ ¼Õ°¡¶ô ³¡À¸·Î ¸ñºÎºÐÀ» ¹Ð¾î ¿Ã·È´Ù. ½º¶óÆÄÀÇ ÇൿÀº ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¿¡¼ Àǹ®À̳ª Á¶¼Ò¸¦ ¶æÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Á¦½ºÃ³¿´´Ù. ¼ø°£ ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº ¡¶³í°í¡·¿¡¼ ÁÖÀåÇß´ø ¾ð¾îÀÇ ³í¸®Çаú´Â ´Þ¸® ÀÏ»ó »ýÈ°¿¡¼ ¾²ÀÌ´Â ¾ð¾îÀÇ Àǹ̴ °áÄÚ ÇÑ °¡Áö·Î °íÂøµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â Á¡À» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ý°¢ÀÇ ÀüȯÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ¡¶Ã¶ÇÐÀû Ž±¸¡·¸¦ ÁýÇÊÇÏ¿´À¸³ª ÃâÆÇÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¡¶Ã¶ÇÐÀû Ž±¸¡·´Â ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ »çÈÄ¿¡ ³²°ÜÁø ÃÊ°í¸¦ ÇÕÇÏ¿© ÃâÆǵǾú´Ù. ¡¶Ã¶ÇÐÀû Ž±¸¡·¿¡ À̸£·¯ ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀ» »ó´çºÎºÐ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÃʱâÀÇ ±×¸² À̷аú´Â ´Þ¸® ÀÏ»óÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¾ð¾î¸¦ Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô ¿©±ä °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±×¸² ÀÌ·ÐÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ±âÁ¸¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø »ç¹°°ú ¾ð¾î°¡ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÁÖÀåÀ» ¹Ý´ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸Àο¡ µû¸£¸é, ¾ð¾î°¡ ÀÖ±â Àü¿¡ »ýÈ° ¾ç½ÄÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¾ð¾î´Â ±× '¶æ'ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó '»ç¿ë'¿¡ º»ÁúÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °°Àº ¾ð¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº »îÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ» °øÀ¯ÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº ¾ð¾î¿¡´Â ÇϳªÀÇ °øÅëµÈ º»ÁúÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±× ¾²ÀÓ¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¿©·¯ À¯»ç¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çߴµ¥, ±×´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀ» '°¡Á· À¯»ç¼º'(family resemblances)À̶ó°í ºÒ·¶´Ù. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº ¾ð¾î¸¦ ³îÀÌ¿¡ ºñÀ¯Çߴµ¥, Áٳѱ⠳îÀÌ, ¼ú·¡Àâ±â, °¡À§¹ÙÀ§º¸ µîÀÇ '³îÀÌ'¿¡¼µµ ¾î¶² º»ÁúÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸¶Ä¡ °¡Á·Ã³·³ ¼·Î À¯»çÇÑ Á¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ´ë´Ï¾ó ¼Ö·Îºê´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ °¡Á·À¯»ç¼º Á¢±ÙÀ» Çö´ëÇü ÇÁ¶óÀ̹ö½Ã °³³äÀ» Á¤¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î È°¿ëÇÏÀÚ°í ÁÖÀåÇϱ⵵ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº öÇÐÀ̶ó´Â Çй®ÀÌ ¾î¶°ÇÑ »ç¹°À̳ª Çö»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çй®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â Çй®¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¾ð¾î¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â Çй®À̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº ³í¸® ½ÇÁõÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀÌ ¸í·áÇÏ°í ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ »óÅÂÀÇ ¾ð¾î¸¦ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ºñÆÇÇß´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐÀº ¿Á½ºÆÛµåÇÐÆĶó°íµµ ºÒ¸®´Â ÀÏ»ó¾ð¾îÇÐÆÄ°¡ ÀÕ°Ô µÈ´Ù. [Àú¼] [½Ã±âº° ÁÖ¿ä Àú¼] 1889-1921 : ¡¶³í¸® öÇÐ ³í°í¡· (Logisch-Philosophische Abhandlung, Annalen der Naturphilosophie, 14 ,1921³â), ¡¶ÂÊÁö¡· 1922-1933 : ¡´Ã¶Çп¡ ´ëÇÑ °ßÇØ¡µ(Philosophische Bemerkungen), ·¯½¬ ¸®Áî(Rush Rhees) ÆíÁý,1964³â) 1933-1935 : ¡¶Ã»»ö Ã¥, °¥»ö Ã¥¡·(The Blue and Brown Books, 1958³â), ÄÉÀӺ긮Áö ÀçÇнÃÀýÀÎ 1933³â - 1935³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ¿µ¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ ³ëÆ®¸¦ »çÈÄ¿¡ Á¤¸® 1936-1949 : ¡¶Ã¶ÇÐÀû Ž±¸¡·(Philosophische Untersuchungen, 1953³â) 1949-1951 : ¡´È®½Ç¼º¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©¡µ(¿µ¾î: On Certainty) - ÇൿÀ̷п¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀº öÇÐÀû ´Ü»óµé [±âŸ] ¡´¼öÇÐÀÇ ±âÃÊ¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÀÇ¡µ(Bemerkungen uber die Grundlagen der Mathematik, G.H. von Wright, R. Rhees, and G.E.M. Anscombe µîÀÌ »çÈÄ¿¡ ÆíÁý, 1956³â) - 1937³â - 1944³â »çÀÌÀÇ ³í¸®¿Í ¼öÇп¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐ ÀÛ¾÷ ¸ðÀ½ ¡´½É¸®ÇÐÀÇ Ã¶Çп¡ ´ëÇÑ °ßÇØ¡µ(Bemerkungen uber die Philosophie der Psychologie, G.E.M. Anscombe and G.H. von Wright µîÀÌ »çÈÄ¿¡ ÆíÁý, 1980³â) ¡´»ö»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ßÇØ¡µ(Bemerkungen uber die Farben, G.E.M. 