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µµ´ÏüƼ-Gaetano Donizetti, ÀÛ°î°¡, Italy | ||
°¡¿¡Å¸³ë µµ´ÏüƼ [Gaetano Donizetti] [Ãâ»ý] 1797³â 11¿ù 29ÀÏ ±³È²·É ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ °øȱ¹ º£¸£°¡¸ð [ÀÌŸ® º£¸£°¡¸ð ¿©Çà] [»ç¸Á] 1848³â 4¿ù 8ÀÏ (50¼¼) ·Ò¹Ù¸£µð¾Æ-º£³×Ä¡¾Æ ¿Õ±¹ º£¸£°¡¸ð [±¹Àû] ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ [ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ ¿©Çà] [È°µ¿ºÐ¾ß] ¿¹¼ú [ÁÖ¿äÀÛÇ°] ¡¶»ç¶ûÀÇ ¹¦¾à¡·¡¶¿¬´ë(Ö¤Óé)ÀÇ ¾Æ°¡¾¾¡·¡¶Æ常®Åס· [¿ä¾à] 19¼¼±â ÃÊ ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¿ÀÆä¶óºÎÆÄ¿¡¼ ¿ÀÆä¶ó¼¼¸®¾Æ·ÎÀÇ ÀüȯÁ¡¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ°î°¡·Î ±×ÀÇ ¿ÀÆä¶ó´Â ¿ÀÆä¶ó ºÎÆÄ¿¡¼ ¿ÀÆä¶ó ¼¼¸®¾ÆÀÇ °ÉÀÛ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö Æø³ÐÀº ³»¿ëÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÃʱâÀÇ ÀÛÇ°À» »©¸é À¯Ã¢ÇÏ°í ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¼±À²°ú ÀûÀýÇÑ ±ØÀû È¿°ú¸¦ Áö³æ°í ÀÌ´Â ºó¾àÇÑ °üÇö¾Ç¹ý°ú ´ëº»ÀÇ Æò¹üÇÔÀ» º¸¿ÏÇØ ÁØ´Ù. º£¸£°¡¸ð Ãâ»ýÀÌ´Ù. [ÀÌŸ® º£¸£°¡¸ð] º£¸£°¡¸ðÀÇ À½¾ÇÇб³¿Í º¼·Î³ÄÀÇ À½¾Ç¿ø¿¡¼ °øºÎÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, [ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ º¼·Î³Ä ¿©Çà] ±×¸¦ ¹ý·ü°¡·Î Å°¿ì·Á´ø ºÎÄ£°úÀÇ ºÒÈ·Î ±º¿¡ ÀÔ´ëÇÏ¿© 1818³â ±ºÀÎ ½ÅºÐÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ¡¶º¼·Î³ÄÀÇ ¿£¸®ÄÚ¡·°¡ È£ÆòÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ÀÛ°î°¡ÀÇ ±æÀ» °È°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. 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ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼ ±×´Â ÀÛ°î°¡·Î¼ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ°ú Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ´ÙÇÏ·Á´Â ¸ð½ÀÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ¶§·Î´Â Àΰ£ÀûÀÎ ¾àÁ¡À» µå·¯³»±âµµ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼, B(¿ì¼ö) Á¤µµÀÇ µî±ÞÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. [ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ] [¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ÀǽÄÁöµµ ¼öÄ¡ Æò°¡´Â ´Ü¼ø Àç¹Ì·Î¸¸ ÂüÁ¶ ¹Ù¶÷] (from https://gemini.google.com) Á¤½Å°ú ÀÇ»ç µ¥À̺ñµå ȣŲ½ºÀÇ 'ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ Map of Consciousness' ¿¡¼ 1¿¡¼ 1000±îÁö ¼öÄ¡·Î Æò°¡ÇßÀ»¶§, ÀÛ°î°¡ °¡¿¡Å¸³ë µµ´ÏüƼ(Gaetano Donizetti, ÀÛ°î°¡, Italy)ÀÇ ÀǽÄÁöµµ ¼öÄ¡°ªÀº ? µ¥À̺ñµå ȣŲ½ºÀÇ Àú¼ 'ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ'¿¡¼ °¡¿¡Å¸³ë µµ´ÏüƼÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ ¼öÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¾ð±ÞÀº ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°°ú ÇàÀû, ±×¸®°í ȣŲ½ºÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ ¸ðµ¨À» Á¾ÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î °í·ÁÇÏ¿© ±×ÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä ¼öÄ¡¸¦ ÃßÁ¤Çغ¼ ¼ö´Â ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 1. µµ´ÏüƼÀÇ ÀÛÇ°°ú ÇàÀû¿¡¼ µå·¯³ª´Â ÀÇ½Ä ¼öÁØ: ¶Ù¾î³ À½¾ÇÀû Àç´É: µµ´ÏüƼ´Â 65°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¿ÀÆä¶ó¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¹æ´ëÇÑ ¾çÀÇ À½¾Ç ÀÛÇ°À» ³²°åÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°Àº ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¼±À²°ú ¶Ù¾î³ ±ØÀûÀΠǥÇö·ÂÀ¸·Î À¯¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À̴ Ÿ°í³ À½¾ÇÀû Àç´É°ú ¶Ù¾î³ À½¾ÇÀû Ç¥Çö·Â, Áï ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ Ã¢ÀǼº°ú ¿¹¼úÀû °¨°¢À» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀÛÇ° ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ: µµ´ÏüƼ´Â ¼Á¤ÀûÀÎ ÀÛÇ°ºÎÅÍ ÄÚ¹ÍÇÑ ÀÛÇ°±îÁö ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀÛÇ° ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀ» ¼±º¸¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÌ´Â ±×ÀÇ À½¾ÇÀû Ç¥Çö·ÂÀÇ ÆøÀÌ ³Ð´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ °¨Á¤À» ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ´É·Â, Áï ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ °¨Á¤ Áö´ÉÀ» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. »çȸÀû ¼º°ø: µµ´ÏüƼ´Â ´ç´ë À¯·´¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¼º°øÇÑ ¿ÀÆä¶ó ÀÛ°î°¡ Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°Àº Àü À¯·´¿¡¼ »ç¶û¹Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àç´ÉÀ» ÅëÇØ »çȸ¿¡¼ ¼º°øÀ» °ÅµÐ ´É·Â, Áï ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ ÀÚ±â È¿´É°¨À» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. 2. ȣŲ½ºÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ ¸ðµ¨°úÀÇ ºñ±³: ȣŲ½ºÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ ¸ðµ¨¿¡¼ 500 ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼öÄ¡´Â '¿µÀû ±ú´ÞÀ½'ÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀ¸·Î, ŸÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ±íÀº »ç¶û°ú ¿¬¹Î, ±×¸®°í ¿ìÁÖÀÇ º»Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅëÂû·ÂÀ» Áö´Ñ ¼öÁØÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µµ´ÏüƼÀÇ ÀÛÇ°Àº Àΰ£ÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ °¨Á¤À» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í »çȸÀû ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±×ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°°ú ÇàÀû¿¡¼ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ÀǹÌÀÇ ¿µÀû ±ú´ÞÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ¸íÈ®ÇÑ Áõ°Å´Â ã±â ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. 3. ÃßÁ¤ ÀÇ½Ä ¼öÄ¡: À§ÀÇ »çÇ×µéÀ» Á¾ÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î °í·ÁÇÒ ¶§, µµ´ÏüƼÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä ¼öÄ¡´Â 400~500 »çÀÌ·Î ÃßÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Ã¢ÀǼº, ¿¹¼úÀû °¨°¢, °¨Á¤ Áö´É, ÀÚ±â È¿´É°¨ µîÀ» °í·ÁÇßÀ» ¶§, ÀÌ ¼öÄ¡°¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏ´Ù°í ÆǴܵ˴ϴÙ. 4. Âü°í »çÇ×: ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ´Â °³ÀÎÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä ¼öÁØÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â µµ±¸ÀÌÁö¸¸, Àý´ëÀûÀÎ ±âÁØÀº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. µµ´ÏüƼÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä ¼öÄ¡´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ °üÁ¡¿¡¼ Çؼ®µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°°ú ÇàÀû¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Çؼ®ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ´äº¯Àº µ¥À̺ñµå ȣŲ½ºÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ ¸ðµ¨°ú µµ´ÏüƼÀÇ ÀÛÇ° ¹× ÇàÀû¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÐ¼®À» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¼ºµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, °³ÀÎÀÇ ÆÇ´Ü¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. [ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ] ====================================== Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797 ~ 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer. Along with Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini, Donizetti was a leading composer of the bel canto opera style during the first half