Name Ä­Æ® Immanuel Kant
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Ä­Æ®-Immanuel Kant,öÇÐÀÚ,Prussian-Germany
ÀÓ¸¶´©¿¤ Ä­Æ® Immanuel Kant

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À̸¶´©¿¤ Ä­Æ® (Immanuel Kant,
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Georg Kant)¿Í ¾î¸Ó´Ï ¾È³ª ·¹±â³ª(Anna
Regina) »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ž´Ù. ±×´Â 11¸íÀÇ
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ÇÑ ¿å¸Áµµ, Áø¸®¸¦ ºû³ª°Ô ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡¼­ ±×
°¡ Á¶±ÝÀÌ¶óµµ ¹þ¾î³ªµµ·Ï À¯È¤ÇÏÁö ¸øÇß
´Ù. ±×´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ½º½º·Î »ý
°¢Çϵµ·Ï ºÎµå·´°Ô °­¿äÇß´Ù. ³»°¡ ÃÖ°íÀÇ
°¨»ç¿Í Á¸°æÀ» ´ÙÇØ ºÎ¸£´Â ±×ÀÇ À̸§Àº,
À̸¶´©¿¤ Ä­Æ®ÀÌ´Ù."

[Àú¼­]
¡¶ÀÏ¹Ý ÀÚ¿¬»ç¿Í õü·Ð¡· (Allgemeine
Naturgeschichte und Theorie des
Himmels, 1755³â)
¡¶¹Ì¿Í ¼þ°íÀÇ °¨Á¤¿¡ °üÇÑ °íÂû¡·
(Beobachtungen uber das
Gefuhl des Schonen und
Erhabenen, 1764³â)
¡¶¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ò°ú ¼þ°íÇÔÀÇ °¨Á¤¿¡ °üÇÑ °í
Âû¡·, ÀÌÀçÁØ ¿Å±è, Ã¥¼¼»ó, 2005³â, ISBN
978-89-7013-518-2
¡¶°¡°¨°è¿Í °¡»ó°èÀÇ Çü½Ä°ú ¿ø¸®¡· (De
mundi sensibilis atque intelligibilis
forma et principiis, 1770³â)
¡¶°¨¼º°è¿Í Áö¼º°èÀÇ Çü½Ä°ú ¿ø¸®µé¡·, ÃÖ
¼ÒÀÎ ¿Å±è, ÀÌÁ¦À̺Ͻº, 2007³â, ISBN 978-
89-5644-092-7
¡¶¼ø¼öÀ̼ººñÆÇ¡· (Kritik der reinen
Vernunft, 1ÆÇ, 1781³â: 2ÆÇ, 1787)
ÃÖÀçÈñ ¿Å±è, ¹Ú¿µ»ç, 2009³â(°³Á¤ÆÇ),
ISBN 978-89-6454-181-4
¹éÁ¾Çö ¿Å±è(Àü2±Ç), ¾ÆÄ«³Ý, 2006³â,
ISBN 89-5733-031-3
¡¶¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀ» À§ÇÑ ¼­¼³¡·
(Prolegomena zu einer jeden
kunftigen Metaphysik, die als
Wissenschaft wird auftreten
konnen, 1783³â)
¡¶ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐ ¼­¼³¡·, ¹éÁ¾Çö ¿Å±è, ¾ÆÄ«³Ý,
2012³â, ISBN 978-89-5733-247-4
¡¶°è¸ùÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?¶ó´Â ¹°À½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ä
º¯¡· (Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist
Aufklarung?, 1784³â)
¡¶¼¼°è½Ã¹ÎÀû °ßÁö¿¡¼­ º» º¸Æí»çÀÇ ÀÌ
³ä¡· (Idee zu einer allgemeinen
Geschichte in weltburgerlicher
Absicht, 1784³â)
¡¶¼¼°è½Ã¹ÎÀû °ßÁö¿¡¼­ º» º¸Æí»çÀÇ ÀÌ
³ä¡·, À̼®À± ¿Å±è,
¡¶À±¸® ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀÇ Á¤ÃÊ¡· (Grundlegung
zur Metaphysik der Sitten, 1785³â)
¡¶À±¸®ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐ Á¤ÃÊ¡·, ¹éÁ¾Çö ¿Å±è, ¾ÆÄ«
³Ý, 2005³â, ISBN 978-89-5733-064-7
¡¶µµ´ö ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀ» À§ÇÑ ±âÃÊ ³õ±â¡·, ÀÌ¿ø
ºÀ ¿Å±è, Ã¥¼¼»ó, 2002³â, ISBN 978-89-
7013-364-5
¡¶ÀÚ¿¬°úÇÐÀÇ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀû ±âÃÊ¡·
(Metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der
Naturwissenschaft, 1786³â)
¡¶½ÇõÀ̼ººñÆÇ¡· (Kritik der
praktischen Vernunft, 1788³â)
¹éÁ¾Çö ¿Å±è, ¾ÆÄ«³Ý, 2002³â, ISBN 89-
89103-56-8
ÃÖÀçÈñ ¿Å±è, ¹Ú¿µ»ç, 2011³â, ISBN 978-
89-6454-112-8
¡¶ÆÇ´Ü·ÂºñÆÇ¡· (Kritik der
Urteilskraft, 1790³â)
À̼®À± ¿Å±è, ¹Ú¿µ»ç, 2005³â, ISBN 978-
89-10-03012-6
¹éÁ¾Çö ¿Å±è, ¾ÆÄ«³Ý, 2009³â, ISBN 978-
89-5733-153-8
¡¶¼ø¼öÀ̼ºÀÇ ÇÑ°è ³»ÀÇ Á¾±³¡· (Die
Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der
blo©¬en Vernunft, 1793³â)
¡¶À̼ºÀÇ ÇÑ°è ¾È¿¡¼­ÀÇ Á¾±³¡·, ¹éÁ¾Çö ¿Å
±è, ¾ÆÄ«³Ý, 2011³â, ISBN 978-89-5733-
217-7
¡¶¿µ¿øÇÑ ÆòÈ­¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿©¡· (Zum ewigen
Frieden. Ein philosophischer Entwurf,
1795³â)
ÀÌÇѱ¸ ¿Å±è, ¼­±¤»ç, 1992³â, ISBN 978-
89-306-1021-6
¡¶À±¸® ÇüÀÌ»óÇС· (Die Metaphysik der
Sitten, 1797³â)

