CCG ÄÉÀÌ-Alan Curtis Kay
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ÄÉÀÌ-Alan Curtis Kay, Computer Scientist, USA
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[Ãâ»ý] ¾Ù·± ĿƼ½º ÄÉÀÌ
1940³â 5¿ù 17ÀÏ
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UCLA
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MIT
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¾Ù·± ĿƼ½º ÄÉÀÌ(Alan Curtis Kay, 1940³â 5¿ù 17ÀÏ ~ )´Â
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Àü»êÇÐÀÚÀÌ´Ù.

°´Ã¼ ÁöÇâ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö°ú »ç¿ëÀÚ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º µðÀÚÀÎ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ
¼±±¸ÀÚ·Î Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.

HP ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ ¸í¿¹ ¿¬±¸¿øÀÌÀÚ, ºäÆ÷ÀÎÃ÷ ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ È¸ÀåÀ»
¿ªÀÓÇßÀ¸¸ç ±³Åä ´ëÇÐÀÇ Ãʺù±³¼ö, UCLAÀÇ
°âÀÓ ±³¼öÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù.

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À¯Å¸ ´ëÇп¡¼­ ¼®»ç¹× ¹Ú»ç°úÁ¤À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.

1960³â´ë À¯Å¸ ´ëÇп¡¼­ ±×´Â ÀÌ¹Ý ¼­´ú·£µå¿Í ÇÔ²²
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ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ±×·¡ÇÈ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù.

ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡ ±×´Â ÀçÁî ±âŸ¸®½ºÆ®·Î È°µ¿ÇÑÀûÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç
Áø ÇǾÆÁ¦¿Í ±¸¼ºÁÖÀÇ ÀÛÇ°¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿¬±¸Çϱ⵵ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

½Ã¸ð¾î ÆäÆÛÆ®¿Í ·Î°í ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö ¾ð¾î¸¦ °°ÀÌ °³¹ßÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥
ÀÌÈÄ ±×ÀÇ È°µ¿¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.



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1970³â¿¡ Á¦·Ï½º»çÀÇ ÆÈ·Î ¾ËÅä ¿¬±¸¼Ò(PARC)¿¡ ÀÔ»çÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç
½º¸ôÅäÅ© ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö ¾ð¾î¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¿öÅ©½ºÅ×À̼ÇÀÇ
Ãʱ⠸ðµ¨À» °³¹ßÇÏ´Â ÇÙ½É ¿¬±¸¿øÀ¸·Î È°µ¿Çß´Ù.

¿©±â¼­ °³¹ßµÈ µðÀÚÀÎÀº ÀÌÈÄ
¾ÖÇûçÀÇ ¸ÅŲÅ佬 ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ °³¹ß¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

±×´Â Á¦·Ï½º ÆÄÅ© ¿¬±¸¼Ò¿Í ³ë¸£¿þÀÌ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¼¾ÅÍÀÇ
ÀüÀÓÀÚµé°ú ÇÔ²² °´Ã¼ ÁöÇâ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö
(OOP, Object Oriented Programming)ÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦
¸¸µé¾î ³½ â½ÃÀÚ Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀÌ´Ù.

±×´Â Ãʱ⠳ëÆ®ºÏ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ±âº»À» ¸¸µé¾î³½
´ÙÀ̳ªºÏÀÇ ÄÁ¼Á°ú ÅÂºí¸´ ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ±¸»óÇØ ³ÂÀ¸¸ç
Çö´ëÀûÀÎ À©µµ ±â¹ÝÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÈ »ç¿ëÀÚ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º(GUI)¸¦
¼³°èÇÑ À庻ÀÎÀ̱⵵ÇÏ´Ù.



Á¦·Ï½º ÆÄÅ© ¿¬±¸¼Ò¿¡¼­ÀÇ 10³â°£ ±Ù¹« ÀÌÈÄ 3³â °£
¾ÆŸ¸®ÀÇ ¼±ÀÓ ¿¬±¸¿øÀ¸·Î ±Ù¹«ÇÏ¿´´Ù.



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¼±Çà±â¼ú±×·ì(ATG, Advanced Technology Group)¿¡¼­
¾ÖÇà Ưº°¿¬±¸¿øÀ¸·Î ±Ù¹«ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ
¿ùÆ® µðÁî´Ï»ç¿¡¼­ µðÁî´Ï Ưº°¿¬±¸¿ø
(À̸ÅÁö´Ï¾î, Walt Disney Imagineering)À¸·Î ÀÏÇß´Ù.

±× ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ¾îÇöóÀÌµå ¸¶ÀÎÁî¿ÍÈÞ·¿ ÆÑÄ¿µå
(HP, Hewlett-Packard)ÀÇ ¼±Çà¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¿¬±¸ ÆÀ¿¡¼­
¼±ÀÓ¿¬±¸¿øÀ¸·Î ÀÏÇß´Ù.

ÇöÀç´Â ºäÆ÷ÀÎÃ÷ ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ ´ëÇ¥·Î ÀçÁ÷ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

[½ºÄü°ú ±×·ÎÄÏÀÇ °³¹ß]
¾ÖÇÿ¡ ÀçÁ÷ ÇÏ´ø ¶§ÀÎ 1995³â 12¿ùºÎÅÍ
µ¿Àû ¹Ìµð¾î ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¿ÀǼҽºÀÎ ½ºÄü(Squeak)ÀÇ °³¹ßÀ»
Çù·ÂÀÚµé°ú ÇÔ²² °³¹ß ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ÇöÀçµµ ÀÛ¾÷ ÁßÀÌ´Ù.

µ¥À̺êµå ½º¹Ì½º, µ¥À̺êµå ¸®µå, ¾Èµå·¹¾Æ½º ¶óºê,
¸¯ ¸Æ±â¾î, ÁÙ¸®¾Ó ·Ò¹Ù¸£µð, ¸¶Å© ¸ÆÄ«Èú°ú ½ÃÀÛÇÑ
Å©·ÎÄÏ (Croquet Project)Àº Çùµ¿ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» À§ÇÑ
»ïÂ÷¿ø ȯ°æ ½Ã½ºÅÛ °³¹ßÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿ÀÇ ¼Ò½º¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®ÀÌ´Ù.



[100´Þ·¯ ³ëÆ®ºÏ]
2005³â 11¿ù¿¡ Á¤º¸ ¼Ò»çÀ̾îƼÀÇ ±¹Á¦´ëȸ
(World summit n the Information Society)¿¡¼­
MIT ¿¬±¸¼Ò°¡ Á¦¾ÈÇÑ »õ·Î¿î 100´Þ·¯ ³ëÆ®ºÏ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ($100 Laptop)¸¦
°øµ¿ °³¹ßÇÏ¿´´Ù.

ÀÌ ³ëÆ®ºÏ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ´Â Á¦3¼¼°èÀÇ ¾î·Á¿î ȯ°æ¿¡¼­ °øºÎÇÏ´Â
ÇлýµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÌ´Ù.

[¼ö»ó °æ·Â]
2001³â ±×·¡ÇÈ À¯Àú ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º ºÐ¾ßÀÇ °³Ã´ÀÚÀÎ °ø·Î·Î
µ¶ÀÏ º£¸¦¸°¿¡¼­ UdK 01-Award¸¦ ¼ö»ó

2003³â °´Ã¼ÁöÇâ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹ÖÀ» °³Ã´ÇÑ °ø·Î·Î
ACM Æ©¸µ»óÀ» ¼ö»ó

2004³â ÄìÅä»ó°ú Âû½º ½ºÅ¸Å© µå·¹ÀÌÆÛ»óÀ» ¹öƲ
·¯ ·¥½¼, ·Î¹öÆ® Å×ÀÌ·¯, Âû½º ¼½Ä¿¿Í ÇÔ²² ¼ö»ó

2005³â Á¶Áö¾Æ °ø°ú ´ëÇÐÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸í¿¹¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§ ¹ÞÀ½

[¾î·Ï]
"¹Ì·¡¸¦ ¿¹ÃøÇÏ´Â °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀº ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ¹ß¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
(The best way to predict the future is to invent it.)", 1971

"¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¤¸»·Î ÁøÁöÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº
±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Çϵå¿þ¾î¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
(People who are really serious about software should
make their own hardware.)"

"¸®½ºÇÁ´Â ¾ð¾î°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °ÇÃà ÀÚÀçÀÌ´Ù.
(Lisp isn¡¯t a language, it¡¯s a building material.)"

[Àú¼­]
"ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ, ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿Í ±³À°(Computers, Networks
and Education)" - Scientific American
Special Issue on Communications, Computers,
and Networks, 9¿ù, 1991



[»ý¾Ö]

¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ °úÇÐÀÚÀÎ ¾Ù·± ÄÉÀÌ´Â
»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë ÄÄÇ»Æà ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ¼±±¸ÀÚ´Ù.

