Name ¸®Ä¡ Dennis Ritchie
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¸®Ä¡-Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie, Àü»êÇÐÀÚ, USA
µ¥´Ï½º ¸Å͏®½ºÅ×¾î ¸®Ä¡
(Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie), °øÇбâ¼úÀÚ

Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie, Àü»êÇÐÀÚ


[Ãâ»ý-»ç¸Á] 1941³â 9¿ù 9ÀÏ, ¹Ì±¹ -
2011³â 10¿ù 12ÀÏ (70¼¼)

[Çз»çÇ×]
ÇϹöµå´ëÇб³ ´ëÇпø ¹Ú»ç
~ 1967 ÇϹöµå´ëÇб³ ¹°¸®ÇÐ, ÀÀ¿ë¼öÇÐ Çлç


[°æ·Â»çÇ×]
~ 2007 ¹Ì±¹ ·ç½¼Æ® Å×Å©³î·¯Áö½º ½Ã½ºÅÛ¼ÒÇÁÆ®
¿þ¾î ¿¬±¸ºÎ ºÎÀå
¹Ì±¹ º§¿¬±¸¼Ò ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¬±¸¼¾ÅÍ ¿¬±¸¿ø

[¼ö»ó³»¿ª]
1998 ±¹¸³±â¼úÇõ½Å¸Þ´Þ
1983 Æ©¸µ»ó


---------------------------------------
[Ãâ»ý] 1941³â 9¿ù 9ÀÏ
¹Ì±¹ ´º¿å ºê·Õ½ººô
[»ç¸Á] 2011³â 10¿ù 12ÀÏ (70¼¼)
¹Ì±¹ ´ºÀúÁö ¹öŬ¸® ÇìÀÌÃ÷
[±¹Àû] ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ
[ºÐ¾ß] ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ °úÇÐ
[¼Ò¼Ó]
·ç½¼Æ® Å×Å©³î·ÎÁö
º§ ¿¬±¸¼Ò
[Ãâ½Å ´ëÇÐ]
ÇϹöµå ´ëÇб³ (Ph.D., 1968)


[ÁÖ¿ä ¾÷Àû]
¾ËÆ®¶õ
B (ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö ¾ð¾î)
BCPL
C (ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö ¾ð¾î)
¸Öƽ½º
À¯´Ð½º

[¼ö»ó]
Æ©¸µ»ó (1983)
¹Ì±¹ ±¹°¡ ±â¼úÇõ½Å ¸Þ´Þ (1998)
IEEE ¸®Ã³µå W. ÇØ¹Ö ¸Þ´Þ (1990)
ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ÆÄÀÌ¿À´Ï¾î »ó (1994)
ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¿ª»ç¹Ú¹°°ü Fellow (1997)[1]
Çì·²µå Ææ´õ »ó (2003)
ÀϺ»±¹Á¦»ó (2011)


----------------------------------------
µ¥´Ï½º ¸Å͏®½ºÅ×¾î ¸®Ä¡
(Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie)
(1941³â 9¿ù 9ÀÏ ~ 2011³â 10¿ù 12ÀÏ)
C¿Í À¯´Ð½º¸¦ °³¹ßÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î À¯¸íÇÑ Àü»êÇÐÀÚÀÌ
ÀÚ Çö´ë ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ¼±±¸ÀÚÀÌ´Ù.

[»ý¾Ö]
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ´º¿å, ºê·Õ½ººô(Bronxville)¿¡¼­ ÅÂ
¾î³µÀ¸¸ç. ÇϹöµå ´ëÇб³¿¡¼­ ¹°¸®Çаú ÀÀ
¿ë¼öÇÐ ÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¾ò¾ú´Ù(1967). 1968³âºÎÅÍ
º§ ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¿¬±¸ ¼¾ÅÍ¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇßÀ¸
¸ç, ·ç½¼Æ® Å×Å©³î·ÎÁö½ºÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®
¿þ¾î ¿¬±¸ºÎÀåÀ¸·Î 2007³âµµ¿¡ ÀºÅðÇß´Ù.

