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µµ´ÏüƼ-Gaetano Donizetti, ÀÛ°î°¡, Italy | ||
°¡¿¡Å¸³ë µµ´ÏüƼ [Gaetano Donizetti] [Ãâ»ý-»ç¸Á] 1797³â 11¿ù 29ÀÏ ~ 1848³â 4¿ù 8ÀÏ (50¼¼) [19ºÐ] [25ºÐ] [±¹Àû] ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ [Ȱµ¿ºÐ¾ß] ¿¹¼ú [Ãâ»ýÁö] ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ º£¸£°¡¸ð [Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó] [ÁÖ¿äÀÛǰ] ¡¶»ç¶ûÀÇ ¹¦¾à¡·¡¶¿¬´ë(Ö¤Óé)ÀÇ ¾Æ°¡¾¾¡·¡¶ÆÄº¸¸®Åס· [¿ä¾à] 19¼¼±â ÃÊ ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¿ÀÆä¶óºÎÆÄ¿¡¼ ¿ÀÆä¶ó¼¼¸®¾Æ·ÎÀÇ ÀüȯÁ¡¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ°î°¡·Î ±×ÀÇ ¿ÀÆä¶ó´Â ¿ÀÆä¶óºÎÆÄ¿¡¼ ¿ÀÆä¶ó¼¼¸®¾ÆÀÇ °ÉÀÛ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö Æø³ÐÀº ³»¿ëÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÃʱâÀÇ ÀÛǰÀ» »©¸é À¯Ã¢ÇÏ°í ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¼±À²°ú ÀûÀýÇÑ ±ØÀû È¿°ú¸¦ Áö³æ°í ÀÌ´Â ºó¾àÇÑ °üÇö¾Ç¹ý°ú ´ëº»ÀÇ Æò¹üÇÔÀ» º¸¿ÏÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ------------------------------------------ º£¸£°¡¸ð Ãâ»ý. º£¸£°¡¸ðÀÇ À½¾ÇÇб³¿Í º¼·Î³ÄÀÇ À½¾Ç¿ø¿¡¼ °øºÎÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, ±×¸¦ ¹ý·ü°¡·Î Ű¿ì·Á´ø ºÎÄ£°úÀÇ ºÒÈ·Î ±º¿¡ ÀÔ´ëÇÏ¿© 1818³â ±ºÀÎ ½ÅºÐÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ¡¶º¼·Î³ÄÀÇ ¿£¸®ÄÚ¡·°¡ È£ÆòÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ÀÛ°î°¡ÀÇ ±æÀ» °È°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. Ãâ¼¼ÀÛÀÌ µÈ °ÍÀº 1830³â¿¡ ÀÛ°îÇÑ ¡¶¾Æ³ª º¼·¹³ª¡·À̸ç, ÀÌ ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ±×´Â ¼¼»ó¿¡ ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1835³â ÆÄ¸®·Î ³ª°¡ ¿ÀÆä¶ó ÀÛ°¡·Î¼ÀÇ ±â¹ÝÀ» ±»È÷°í 1840³â ÀüÈÄ´Â ±×ÀÇ Ã¢ÀÛ·ÂÀÌ °¡Àå ¿Õ¼ºÇß´ø ½Ã±â¿´À¸³ª, 1845³â µÎÅë¿¡¼ ºñ·ÔµÈ ½Åü ¸¶ºñ»óÅ¿¡ ºüÁ®, ȸº¹ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ Ã¤ °íÇâ º£¸£°¡¸ð¿¡¼ »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù. 19¼¼±â ÃÊ ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¿ÀÆä¶ó´Â ¿ÀÆä¶óºÎÆÄ¿¡¼ ¿ÀÆä¶ó¼¼¸®¾Æ·ÎÀÇ Àüȯ±â¿´À¸¸ç, ±×´Â ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ÀüȯÁ¡¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ°î°¡¿´´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ±×ÀÇ ¿ÀÆä¶ó´Â ¿ÀÆä¶óºÎÆÄÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ²ÉÀ̶ó°íµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¡¶»ç¶ûÀÇ ¹¦¾à¡·°ú ¡¶¿¬´ë(Ö¤Óé)ÀÇ ¾Æ°¡¾¾¡·¡¤¡¶µ· ÆÄ½ºÄå·¹¡··ÎºÎÅÍ ¡¶¶ó¸Þ¸£¹«¾îÀÇ ·çÄ¡¾Æ¡·¡¤¡¶ÆÄº¸¸®Åס·¿Í °°Àº ¿ÀÆä¶ó¼¼¸®¾ÆÀÇ °ÉÀÛ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö Æø³ÐÀº ³»¿ëÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. [Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó] ±×ÀÇ ÀÛǰÀº ·Î½Ã´ÏÀÇ ¸ð¹æÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃʱâÀÇ ÀÛǰÀ» »©¸é, À¯Ã¢ÇÏ°í ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¼±À²°ú ÀûÀýÇÑ ±ØÀû È¿°ú¿¡ Ư¡ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ·± Á¡Àº ºó¾àÇÑ °üÇö¾Ç¹ý°ú ´ëº»ÀÇ Æò¹üÇÔÀ» º¸¿ÏÇØ ÁØ´Ù. [Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó] ----------------------------------------- µµ¸Þ´ÏÄÚ °¡¿¡Å¸³ë ¸¶¸®¾Æ µµ´ÏüƼ (Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti, 1797³â 11¿ù 29ÀÏ, ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ ·Ò¹Ù¸£µð¾Æ, º£¸£°¡¸ð ~ 1848³â 4¿ù 8ÀÏ º£¸£°¡¸ð) ´Â ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¿ÀÆä¶ó ÀÛ°î°¡ÀÌ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î´Â ¡¶¶÷¸Þ¸£¹«¾îÀÇ ·çÄ¡¾Æ¡·, ¡¶»ç¶ûÀÇ ¹¦¾à¡·ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. [Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó] µµ´ÏüƼ´Â ºóþÃÊ º§¸®´Ï, Á¶¾ÆÅ°³ë ·Î½Ã´Ï¿Í ÇÔ²² 19¼¼±â Àü¹Ý º§ÄÅä ¿ÀÆä¶ó¸¦ ÁÖµµÇÏ¿´´Ù. [»ý¾Ö] µµ´ÏüƼ´Â 1797³â º£¸£°¡¸ð¿¡¼ À½¾Ç°ú ÀüÇô »ó°ü¾ø´Â °¡³ÇÑ Áý¾ÈÀÇ ¾Æµé·Î ž´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ¸¶À» Àü´çÆ÷ÀÇ °ü¸®ÀÎÀ̸ç, µµ´ÏüƼ´Â ¼¼ ¾Æµé Áß ¸·³»¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª µµ´ÏüƼ´Â º£¸£°¡¸ð¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â °¡Å縯 ±³È¸ÀÇ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ ÁÒ¹Ý´Ï ½Ã¸ð³× ¸¶À̸£¿¡°Ô¼ À½¾Ç ¼ö¾÷À» µè±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. º¼·Î³Ä À½¾Ç¿ø¿¡¼ ·Î½Ã´ÏÀÇ ÈĹèÀ̸ç, óÀ½¿¡´Â ·Î½Ã´ÏÀÇ ¸ð¹æ¿¡ ±×Ä¡°í ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª, ·Î½Ã´Ï°¡ ¿ÀÆä¶ó âÀÛÀÇ º×À» ³õÀº µÚºÎÅÍ µÎ°¢À» ³ªÅ¸³»°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ÀÇÇâ¿¡ ¹ÝÇÏ¿© À½¾Ç°¡¸¦ Áö¸ÁÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ »ýȰÀ» À§ÇØ ±º¿¡ ÀÔ´ëÇÏ¿´°í, ±º¹«ÀÇ Æ´À» Ÿ ¿ÀÆä¶ó ÀÛ°î¿¡ Èû½è´Ù. 1823³â 25¼¼·Î Á¦´ë, ¿ÀÆä¶ó ÀÛ°î°¡·Î¼ ÀÔ½ÅÇÏ¿© ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ °¢Áö¿¡¼ ÇØ¸¶´Ù »õ ÀÛǰÀ» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿© Á¡Â÷ ÁöÀ§¸¦ ±»Çû´Ù. ·Î½Ã´Ï ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ¼ÓÇÊÀ̸ç, ·Î½Ã´Ï°¡ <¼¼ºñ¾ßÀÇ À̹߻ç>¸¦ ¾²´Â µ¥ 13Àϰ£À̳ª °É·È´Ù´Ï Á¤¸» °ÔÀ¸¸§ÀïÀ̶ó°í Çß´Ù´Â À̾߱Ⱑ ÀüÇØÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. [Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó] 1830³â´ë¿¡ µé¾î¼ ±â¹ýÀº ¿ø¼÷ÇÏ¿© ¿ÀÆä¶ó ºÎÆÄ·Î´Â <»ç¶ûÀÇ ¹¦¾à>(1832), <¿¬´ëÀÇ µþ>(1840), <µ· ÆÄ½ºÄå·¹>(1843) µîÀ» ³»³õ¾Ò°í ÇÑÆí ¿ÀÆä¶ó ¼¼¸®¾Æ·Î´Â <·çÅ©·¹Ä¡¾Æ º¸¸£Áö¾Æ>(1834), <¶÷¸Þ¸£¹«¾îÀÇ ·çÄ¡¾Æ>(1835) µîÀ» ³²°å´Ù. [Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó] ºóÀ̳ª ÆÄ¸®¿¡¼µµ Ȱ¾àÇßÁö¸¸ 1845³â°æºÎÅÍ ½Å°æ¼º ¸¶ºñ·Î °íÇâÀÎ º£¸£°¡¸ð·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Í 1848³â 4¿ù 8ÀÏ 50¼¼·Î ¼¼»óÀ» ¶°³µ´Ù. µµ´ÏüƼÀÇ ¿ÀÆä¶ó´Â ¸í°¡¼ö°¡ ¹èÃâµÈ ½Ã´ë¿¡ ÀÛ°îµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¼º¾ÇÀÇ ±â±³¸¦ °ú½ÃÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´«¿¡ ¶ç¸ç ±×°ÍÀº ¿¹ÄÁ´ë <·çÄ¡¾Æ>ÀÇ À¯¸íÇÑ <±¤¶õÀÇ Àå>¿¡¼ ÀüÇüÀ» º¼ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. [Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó] ÇÑÆí <»ç¶ûÀÇ ¹¦¾à>¿¡¼ º¸´Â ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ À¯·Á °¨¹Ì·Î¿î ¸á·ÎµðÀÇ Ã¢ÀÛ¿¡µµ ¶Ù¾î³µ´Ù. ¾î·µç µµ´ÏüƼÀÇ ±Ã±ØÀû ¸ñÀûÀº °¡¼öÀÇ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ¹ßÈÖÇÏ´À³Ä ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÇ Å½±¸¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. [ÀÛǰ] 75°³ÀÇ ¿ÀÆä¶ó, 16°³ÀÇ ±³Çâ°î, 19°³ÀÇ Çö¾Ç »çÁßÁÖ, 193°³ÀÇ ³ë·¡, 45°³ÀÇ µà¿§, 3°³ÀÇ ¿À¶óÅ丮¿À, ±â¾Ç ÇùÁÖ°î, ¼Ò³ªÅ¸, ±âŸ ½Ç³»¾ÇµîÀÇ ÀÛǰÀ» ÀÛ°îÇß´Ù. [ÁÖ¿ä ¿ÀÆä¶ó] ¡¶Çà¿îÀÇ ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö¡·(1823) ¡¶¾È³ª º¼·¹³ª¡·(1830) ¡¶»ç¶ûÀÇ ¹¦¾à¡·(1832) ¡¶·çÅ©·¹Ä¡¾Æ º¸¸£Áö¾Æ¡·(1833) ¡¶¸¶¸®¾Æ ½ºÅõ¾Æ¸£´Ù¡·(1834) ¡¶¸¶¸®³ë ÆÈ¸®¿¡·Î¡·(1835) [Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó] ¡¶¶÷¸Þ¸£¹«¾îÀÇ ·çÄ¡¾Æ¡· ¡¶ÃÊÀÎÁ¾¡·(1836) ¡¶·Îº£¸£Åä µ¥ºê·Ú¡·(1837) ¡¶Æú¸®¿ìÅä¡·(1838) ¡¶¾Ë¹Ù °øÀÛ¡·(1839) ¡¶¿¬´ëÀÇ µþ¡·(1840) ¡¶¸®Å¸¡·(1841) ¡¶»þ¹«´ÏÀÇ ¸°´Ù¡·(1842) ¡¶µ· ÆÄ½ºÄå·¹¡·(1842) [Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó] ====================================== Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797 ~ 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer. Along with Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini, Donizetti was a leading composer of the bel canto opera style during the first half of the nineteenth century. Donizetti's close association with the bel canto style was undoubtedly an influence on other composers such as Giuseppe Verdi (1813~1901). [Recommended Youtube Video] Donizetti was born in Bergamo in Lombardy. Although he did not come from a musical background, at an early age he was taken under the wing of composer Simon Mayr who had enrolled him by means of a full scholarship in a school which he had set up. There he received detailed training in the arts of fugue and counterpoint. Mayr was also instrumental in obtaining a place for the young man at the Bologna Academy, where, at the age of 19, he wrote his first one-act opera, the comedy Il Pigmalione, which may not have ever been performed during his lifetime. [Recommended Youtube Video] Over the course of his career, Donizetti wrote almost 70 operas. An offer in 1822 from Domenico