±×´Â Á¦·Ï½º, ¾ÆŸ¸®, µðÁî´Ï µî¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇϸ鼭
°³Àοë ÄÄÇ»ÆÃÀÇ Çõ½Å°ú ¹ßÀü¿¡ Áö´ëÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÄ¿Ô´Ù.

±×°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é ¾ÖÇÃÀÇ ¸ÅŲÅä½Ã,
±×¸®°í ÇöÀç¿Í °°Àº °³Àοë ÄÄÇ»Åʹ ź»ýÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

±×´Â ±×·¡ÇÈ »ç¿ëÀÚ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º µî Àΰ£-ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀÇ
¹ßÀü¿¡ ±â¿©Çß°í °´Ã¼ÁöÇâÇü ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹ÖÀ» ź»ý½ÃÄ×´Ù.

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¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ °úÇÐÀÚÀÎ ¾Ù·± ÄÉÀÌ(Alan Kay, 1940~)´Â
»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë ÄÄÇ»Æà ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ¼±±¸ÀÚ´Ù.

±×´Â Á¦·Ï½º(Xerox), ¾ÆŸ¸®(Atari), µðÁî´Ï(Disney) µî¿¡¼­
ÀÏÇϸ鼭 °³Àοë ÄÄÇ»ÆÃÀÇ Çõ½Å°ú ¹ßÀü¿¡ Áö´ëÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÄ¿Ô´Ù.

¶ÇÇÑ ±×´Â Àΰ£-ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀÇ ¹ßÀü¿¡ ±â¿©Çß°í
°´Ã¼ÁöÇâÇü(objected-oriented) ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹ÖÀ» ź»ý½ÃÄ×´Ù.

1940³â ¹Ì±¹ ¸Å»çÃß¼¼Ã÷ÁÖ¿¡¼­ ž ÄÉÀÌ´Â ¾î¸° ½ÃÀýÀ»
¿À½ºÆ®·¹Àϸ®¾Æ¿¡¼­ º¸³»°í Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀüÀÌ ³¡³ª±â Àü¿¡
¹Ì±¹¿¡ µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù.

¸í¼®ÇßÁö¸¸ ¾ö°ÝÇÔÀ» ½È¾îÇß´ø ÄÉÀÌ´Â ÃʵîÇб³ ¶§ºÎÅÍ
Äݷζ󵵴ëÇб³¿¡¼­ ¼öÇаú ºÐÀÚ»ý¹°ÇÐ ÇлçÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¶§±îÁö
ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Çб³ ÇàÁ¤°ú ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù.

±× ÈÄ ±×´Â ÄݷζóµµÁÖ µ§¹ö·Î ÀÌÁÖÇØ
±×°÷¿¡¼­ °ø±º¿¡ ÀÔ´ëÇߴµ¥,
À̶§ Àå³­»ï¾Æ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö Àû¼º °Ë»ç¸¦ Ä¡·¶´Ù.

¶æ¹Û¿¡µµ °ø±ºÀº ±×¿¡°Ô IBMÀÌ ÁÖ°üÇÏ´Â
2ÁÖ°£ÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ¹Þ°Ô Çߴµ¥,
ÀÌ´Â ÄÉÀÌ°¡ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ »ç¿ë ¹æ½Ä¿¡ °üÇØ Àü »ý¾Ö¿¡ °ÉÄ£ °ü½ÉÀ»
°®°Ô µÇ´Â °è±â°¡ µÆ´Ù.

ÀÌÈÄ ±×´Â À¯Å¸´ëÇб³ ´ëÇпø¿¡ ÁøÇÐÇߴµ¥,
À̶§ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ±×·¡ÇÈ¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤ºÎ Áö¿ø ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡
Âü¿©Çϱ⵵ Çß´Ù(Jones, 2003).

¼®»çÇÐÀ§ ³í¹®À¸·Î ÄÉÀÌ´Â '°³Àοë ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ'ÀÇ ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò¿¡
°üÇØ ½è´Âµ¥,
ÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î´Â ¾î¶² Á¡¿¡¼­ ÃʱâÀÇ °³Àοë ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÎ
Á¦·Ï½º ¾ËÅä(Alto)ÀÇ ¸ðµ¨ÀÌ µÈ´Ù.