¹Ì±¹½Ã°¢À¸·Î 2011³â 10¿ù 12ÀÏ, ±×´Â Ȧ
·Î »ì°í ÀÖ´ø ¹öŬ¸®ÇÏÀÌÃ÷ÀÇ ÀÚÅÿ¡¼­ »ç
¸ÁÇÑ Ã¤·Î ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù (Çâ³â 71¼¼).


[¾÷Àû]
ÄË Åè½¼(Ken Thompson) µî°ú ÇÔ²² ÃÖÃÊÀÇ
À¯´Ð½º(Unix) ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °³¹ßÇß°í, 1971³â
ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¡´Unix Programmer's Manual¡µÀ» ½è
´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ C ¾ð¾î¸¦ °³¹ßÇÑ ÈÄ ºê¶óÀ̾ð Ä¿
´ÏÇÚ°ú ÇÔ²² ¡´C ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö ¾ð¾î¡µ(The C
Programming Language)¸¦ ±â¼úÇß´Ù. Ä¿´ÏÇÚ
°ú ¡´C ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö ¾ð¾î¡µÃ¥À» ½è±â¿¡ Ä¿´Ï
ÇÚÀÌ C ¾ð¾î °³¹ß¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î Á¾Á¾ ¿À
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¾î °³¹ß¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.

±×´Â ALTRAN, B¾ð¾î, BCPL, Multics µîÀÇ
°³¹ß¿¡µµ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä£ °ÍÀ¸·Îµµ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ
´Ù.


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¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ø·Î"·Î Æ©¸µ»óÀ» ¼ö»óÇß´Ù.

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±×ÀÇ ¾÷ÀûÀ» Æò°¡Çß´Ù. ÇöÀç ¾ÖÇà ¸ÅŲ
Åä½ÃÀÇ OS X¿Í ¾ÆÀÌÆùÀÇ iOS´Â ¸ðµÎ À¯´Ð
½º ¿î¿µ üÁ¦¸¦ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.

[Àú¼­]
¡´C ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö ¾ð¾î¡µ (The C Programming
Language) (1978³â ºê¶óÀ̾ð Ä¿´ÏÇÚ°ú °øÀú)
¡´Unix Programmer's Manual¡µ (1971³â)


----------------------------------------
Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie

[Born] September 9, 1941
Bronxville, New York, U.S.

[Died] c. October 12, 2011 (aged 70)
Berkeley Heights, New Jersey, U.S.

[Nationality] American

[Fields] Computer science

[Institutions]
Lucent Technologies
Bell Labs

[Alma mater]
Harvard University (Ph.D., 1968)

[Known for]
ALTRAN
B
BCPL
C
Multics
Unix

[Notable awards]
Turing Award (1983)
National Medal of Technology (1998)
IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal (1990)
Computer Pioneer Award (1994)
Computer History Museum Fellow (1997)
Harold Pender Award (2003)
Japan Prize


--------------------------------------
Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie (September
9, 1941 – c. October 12, 2011)
was an American computer
scientist. He created the C
programming language and, with long-
time colleague Ken Thompson, the Unix
operating system. Ritchie and
Thompson received the Turing Award from
the ACM in 1983, the Hamming Medal from
the IEEE in 1990 and the National Medal
of Technology from President Clinton in
1999. Ritchie was the head of Lucent
Technologies System Software Research
Department when he retired in 2007. He
was the "R" in K&R C, and commonly
known by his username dmr.

[Personal life]
Ritchie was born in Bronxville, New
York. His father was Alistair E.
Ritchie, a longtime Bell Labs scientist
and co-author of The Design of
Switching Circuits on switching circuit
theory. He moved with his family to
Summit, New Jersey, as a child, where
he graduated from Summit High School.
He graduated from Harvard
University with degrees in physics and
applied mathematics.

[Career]
Version 7 Unix for the PDP-11,
including Dennis Ritchie's home
directory: /usr/dmr
In 1967, Ritchie began working at the
Bell Labs Computing Sciences Research
Center, and in 1968, he defended his
PhD thesis on "Program Structure and
Computational Complexity" at Harvard
under the supervision of Patrick C.
Fischer. However, Ritchie never
officially received his PhD degree.