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ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ´Â Á¦°¡ ÁÖ°üÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±ÅÃÇÑ ³ë·¡ÀÏ »Ó, ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÌ ³ë·¡¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÒÁö´Â ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ·çÆ®ºñÈ÷ ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎ(Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein, öÇÐÀÚ)ÀÌ °æÇèÇÑ Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Â ÀÏÈ(episode)´Â? ·çÆ®ºñÈ÷ ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº öÇÐÀڷμÀÇ À̷»Ӹ¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Îµµ µ¶Æ¯ÇÏ°í Èï¹Ì·Î¿î Àι°ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×ÀÇ »î¿¡¼ Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Â ÀÏÈ Áß Çϳª´Â 1911³â ¿µ±¹¿¡¼ ÀÏÇÏ´ø ½ÃÀý¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¾î´À ³¯, ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº ¿Â÷¸¦ Ÿ°í ´Ù¸¥ µµ½Ã·Î À̵¿ÇÏ´Â µµÁß ÇÑ ¿©¼º°ú ´ëȸ¦ ³ª´©°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ¿©¼ºÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹®Àå ±¸¼ºÀÌ ±×ÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀû »ç°í¹æ½Ä°ú ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¸£°Ô ´À²¸Á³´ø ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº ¿©¼º¿¡°Ô "Á¦ »ý°¢¿¡, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ¹®ÀåÀÌ È¥¶õ½º·´´Ù"°í ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ ¿©¼ºÀº "±×·¸°Ô ¸»Çؼ± ¾È µÅ¿ä. ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸® µÎ »ç¶÷ ¸ðµÎÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Á¦ ¹®Á¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¦°¡ Á¦ ¹®ÀåÀ» À߸ø ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù"¶ó°í ´ë´äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÏÈ´Â ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ Ã¶Çп¡¼ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ ¾ð¾î¿Í ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ÀÏÈ·Î À¯¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº ÀÌ °æÇè¿¡¼ ¿©¼ºÀÇ ¹®Àå ±¸¼ºÀÌ À߸øµÈ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±×³àÀÇ ¾ð¾î »ç¿ë ¹æ½ÄÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. 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ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ßÇØ´Â ±×°¡ µµ´öÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù·ê ¶§ ´Ù¼Ò È¥¶õ½º·¯¿ï ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±×°¡ µµ´öÀû Ã¥ÀÓ°¨°ú ¾ç½ÉÀ» Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢Çϴ öÇÐÀÚÀÓ¿¡´Â º¯ÇÔÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ·çÆ®ºñÈ÷ ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎ(Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein, öÇÐÀÚ)ÀÇ ¾ç½É(Conscience) µî±Þ(Grade)À» A(¸Å¿ì ¿ì¼ö), B(¿ì¼ö), C(º¸Åë), D(³·À½) ·Î Grading ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ·çÆ®ºñÈ÷ ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎ(Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein, öÇÐÀÚ)ÀÇ ¾ç½Éµî±Þ(Conscience Grade)Àº? ¾î¶² Àι°ÀÇ ¾ç½É µî±ÞÀ» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Á¿î ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ·çÆ®ºñÈ÷ ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎÀº ±×ÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀûÀÎ ½Çõ°ú µµ´öÀû Ã¥ÀÓ°¨À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¸Å¿ì ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¾ç½ÉÀ» °¡Áø öÇÐÀÚ Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀ¸·Î Æò°¡µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ã¶Çп¡ µû¶ó »ì¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, µµ´öÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦¿Í °³ÀÎÀû Ã¥ÀÓ, ¾ç½É°ú Á¤ÀÇ µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Áß¿ä½Ã ¿©°Ü ±×°ÍÀ» ½ÇõÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºÎ¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ÀÚ¼± È°µ¿¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µî ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀû ½Çõ¿¡ µû¶ó »ì¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇൿµéÀº ±×°¡ ¸Å¿ì ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¾ç½ÉÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷ÀÓÀ» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¾ç½É µî±ÞÀ» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·Æ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸íÈ®ÇÑ µî±ÞÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ========================================== Ludwig Wittgenstein [Born] Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein 26 April 1889 Vienna, Austria-Hungary [Died] 29 April 1951 (aged 62) Cambridge, England [Nationality] Austrian and British [Education] Realschule in Linz Technische Hochschule (Diploma) Victoria University of Manchester Trinity College, Cambridge (PhD) [Notable work] Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus Philosophical Investigations [Era] 20th-century philosophy [Region] Western philosophy [School] Analytic philosophy Linguistic turn Logical atomism [Institutions] Trinity College, Cambridge [Main interests] Logic, metaphysics, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of mind, epistemology [Notable ideas] Picture theory of language Truth functions States of affairs Logical necessity Meaning is use Language-games Private language argument Family resemblance Rule following Forms of life Wittgensteinian fideism Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics Ordinary language philosophy Ideal language analysis Quietism Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language. From 1929 to 1947, Wittgenstein taught at the University of Cambridge. During his lifetime he published just one slim book, the 75-page Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921), one article, one book review and a children's dictionary. His voluminous manuscripts were edited and published posthumously. Philosophical Investigations appeared as a book in 1953, and has since come to be recognized as one of the most important works of philosophy in the twentieth century. His teacher, Bertrand Russell, described Wittgenstein as "the most perfect example I have ever known of genius as traditionally conceived; passionate, profound, intense, and dominating". Born in Vienna into one of Europe's richest families, he inherited a fortune from his father in 1913. He initially made some donations to artists and writers and then, in a period of severe personal depression after the First World War, he gave away his entire fortune to his brothers and sisters. Three of his brothers committed suicide, with Wittgenstein contemplating it too. He left academia several times—serving as an officer on the front line during World War I, where he was decorated a number of times for his courage; teaching in schools in remote Austrian villages where he encountered controversy for hitting children when they made mistakes in mathematics; and working as a hospital porter during World War II in London where he told patients not to take the drugs they were prescribed while largely managing to keep secret the fact that he was one of the world's most famous philosophers. He described philosophy as "the only work that gives me real satisfaction". His philosophy is often divided into an early period, exemplified by the Tractatus, and a later period, articulated in the Philosophical Investigations. The early Wittgenstein was concerned with the logical relationship between propositions and the world and believed that by providing an account of the logic underlying this relationship, he had solved all philosophical problems. The later Wittgenstein rejected many of the assumptions of the Tractatus, arguing that the meaning of words is best understood as their use within a given language-game. A survey among American university and college teachers ranked the Investigations as the most important book of 20th-century philosophy, standing out as "the one crossover masterpiece in twentieth-century philosophy, appealing across diverse specializations and philosophical orientations." The Investigations also ranked 54th on a list of most influential twentieth-century works in cognitive science prepared by the University of Minnesota's Center for Cognitive Sciences. However, in the words of his friend Georg Henrik von Wright, he believed "his ideas were generally misunderstood and distorted even by those who professed to be his disciples. He doubted he would be better understood in the future. He once said he felt as though he was writing for people who would think in a different way, breathe a different air of life, from that of present-day men." (from naver.com µÎ»ê¹é°ú wikipedia.org, ³ª¹«À§Å°, Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó, ** Selected & Recommended Youtube Videos are shown. **) Cambridge, Crossover, Cognitive, influence(+) ~ (PIG: time-variant) Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C+
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