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1969³â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°úÇÐ ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹ÞÀº ÈÄ
ÄÉÀÌ´Â ¸í¼º ³ôÀº ½ºÅÄÆÛµå ÀΰøÁö´É¿¬±¸¼Ò¿¡¼­ Àá½Ã ÀÏÇß°í,
ÀÌÈÄ Á¦·Ï½ºÀÇ ÆӷξÙÅ俬±¸¼Ò(PARC)¿¡ ¿µÀÔµÅ
ÇнÀ¿¬±¸±×·ì(learning research group)À» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.

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¿©±â¼­ ±×´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸¿øµé¿¡°Ô °³Àοë ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºñÀüÀ» Ž±¸ÇØ º¸¶ó°í ¼³µæÇß´Ù.

±×´Â 1973³â Áö³­ÇÑ ¼³°è¿Í ±¸Ãà ÀÛ¾÷À» ÅëÇØ
ÃÖÃÊÀÇ °³Àοë ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ·Î °£ÁֵǴ ¾ËÅä(Alto)¸¦ ź»ý½ÃÄ×´Ù.

±×·¯³ª ÄÉÀÌ¿¡°Ô ¾ËÅä´Â ½ÃÀÛÀÏ »Ó ³¡ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù.

óÀ½ ¾ËÅä°¡ µîÀåÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ ¸î ³â°£ ÄÉÀÌ¿Í µ¿·áµéÀº
»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö°ú ¸ÖƼ¹Ìµð¾î¸¦ ¿¬±¸Çß´Ù.

ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ±×´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÈ »ç¿ëÀÚ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º
(Graphical User Interface, GUI)¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â µ¥¿¡µµ Âü¿©Çß´Ù.

±×¿Í µ¿·áµéÀº ÃÖÃÊ·Î »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë ¹®¼­ ¹× Ç¥½Ä ¾ð¾î(markup languages),
±×¸®°í ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ È°¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀÛ°î µµ±¸¸¦ ¸¸µé±âµµ Çß´Ù.

ÀÌ·± °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ÄÉÀÌ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼ºÇâÀÌ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö¿¡´Â
Àß ¸ÂÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àç´ÉÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦
ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡¿¡ °üÇØ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù.

´ç½Ã ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö ¾ð¾îµéÀº
ÇÁ·Î½ÃÀú Áß½ÉÀû(procedural)À̾ú´Ù.

ÀÌ °ÍÀº µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿Í È®¿¬È÷ ±¸ºÐµÈ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ·Î
¹«½¼ ÀÏÀ» ÇÒÁö Áö½ÃÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

ÄÉÀÌ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ±¸¼º´ÜÀ§µéÀÌ À¯¿¬ÇØ¾ß Çϸç
¾î¶² Á¡¿¡¼­´Â Àڱ⠳ª¸§´ë·Î ÇàÀ§ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù.

µû¶ó¼­ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥°ú µ¥ÀÌÅÍ »çÀÌÀÇ ±¸ºÐÀº
À¯¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.

±×´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÀÛÀº ±â±âó·³ ÇàÀ§ÇÏ´Â ÄÚµå Á¶°¢µé,
Áï '°´Ã¼µé(objects)'·Î ±¸¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç
ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö ¾ð¾î´Â Á¾ÀÌ ÇÑ Àå¿¡ ±â·ÏÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Á¤µµ·Î
°£´ÜÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù(Jones, 2003).



ÄÉÀÌÀÇ »ý°¢À» µéÀº PARCÀÇ µ¿·áµéÀº ±×¿¡°Ô
±×·± ¾ð¾î¸¦ ¸¸µé¾îº¸¶ó°í ±ÇÀ¯Çß´Ù.

±×·¡¼­ ¸¸µé¾îÁø °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ½º¸ôÅäÅ©(SmallTalk)´Ù.

ÀÌ ¾ð¾î´Â °´Ã¼ÁöÇâ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹ÖÀ̶ó´Â ±×ÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¿¡ ±âÃÊÇß°í,
ÀÌÀü ¿©·¯ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®³ª ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö ¾ð¾îµéÀ»
ÂüÁ¶ÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù.

ÀÌÈÄ ½º¸ôÅäÅ©´Â C++À̳ª ÀÚ¹Ù(Java)¿Í °°Àº
ÁÖ·ù ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¾ð¾îÀÇ °³¹ß¿¡ Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù
(Wikipedia, 2012).

ÄÉÀÌ´Â ÀÌÈÄ ¾ÆŸ¸®¿Í ¾ÖÇÃ(Apple) µî¿¡¼­ ¿¬±¸¿øÀ¸·Î ÀÏÇß´Ù.