Barbaja, the impresario of the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, which followed the composer's ninth opera, led to his move to that city and his residency there which lasted until the production of Caterina Cornaro in January 1844. In all, Naples presented 51 of Donizetti's operas. Before 1830, success came primarily with his comic operas, the serious ones failing to attract significant audiences. However, his first notable success came with an opera seria, Zoraida di Granata, which was presented in 1822 in Rome. In 1830, when Anna Bolena was premiered, Donizetti made a major impact on the Italian and international opera scene and this shifted the balance of success away from primarily comedic operas, although even after that date, his best-known works included comedies such as L'elisir d'amore (1832) and Don Pasquale (1843). Significant historical dramas did appear and became successful; they included Lucia di Lammermoor (the first to have a libretto written by Salvadore Cammarano) given in Naples in 1835, and one of the most successful Neapolitan operas, Roberto Devereux in 1837. Up to that point, all of his operas had been set to Italian libretti. Donizetti found himself increasingly chafing against the censorial limitations which existed in Italy (and especially in Naples). From about 1836, he became interested in working in Paris, where he saw much greater freedom to choose subject matter, in addition to receiving larger fees and greater prestige. From 1838 onward, with an offer from the Paris Opera for two new works, he spent a considerable period of the following ten years in that city, and set several operas to French texts as well as overseeing staging of his Italian works. The first opera was a French version of the then-unperformed Poliuto which, in April 1840, was revised to become Les martyrs. Two new operas were also given in Paris at that time. [Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó] As the 1840s progressed, Donizetti moved regularly between Naples, Rome, Paris, and Vienna continuing to compose and stage his own operas as well as those of other composers. But from around 1843, severe illness began to take hold and to limit his activities. Eventually, by early 1846 he was obliged to be confined to an institution for the mentally ill and, by late 1847, friends had him moved back to Bergamo, where he died in April 1848. (from naver.com ³×À̹ö Áö½Ä¹é°ú µÎ»ê¹é°ú wikipedia.org) Composer, Classic, influence(+) ~ (PIG: time-variant) Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C+
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