[Ä­Æ® ÀüÁý]
µ¶ÀÏ ¿Õ¸³Çмú¿ø¿¡¼­ °£ÇàÇÑ ÀüÁý (Kant
gesammelte Schriften, ÆíÁý
Konigliche-Preu©¬ische Akademie
der Wissenschaften, 1910ff., Berlin). Èç
È÷ "Çмú¿øÆÇ"À¸·Î ºÒ¸®´Â ÀÌ ÀüÁýÀº Ä­Æ®
Àú¼ú ÀοëÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ÁÖ¾îįÇÁ ÃâÆÇ»ç¿¡¼­ °£ÇàÇÑ ºÁÀ̼ε¨ Æí
Áý (Kants Werke, W. Weischedel (Hrsg.),
Suhrkampff)
============================
Immanuel Kant

[Born] 22 April 1724
Konigsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad,
Russia)
[Died] 12 February 1804 (aged 79)
Konigsberg, Prussia
[Residence]
Konigsberg, Prussia
[Nationality] Prussian
[Alma mater]
University of Konigsberg
(PhD, 1755; Dr. habil., 1770)
[Era] 18th-century philosophy
[Region] Western philosophy
[School] Kantianism
Enlightenment philosophy
[Main interests]
Epistemology, Metaphysics,
Ethics, Cosmogony
[Notable ideas]
Categorical imperative
Transcendental idealism
Synthetic a priori
Noumenon Sapere aude
Nebular hypothesis

Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 ~ 12
February 1804) was a German philosopher
who is considered the central figure of
modern philosophy. Kant argued that
fundamental concepts of the human mind
structure human experience, that reason
is the source of morality, that
aesthetics arises from a faculty of
disinterested judgment, that space and
time are forms of our understanding,
and that the world as it is "in-itself"
is unknowable. Kant took himself to
have effected a Copernican revolution
in philosophy, akin to Copernicus'
reversal of the age-old belief that the
sun revolved around the earth. His
beliefs continue to have a major
influence on contemporary philosophy,
especially the fields of metaphysics,
epistemology, ethics, political theory,
and aesthetics.

Kant in his critical phase sought
to 'reverse' the orientation of pre-
critical philosophy by showing how the
traditional problems of metaphysics can
be overcome by supposing that the
agreement between reality and the
concepts we use to conceive it arises
not because our mental concepts have
come to passively mirror reality, but
because reality must conform to the
human mind's active concepts to be
conceivable and at all possible for us
to experience. Kant thus regarded the
basic categories of the human mind as
the transcendental "condition of
possibility" for any experience.

Politically, Kant was one of the
earliest exponents of the idea that
perpetual peace could be secured
through universal democracy and
international cooperation. He believed
that this eventually will be the
outcome of universal history, although
it is not rationally planned. The exact
nature of Kant's religious ideas
continue to be the subject of
especially heated philosophical
dispute, with viewpoints ranging from
the idea that Kant was an early and
radical exponent of atheism who finally
exploded the ontological argument for
God's existence, to more critical
treatments epitomized by Nietzsche who
claimed that Kant had "theologian
blood" and that Kant was merely a
sophisticated apologist for traditional
Christian religious belief, writing
that "Kant wanted to prove, in a way
that would dumbfound the common man,
that the common man was right: that was
the secret joke of this soul."

In Kant's major work, the Critique of
Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen
Vernunft, 1781), he attempted to
explain the relationship between reason
and human experience and to move beyond
the failures of traditional philosophy
and metaphysics. Kant wanted to put an
end to an era of futile and speculative
theories of human experience, while
resisting the skepticism of thinkers
such as David Hume. Kant regarded
himself as ending and showing the way
beyond the impasse which modern
philosophy had led to between
rationalists and empiricists, and is
widely held to have synthesized these
two early modern traditions in his thought.

Kant argued that our experiences are
structured by necessary features of our
minds. In his view, the mind shapes and
structures experience so that, on an
abstract level, all human experience
shares certain essential structural
features. Among other things, Kant
believed that the concepts of space and
time are integral to all human
experience, as are our concepts of
cause and effect. One important
consequence of this view is that our
experience of things is always of the
phenomenal world as conveyed by our
senses: we do not have direct access to
things in themselves, the so-called
noumenal world. Kant published other
important works on ethics, religion,
law, aesthetics, astronomy, and
history. These included the Critique of
Practical Reason (Kritik der
praktischen Vernunft, 1788), the
Metaphysics of Morals (Die Metaphysik
der Sitten, 1797), which dealt with
ethics, and the Critique of Judgment
(Kritik der Urteilskraft, 1790), which
looks at aesthetics and teleology.

Kant aimed to resolve disputes between
empirical and rationalist approaches.
The former asserted that all knowledge
comes through experience; the latter
maintained that reason and innate ideas
were prior. Kant argued that experience
is purely subjective without first
being processed by pure reason. He also
said that using reason without applying
it to experience only leads to
theoretical illusions. The free and
proper exercise of reason by the
individual was a theme both of the Age
of Enlightenment, and of Kant's
approaches to the various problems of
philosophy. His ideas influenced many
thinkers in Germany during his
lifetime, and he moved philosophy
beyond the debate between the
rationalists and empiricists.

(from ³×À̹ö Áö½Ä¹é°ú naver.com wikipedia.org)


Basis, Between, By, Brain, influence(+) ~
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