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Çã¼È-William Herschel,õ¹®ÇÐÀÚ,ÀÛ°î°¡,German England | ||
Àª¸®¾ö Çã¼È (William Herschel), õ¹®ÇÐÀÚ [Ãâ»ý] 1738³â 11¿ù 15ÀÏ ½Å¼º ·Î¸¶ Á¦±¹ Çϳë¹ö [»ç¸Á] 1822³â 08¿ù 25ÀÏ (83¼¼) À×±Û·£µå ¹öÅ©¼Å ÁÖ ½½¶ó¿ì [¿µ±¹, ½½¶ó¿ì ¹öÅ©¼Å] [±¹Àû] µ¶ÀÏ, ¿µ±¹ [ºÐ¾ß] õ¹®ÇÐ, À½¾Ç [ÁÖ¿ä ¾÷Àû] õ¿Õ¼ºÀÇ ¹ß°ß, Àû¿Ü¼±ÀÇ ¹ß°ß [°æ·Â»çÇ×] 1822 ¿µ±¹ ¿Õ¸³Ãµ¹®ÇÐȸ ȸÀå 1782 ¿µ±¹ ¿Õ¸³ÇÐȸ ȸ¿ø [¼ö»ó³»¿ª] 1781 ÄÚÇø® ¸Þ´Þ Àª¸®¾ö Çã¼È (William Herschel, 1738³â 11¿ù 15 ÀÏ~1822³â 8¿ù 25ÀÏ)Àº µ¶ÀÏ¿¡¼ ÅÂ¾î³ Ãµ¹®ÇÐ ÀÚÀÌ°í, Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ ±â¼úÀÚÀ̸ç, ÀÛ°î°¡ÀÌ´Ù. Çϳë¹ö¿¡¼ žÀ¸¸ç, 19¼¼¿¡ ¿µ±¹À¸·Î À̹ÎÀ» °¡±â Àü±îÁö ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ µû¶ó Çϳë¹öÀÇ ±º¾Ç´ë¿¡¼ Áö³Â´Ù. [µ¶ÀÏ Çϳë¹ö] ±× ÈÄ, À½¾ÇÀ̷п¡ ½ÉÃëÇؼ ¿µ±¹¿¡¼ Àú¸íÇÑ À½¾Ç°¡°¡ µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, 24°³ÀÇ ±³Çâ°î, 7°³ÀÇ ¹ÙÀ̿ø° ÇùÁÖ°î µî ¼ö¹é °îÀ» ÀÛ°îÇϱ⵵ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 30´ë Áß¹Ý ÀÌÈÄ¿¡´Â õ¹®Çп¡ ¸ÅÁøÇߴµ¥, ±×´Â õ¿Õ¼º°ú ±× À§¼ºÀΠƼŸ´Ï¾Æ¿Í ¿Àº£·ÐÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß°í, ÈÄ¿¡ Å伺ÀÇ µÎ À§¼ºÀÎ ¹Ì¸¶½º¿Í ¿£¼¿¶óµÎ½º¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ´Â µî õ¹®Çп¡¼ ¼ö¸¹Àº ¾÷ÀûµéÀ» ³²°å´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿ìÁÖ°¡ º°ÀÇ Áý´ÜÀÎ ÀºÇϵéÀÌ ¼ö¾øÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ¸ð¿© ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù´Â ÀºÇÏ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» Á¤¸³Çß°í, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ÀÌ Æ²Àº À¯ÁöµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡µµ Àû¿Ü¼±À» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í, Çö¹Ì°æÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ »êÈ£°¡ µ¿¹°ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» Áö´Ñ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ³»´Â µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼ È°µ¿Çß´Ù. [¾î¸° ½ÃÀý°ú À½¾ÇÈ°µ¿] Çã¼ÈÀº µ¶ÀÏ Çϳë¹ö¿¡¼ 10¸íÀÇ ÀÚ³à Áß 1¸íÀ¸·Î ž´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â Çϳë¹ö ±º¾Ç´Ü¿¡¼ ¿Àº¸¿¡ ¿¬ÁÖÀÚ·Î È°µ¿ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. 1755³â¿¡ ºôÇ︧°ú ±×ÀÇ ÇüÁ¦ÀÎ Á¦ÀÌÄßÀÌ ¿Àº¸¿¡ ¿¬ÁÖÀÚ·Î ÀÖ´ø Çϳë¹ö °æºñ ¿¬´ë°¡ À×±Û·£µå·Î ¹ß·É¹Þ¾Ò´Âµ¥, ÀÌ ¶§ ´ë¿µÁ¦±¹°ú Çϳë¹ö´Â Á¶Áö 2¼¼ÀÇ ÅëÄ¡¸¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÇÁ¶û½º¿Í ÀüÀïÀÌ ÀϾ Á¶ÁüÀÌ º¸ÀÏ ¶§ ÀÌ °æºñ ¿¬´ë´Â Çϳë¹ö¸¦ ÁöÅ°±âÀ§ÇØ À×±Û·£µå¿¡¼ ¼ÒȯµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇϽºÅÙº¤ ÀüÅõ¿¡¼ ÆйèÇÑ ÈÄ, Çã¼ÈÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â 1757³â ¸»¿¡ Çdzó¸¦ ã±â À§ÇØ À×±Û·£µå·Î ±×ÀÇ µÎ ¾ÆµéÀ» º¸³Â´Ù, ºñ·Ï ±×ÀÇ ÇüÀÎ Á¦ÀÌÄßÀº Çϳë¹ö ±º´Ü¿¡¼ ÇØ°íµÇ¾úÁö¸¸, ºôÇ︧Àº Å»¿µÇÑ Á˸¦ »ç¸é¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ 19»ìÀ̾ú´ø ºôÇ︧Àº ¿µ¾î¸¦ ÀßÇÏ´Â ÇлýÀ̾ú°í, À×±Û·£µå¿¡¼ ±×ÀÇ ¿µ¾î À̸§À» ÇÁ·¹´õ¸¯ Àª¸®¾ö Çã¼È(Frederick William Herschel)À̶ó Áö¾ú´Ù. ¿Àº¸¿¡ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×´Â ÿ·Î¿Í ÇÏÇÁ½ÃÄÚµå, ±×¸®°í ³ªÁß¿¡´Â ¿À¸£°£±îÁö ¿¬ÁÖÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ±³È¸ À½¾Ç »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó 24°³ÀÇ ±³Çâ°î°ú ¸¹Àº ÇùÁÖ°îµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ ¼ö¸¹Àº °îÀ» ÀÛ°îÇß´Ù. Çã¼ÈÀº Âû½º ¿¡ºñ½¼(Charles Avison)ÀÌ 1761³â¿¡ ±×¸¦ ´ºÄ³½½ ¿ÀÄɽºÆ®¶óÀÇ Á¦ 1¹ÙÀ̿ø° ¼Ö¸®½ºÆ®·Î ¿µÀÔÇÒ ¶§ ¼±´ú·£µå·Î 1761³â 4¿ù 20ÀÏ¿¡ ±³Çâ°î 8¹ø C´ÜÁ¶¸¦ ¾²±âµµ ÇßÀ¸¸ç, 1760³âºÎÅÍ 1761³â±îÁö ´õ·³ ±º´ÜÀÇ ¸®´õ¿´´Ù. ´ºÄ³½½¿¡¼ÀÇ ½ÃÀý ÀÌÈÄ¿¡, ±×´Â ¸®Áî¿Í ¼º ¿äÇÑ Ä§·Ê ±³È¸(St John the Baptist)ÀÇ Á¦1 ¿À¸£°£ ¿¬ÁÖÀÚ¿´´ø ÇÛ¸®Æѽº·Î °¬´Ù. ±×´Â 1766³â¿¡ ¿ÁŸ°ï ¿¹¹è´çÀÇ ¿À¸£°£ ¿¬ÁÖÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, 1767³â 1¿ù 1ÀÏ¿¡ ±×ÀÇ ÄܼƮ¸¦ ¿¾ú´Ù. ¿À¸£°£ÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡, ±×´Â ¹ÙÀ̿ø° ±³Çâ°î, ¿Àº¸¿¡ ±³Çâ°î, ±×¸®°í ÇÏÇÁ½ÃÄÚµå ¼Ò³ªÅ¸ µîÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÀº ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °îµéÀ» ¿¬ÁÖÇÏ¸é¼ ±×ÀÇ ´ÙÀç´Ù´ÉÇÔÀ» »Ë³Â´Ù. ¿À¸£°£Àº 1767³â 10¿ù¿¡ ¿Ï¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù. [õ¹®ÇÐ] Çã¼ÈÀÇ À½¾ÇÈ°µ¿Àº ±×¸¦ ¼öÇаú ·»Áî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Èï¹Ì¸¦ °¡Áö°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Ãµ¹®Çп¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀº ¿µ±¹ ¿Õ¸³ õ¹®ÇÐÀÚÀÎ ³×ºô ¸¶½ºÄ̸°(Nevil Maskelyne)À» ¸¸³ ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ Ä¿Á®°¬´Ù. ±×´Â ÀڽŸ¸ÀÇ ¹Ý»ç ¸Á¿ø°æÀ» ¸¸µé±â ½ÃÀÛÇß°í, ÇÏ·ç¿¡ 16½Ã°£ ÀÌ»óÀ» ûµ¿ ÁÖ°æÀ» ±ð°í ´Û´Âµ¥ ¸ôµÎÇß´Ù. ±×´Â 1773³â 3¿ù¿¡ Ç༺µé°ú º°µéÀ» º¸±â ½ÃÀÛÇß°í, 1774³â 3¿ù 1ÀÏ¿¡´Â Å伺°í¸®¿Í ¿À¸®¿Â ´ë¼º¿î(M 42)ÀÇ °üÂûÇÑ °ÍÀ» ±â·ÏÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î õ¹®ÇÐ ³í¹®À» ¾²±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. [ÂùÁ¶ 'º°ÀÌ ºû³ª´Â ¹ã'ÀÇ ¹è°æÀ½¾Ç] [½Ö¼º] Çã¼ÈÀÇ Ãʱ⠰üÃøÀº ´«À¸·Î º¸±â¿¡ ¸Å¿ì °¡±îÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ½Ö¼ºÀ» ã´Â µ¥¿¡ ÁýÁßÇß´Ù. ±× ½Ã´ëÀÇ Ãµ¹®ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ º°µéÀÇ ºÐ¸íÇÑ ºÐ¸®¿Í »ó´ëÀûÀÎ À§Ä¡ÀÇ ½Ã°£¿¡ µû¸¥ º¯ÈµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ºÐ¸®¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Áö±¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ °Å¸®¿¡ µû¸¥ ½ÃÂ÷ À̵¿À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ º°µéÀÇ ¿îµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áõ°Å¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ±â´ëÇß´Ù (ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº °¥¸±·¹¿À °¥¸±·¹ÀÌ°¡ óÀ½ Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù). ´º Å·½º°¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±×ÀÇ Áý µÚ¶ã¿¡¼ 6.2ÀÎÄ¡(160mm) ±¸°æ(Ï¢ÌÓ), 7ÇÇÆ®(2.1m) ÃÊÁ¡°Å¸®¸¦ °¡Áø ´ºÅÏ½Ä ¸Á¿ø°æÀ¸·Î 1779³â 10¿ù¿¡, Çã¼ÈÀº 1792³â±îÁö »õ·Ó°Ô ¹ß°ßµÈ °ÍµéÀ» °¡Áö°í õ»óÀÇ ¸ðµç º° Áß¿¡ ±×·¯ÇÑ º°ÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î ã±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×´Â °ð ¿¹»óÇß´ø °Íº¸´Ù ¸¹Àº ½Ö¼º(äªàø)°ú ¿¬¼º(Ö§àø)µéÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß°í, À̵éÀÇ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ À§Ä¡¸¦ Á¤¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¸é¼ 2°³ÀÇ Ä«Å»·Î±×·Î ÆíÁýÇß´Ù. 1782³â(269°³ ½Ã½ºÅÛ)°ú 1784³â(434°³ ½Ã½ºÅÛ)¿¡ ·±´ø ¿Õ¸³ ÇÐȸ¿¡ Á¦ÃâµÇ¾ú´Ù. 1783³â ÀÌÈÄ »õ·Ó°Ô ¹ß°ßµÈ °Íµé·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ¼¼ ¹ø° Ä«Å»·Î±×(145°³ ½Ã½ºÅÛ)´Â 1821³â¿¡ ÃâÆǵǾú´Ù. 1797³â¿¡ Çã¼ÈÀº ±× ¸¹Àº ½Ã½ºÅÛµéÀ» ´Ù½Ã ÃøÁ¤Çß°í, Áö±¸ÀÇ ±Ëµµ·Î ÀÎÇÑ ½ÃÂ÷·ÎºÎÅÍ ±âÀÎÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ó´ëÀû À§Ä¡ÀÇ º¯ÈµéÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ±× µÎ °³ÀÇ º°µéÀÌ »óÈ£ÀûÀÎ Áß·Â ÀηÂÇÏ¿¡¼ °øÀüÇÏ´Â '½Ö¼º°è'¶ó´Â °¡Á¤À» ¹ßÇ¥Çϱâ À§Çؼ 1802³â±îÁö ±â´Ù·È°í, 1803³â¿¡ "Account of the Changes that have happened, during the last Twenty-five Years, in the relative Situation of Double-stars; with an Investigation of the Cause to which they are owing."