ÃÖÃÊÀÇ °³Àοë ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÎ ¾ËÅä °³¹ß¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ
±×ÀÇ ¾÷¹« °æ·ÂÀº ƯÈ÷ ¾ÖÇÿ¡ Å« µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.

¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¼ÒÇü °³Àοë ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÄÉÀÌÀÇ ºñÀüÀÌ ¾ÖÇÃÀÇ ´ºÅÏ(Newton)À̶ó´Â ±â±â¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇöµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥,
ÀÌ Á¦Ç°Àº ÃÖÃÊÀÇ PDA·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áö±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù.

¾ÖÇÿ¡¼­ ÄÉÀÌ´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ±³À°Àû È°¿ë °¡´É¼º¿¡
´õ ¸¹Àº °ü½ÉÀ» °®°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.



ÀÌ¿¡ ±×´Â 1987³â¿¡ ·Î½º¾ØÁ©·¹½ºÀÇ ÃʵîÇлýµé¿¡°Ô
¸ÅŲÅä½Ã ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ºñ¹Ù¸®¾ö ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®
(Vivarium Project)¸¦ Àü°³Çϱ⵵ Çß´Ù.

1997³â ÀÌÈÄ ÄÉÀÌ´Â ¿ùÆ® µðÁî´Ï À̹ÌÁö´Ï¾î¸µ¿¡¼­
µðÁî´Ï Æç·Î ¹× ¿¬±¸°³¹ß ºÎ¹® ºÎ»çÀåÀ¸·Î ÀÏÇß´Ù.

ÇöÀç´Â ºäÆ÷ÀÎÃ÷ ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ ´ëÇ¥¸¦ ¸Ã°í ÀÖ´Ù.



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Alan Curtis Kay
(born May 17, 1940) is an American computer scientist.

He has been elected a Fellow of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of
Engineering, and the Royal Society of Arts.

He is best known for his pioneering work
on object-oriented programming and windowing
graphical user interface design.



He is the president of the Viewpoints
Research Institute, and an Adjunct Professor
of Computer Science at the University of
California, Los Angeles. He is also on the
advisory board of TTI/Vanguard. Until mid-
2005, he was a Senior Fellow at HP Labs, a
Visiting Professor at Kyoto University, and
an Adjunct Professor at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT). After 10
years at Xerox PARC, Kay became Atari's
chief scientist for three years.



Kay is also a former professional jazz guitarist,
composer, and theatrical designer,
and an amateur classical pipe organist.

[Early life and work]
In an interview on education in America with
the Davis Group Ltd. Alan Kay said, "I had
the fortune or misfortune to learn how to
read fluently starting at the age of three.
So I had read maybe 150 books by the time I
hit 1st grade. And I already knew that the
teachers were lying to me."

Originally from Springfield, Massachusetts,
Kay attended the University of Colorado at
Boulder, earning a Bachelor's degree in
Mathematics and Molecular Biology. Before
and during this time, he worked as a
professional jazz guitarist.

In 1966, he began graduate school at the
University of Utah College of Engineering,
earning a master's degree and a Ph.D. degree.

His doctoral was entitled FLEX: A Flexible
Extendable Language, describing an invention
of computer language known as FLEX.

While at the University of Utah, he worked
with Ivan Sutherland, who had done
pioneering graphics programs including
Sketchpad. This greatly inspired Kay's
evolving views on objects and programming.
As he grew busier with ARPA research, he
quit his career as a professional musician.

In 1968, he met Seymour Papert and learned
of the Logo programming language, a dialect
of Lisp optimized for educational purposes.
This led him to learn of the work of Jean
Piaget, Jerome Bruner, Lev Vygotsky, and of
constructionist learning. These further
influenced his views.

In 1970, Kay joined Xerox Corporation's Palo
Alto Research Center, PARC. In the 1970s he
was one of the key members there to develop
prototypes of networked workstations using
the programming language Smalltalk.

These inventions were later commercialized by
Apple Computer in their Lisa and Macintosh computers.

Kay is one of the fathers of the idea of
object-oriented programming, which he named,
along with some colleagues at PARC and
predecessors at the Norwegian Computing
Center. He conceived the Dynabook concept
which defined the conceptual basics for
laptop and tablet computers and E-books, and
is the architect of the modern overlapping
windowing graphical user interface (GUI).

Because the Dynabook was conceived as an
educational platform, Kay is considered to
be one of the first researchers into mobile
learning, and indeed, many features of the
Dynabook concept have been adopted in the
design of the One Laptop Per Child
educational platform, with which Kay is
actively involved.