Ritchie was best known as the creator
of the C programming language, a key
developer of the Unix operating system,
and co-author of the book The C
Programming Language, and was the 'R'
in K&R (a common reference to the
book's authors Kernighan and Ritchie).
Ritchie worked together with Ken
Thompson, the scientist credited with
writing the original Unix; one of
Ritchie's most important contributions
to Unix was its porting to different
machines and platforms. They were so
influential on Research Unix that Doug
McIlroy later wrote, "The names of
Ritchie and Thompson may safely be
assumed to be attached to almost
everything not otherwise attributed."

The C language is widely used today in
application, operating system, and
embedded system development, and its
influence is seen in most modern
programming languages. Unix has also
been influential, establishing concepts
and principles that are now precepts of
computing.

Ritchie has described a 1970s
collaboration with James Reeds and
Robert Morris on a ciphertext-only
attack on the M-209 US cipher machine
that could solve messages of at least
2000–2500 letters. Ritchie
relates that, after discussions with
the NSA, the authors decided not to
publish it, as they were told the
principle was applicable to machines
then still in use by foreign
governments.

[Views on computing]
In an interview from 1999, Dennis
Ritchie clarifies that he sees Linux
and BSD operating systems as a
continuation of the basis of the Unix
operating system, and as derivatives of
Unix:

I think the Linux phenomenon is quite
delightful, because it draws so
strongly on the basis that Unix
provided. Linux seems to be among the
healthiest of the direct Unix
derivatives, though there are also the
various BSD systems as well as the more
official offerings from the workstation
and mainframe manufacturers.

In the same interview, he states that
he views both Unix and Linux as "the
continuation of ideas that were started
by Ken and me and many others, many
years ago."

[Awards]
In 1983, Ritchie and Thompson received
the Turing Award for their development
of generic operating systems theory and
specifically for the implementation of
the UNIX operating system. Ritchie's
Turing Award lecture was
titled "Reflections on Software
Research". In 1990, both Ritchie
and Thompson received the IEEE Richard
W. Hamming Medal from the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE), "for the origination of the
UNIX operating system and the C
programming language".

In 1997, both Ritchie and Thompson were
made Fellows of the Computer History
Museum, "for co-creation of the UNIX
operating system, and for development
of the C programming language."

On April 21, 1999, Thompson and Ritchie
jointly received the National Medal of
Technology of 1998 from President Bill
Clinton for co-inventing the UNIX
operating system and the C programming
language which, according to the
citation for the medal, "led to
enormous advances in computer hardware,
software, and networking systems and
stimulated growth of an entire
industry, thereby enhancing American
leadership in the Information Age".

In 2005, the Industrial Research
Institute awarded Ritchie with its
Achievement Award in recognition of his
contribution to science and technology,
and to society generally, with his
development of the Unix operating
system.

In 2011, Ritchie, along with Thompson,
was awarded the Japan Prize for
Information and Communications for his
work in the development of the Unix
operating system.

[Death and legacy]
Dennis Ritchie with Doug McIlroy
(left) in May 2011
Ritchie was found dead on October 12,
2011, at the age of 70 at his home in
Berkeley Heights, New Jersey, where he
lived alone. First news of his death
came from his former colleague, Rob
Pike. The cause and exact time of
death have not been disclosed. He
had been in frail health for several
years following treatment for prostate
cancer and heart disease.
His death came a week after the death
of Steve Jobs but did not receive as
much media coverage.
Following Ritchie's death, computer
historian Paul E. Ceruzzi stated:

Ritchie was under the radar. His name
was not a household name at all, but...
if you had a microscope and could look
in a computer, you'd see his work
everywhere inside.

In an interview shortly after Ritchie's
death, long time colleague Brian
Kernighan said Ritchie never expected C
to be so significant. Kernighan
reminded readers of how important a
role C and UNIX had played in the
development of later high-profile
projects, such as the iPhone.
Other testimonials to his influence
followed.

The Fedora 16 Linux distribution, which
was released about a month after he
died, was dedicated to his memory.
FreeBSD 9.0, released January 12, 2012
was also dedicated in his memory.

(from naver.com wikipedia.org)


Create C language & Unix,Computer scientist,Clinton,influence(++) ~
(PIG: time-variant)

Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C++


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