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°í¸£¹ÙÃÊÇÁ-Mikhail Gorbachev,³ëº§ÆòÈ»ó,Russia | ||
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ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×ÀÇ ¸®´õ½Ê ±â°£ µ¿¾È¿¡µµ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¼Ò·ÃÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Àû, °æÁ¦Àû ¾î·Á¿ò°ú ¹ÎÁßÀÇ ºÒ¸¸ÀÌ ³²¾ÆÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ ½Ãµµ°¡ ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÆÐÇÑ Á¡µµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ À̸¦ °í·ÁÇÑ´Ù¸é ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Aµî±ÞÀ¸·Î Æò°¡Çϱâ´Â ¾î·Á¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ °í¸£¹ÙÃÊÇÁÀÇ ¾ç½É µî±ÞÀ» °´°üÀûÀ¸·Î Æò°¡Çϱâ´Â º¹ÀâÇϸç, ¾çÂÊÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀ» ¸ðµÎ °¨¾ÈÇÑ Á߸³ÀûÀÎ Æò°¡¸¦ ÇϱⰡ ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. ====================================== Mikhail Gorbachev President of the Soviet Union [In office] 15 March 1990~25 December 1991 General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union [In office] 11 March 1985~ 24 August 1991 Preceded by: Konstantin Chernenko Succeeded by: Office abolished [Born] Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev 2 March 1931 Privolnoye, North Caucasus Krai, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union [Died] 30 August 2022 (aged 91) Moscow, Russia [Nationality] Russian [Political party] Soviet Communist Party (1950–1991) Independent (1991–2001; 2004–2007) Social Democratic Party (2001–2004) Union of Social Democrats (2007–present) [Spouse(s)] Raisa Gorbachova (m. 1953–99); her death [Children] Irina Mikhailovna Virganskaya [Alma mater] Moscow State University [Profession] Lawyer Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Russian and Soviet politician. The eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, he was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. He was also the country's head of state from 1988 until 1991, serving as the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and president of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991. Ideologically, Gorbachev initially adhered to Marxism–Leninism, but he moved towards social democracy by the early 1990s. Gorbachev was born in Stavropol Krai into a peasant Ukrainian–Russian family, and in his teens operated combine harvesters on collective farms. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1955 with a degree in law. While he was at the university, he joined the Communist Party, and soon became very active within it. In 1970, he was appointed the First Party Secretary of the Stavropol Regional Committee, First Secretary to the Supreme Soviet in 1974, and appointed a member of the Politburo in 1979. Within three years of the death of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, following the brief "interregna" of Andropov and Chernenko, Gorbachev was elected General Secretary by the Politburo in 1985. Before he reached the post, he had occasionally been mentioned in Western newspapers as a likely next leader and a man of the younger generation at the top level. Gorbachev's policies of glasnost ("openness") and perestroika ("restructuring") and his reorientation of Soviet strategic aims contributed to the end of the Cold War. He removed the constitutional role of the Communist Party in governing the state, and inadvertently led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He was awarded the Otto Hahn Peace Medal in 1989, the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990 and the Harvey Prize in 1992, as well as honorary doctorates from various universities. In September 2008, Gorbachev and business oligarch Alexander Lebedev announced they would form the Independent Democratic Party of Russia, and in May 2009 Gorbachev announced that the launch was imminent. This was Gorbachev's third attempt to establish a political party, having started the Social Democratic Party of Russia in 2001 and the Union of Social Democrats in 2007. [Death] Gorbachev died at the Central Clinical Hospital in Moscow on 30 August 2022, at the age of 91. His death followed a "severe and prolonged illness" according to the hospital, having been under the continuous supervision of doctors since the beginning of 2020. Gorbachev will be buried in Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery next to his wife Raisa, who died in 1999, according to his will. At the time of his death, Gorbachev was the longest-lived ruler of Russia in history, beating Alexander Kerensky and the nominal leader of the USSR Vasily Kuznetsov, who both lived to be 89 years old. [Reactions] Russia's president Vladimir Putin expressed his condolences on the death of Gorbachev, according to Kremlin's spokesman Dmitry Peskov. European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen paid tribute to him on Twitter, as did UK's Prime Minister Boris Johnson, former U.S. secretary of state Condoleezza Rice and Ireland's Taoiseach Micheál Martin. United Nations secretary-general António Guterres said Gorbachev was "one-of-a-kind statesman who changed the course of history and a towering global leader, committed multilateralist, and tireless advocate for peace", as former U.S. Secretary of State James Baker III stated that "history will remember Mikhail Gorbachev as a giant who steered his great nation towards democracy" in the context of the Cold War's conclusion. Former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney said that "he was a very pleasant man to deal with" and "history will remember him as a transformational leader". (from naver.com ³×À̹ö Áö½Ä¹é°ú µÎ»ê¹é°ú wikipedia.org ³ª¹«À§Å° µî) Break, Berlin Wall, Brave, Influence(+)~ (PIG: time-variant) Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): B
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