The field of computing is awaiting new
revolution to happen, according to Kay, in
which educational communities, parents, and
children will not see in it a set of tools
invented by Douglas Engelbart, but a medium
in the Marshall McLuhan sense. He wrote that
the destiny of personal computing is not going to be:

(¡¦) a 'vehicle', as in Engelbart's metaphor
opposed to the IBM 'railroads', but
something much more profound: a (¡¦) medium.
With a 'vehicle' one could wait until high
school and give 'drivers ed', but if it was
a medium, it had to extend into the world of childhood.

[Recent work and recognition]
Starting in 1984, Kay was an Apple Fellow at
Apple Computer until the closing of the ATG
(Advanced Technology Group), one of the
company's R&D divisions. He then joined
Walt Disney Imagineering as a Disney Fellow
and remained there until Disney ended its
Disney Fellow program. After Disney, in 2001
he founded Viewpoints Research Institute, a
non-profit organization dedicated to
children, learning, and advanced software development.

Later, Kay worked with a team at Applied
Minds, then became a Senior Fellow at
Hewlett-Packard until HP disbanded the
Advanced Software Research Team on July 20,
2005. He is currently head of Viewpoints
Research Institute.

Kay taught a Fall 2011 class, "Powerful
Ideas: Useful Tools to Understand the
World", at NYU's Interactive
Telecommunications Program (ITP) along with
full-time ITP faculty member Nancy
Hechinger. The goal of the class was to
devise new forms of teaching/learning based
on fundamental, powerful concepts—rather than
on traditional rote learning.

[Squeak, Etoys, and Croquet]
In December 1995, when he was still at
Apple, Kay collaborated with many others to
start the open source Squeak version of
Smalltalk, and he continues to work on it.

As part of this effort, in November 1996,
his team began research on what became the
Etoys system. More recently he started,
along with David A. Smith, David P. Reed,
Andreas Raab, Rick McGeer, Julian Lombardi,
and Mark McCahill, the Croquet Project,
which is an open source networked 2D and 3D
environment for collaborative work.

[Tweak]
In 2001, it became clear that the Etoy
architecture in Squeak had reached its
limits in what the Morphic interface
infrastructure could do. Andreas Raab was a
researcher working in Kay's group, then at Hewlett-Packard.

He proposed defining a "script process" and
providing a default scheduling mechanism
that avoids several more general problems.

The result was a new user interface,
proposed to replace the Squeak Morphic user interface
in the future.

Tweak added mechanisms of islands,
asynchronous messaging, players and
costumes, language extensions, projects, and
tile scripting. Its underlying object
system is class-based, but to users (during
programming) it acts like it is prototype-
based. Tweak objects are created and run in
Tweak project windows.

[Children's Machine]
In November 2005, at the World Summit on the
Information Society, the MIT research
laboratories unveiled a new laptop computer,
for educational use around the world. It has
many names: the $100 Laptop, the One Laptop
per Child program, the Children's Machine, and the XO-1.

The program was begun and is
sustained by Kay's friend, Nicholas
Negroponte, and is based on Kay's Dynabook
ideal. Kay is a prominent co-developer of
the computer, focusing on its educational
software using Squeak and Etoys.

[Reinventing programming]
Kay has lectured extensively on the idea
that the computer revolution is very new,
and all of the good ideas have not been
universally implemented. Lectures at OOPSLA
1997 conference and his ACM Turing award
talk, entitled "The Computer Revolution
Hasn't Happened Yet" were informed by his
experiences with Sketchpad, Simula,
Smalltalk, and the bloated code of
commercial software.

On August 31, 2006, Kay's proposal to the
United States National Science Foundation
(NSF) was granted, thus funding Viewpoints
Research Institute for several years. The
proposal title was: STEPS Toward the Reinvention of
Programming: A compact and Practical Model of
Personal Computing as a Self-exploratorium.

A sense of what Kay is trying to do comes
from this quote, from the abstract of a seminar
on this given at Intel Research Labs, Berkeley:
"The conglomeration of commercial and most open
source software consumes in the neighborhood
of several hundreds of millions of lines of
code these days. We wonder: how small could
be an understandable practical "Model T"
design that covers this functionality? 1M
lines of code? 200K LOC? 100K LOC? 20K LOC?"

(from naver.com ³×À̹ö Áö½Ä¹é°ú wikpedia.org)


Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C+


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