of the nineteenth century. Donizetti's close association with the bel canto style was undoubtedly an influence on other composers such as Giuseppe Verdi (1813~1901). Donizetti was born in Bergamo in Lombardy. Although he did not come from a musical background, at an early age he was taken under the wing of composer Simon Mayr who had enrolled him by means of a full scholarship in a school which he had set up. There he received detailed training in the arts of fugue and counterpoint. Mayr was also instrumental in obtaining a place for the young man at the Bologna Academy, where, at the age of 19, he wrote his first one-act opera, the comedy Il Pigmalione, which may not have ever been performed during his lifetime. Over the course of his career, Donizetti wrote almost 70 operas. An offer in 1822 from Domenico Barbaja, the impresario of the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, which followed the composer's ninth opera, led to his move to that city and his residency there which lasted until the production of Caterina Cornaro in January 1844. In all, Naples presented 51 of Donizetti's operas. Before 1830, success came primarily with his comic operas, the serious ones failing to attract significant audiences. However, his first notable success came with an opera seria, Zoraida di Granata, which was presented in 1822 in Rome. In 1830, when Anna Bolena was premiered, Donizetti made a major impact on the Italian and international opera scene and this shifted the balance of success away from primarily comedic operas, although even after that date, his best-known works included comedies such as L'elisir d'amore (1832) and Don Pasquale (1843). Significant historical dramas did appear and became successful; they included Lucia di Lammermoor (the first to have a libretto written by Salvadore Cammarano) given in Naples in 1835, and one of the most successful Neapolitan operas, Roberto Devereux in 1837. Up to that point, all of his operas had been set to Italian libretti. Donizetti found himself increasingly chafing against the censorial limitations which existed in Italy (and especially in Naples). From about 1836, he became interested in working in Paris, where he saw much greater freedom to choose subject matter, in addition to receiving larger fees and greater prestige. From 1838 onward, with an offer from the Paris Opera for two new works, he spent a considerable period of the following ten years in that city, and set several operas to French texts as well as overseeing staging of his Italian works. The first opera was a French version of the then-unperformed Poliuto which, in April 1840, was revised to become Les martyrs. Two new operas were also given in Paris at that time. As the 1840s progressed, Donizetti moved regularly between Naples, Rome, Paris, and Vienna continuing to compose and stage his own operas as well as those of other composers. But from around 1843, severe illness began to take hold and to limit his activities. Eventually, by early 1846 he was obliged to be confined to an institution for the mentally ill and, by late 1847, friends had him moved back to Bergamo, where he died in April 1848. (from naver.com ³×À̹ö Áö½Ä¹é°ú µÎ»ê¹é°ú wikipedia.org) [Map of Consciousness] Composer, Classic, influence(+) ~ (PIG: time-variant) Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C++(MoC: Map of Consciousness) ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ MoC(ÀÇ½Ä ¼öÁØ): 400~500
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