¶ó´Â ±×ÀÇ Ã¥¿¡¼ È®ÀνÃÄ×´Ù. ±×´Â ÃÑ 800°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ È®ÀÎµÈ ½Ö¼º, ¿¬¼º ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß°í, ±×°Íµé Áß °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµÎ´Â ½Ã°¢ÀûÀÎ ½Ö¼ºµéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ ½Ö¼ºµéÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀû, °üÃøÀû ¾÷ÀûµéÀº Çö´ë ÀÌÁß¼º õ¹®ÇÐÀÇ ±âÃʸ¦ ¸¶·ÃÇß´Ù. [õ¿Õ¼º] 1781³â 3¿ù, ½Ö¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§, Çã¼ÈÀº nonstellar disk·Î ÃßÁ¤µÇ´Â ÇÑ ¹°Ã¼¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. Çã¼ÈÀº óÀ½¿¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ Çý¼ºÀ̳ª º°ÀÏ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ±× ¹°Ã¼¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´õ ¸¹Àº °üÂûÀ» ÇÏ¿´°í, ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ÇмúÀ§¿øÀÎ ¾Ø´õ½º ·º¼¿(Anders Lexell)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±Ëµµ°¡ °è»êµÈ ÈÄ ±×°ÍÀÌ Ç༺ÀÏ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. Çã¼ÈÀº ±× ¹°Ã¼°¡ Å伺 ³Ê¸ÓÀÇ Ç༺ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ Æ²¸²¾ø´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ±×°¡ ¹ß°ßÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Ç༺À», Á¶Áö 3¼¼ÀÇ À̸§À» µû¼- ±×¿¡°Ô È£ÀǸ¦ °¡Á®¿ÔÁö¸¸ ±×´ÙÁö ¸¶À½¿¡ µéÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´ø- "Á¶Áö¾ð ½ºÅ¸(Georgian star)"·Î Áö¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª µÇµµ·ÏÀÌ¸é ¿µ±¹ ¿Õ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ð±ÞÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á´Â ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡¼´Â, ±× Ç༺Àº "õ¿Õ¼º"¶ó´Â ±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ À̸§ÀÌ »ý±â±â Àü±îÁö 'Çã¼È'·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °°Àº ³â¿¡, Çã¼ÈÀº ÄÚÇø® ¸Þ´ÞÀ» ¼ö¿©¹Þ¾Ò°í, ¿Õ¸³ ÇÐȸÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀ¸·Î ¼±ÃâµÇ¾ú´Ù. 1782³â¿¡ ±×´Â "¿ÕÀÇ Á÷¼Ó õ¹®ÇÐÀÚ(The King¡¯s Astronomer)"¶ó´Â Īȣ¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¿©µ¿»ýÀº 1782³â 8¿ù 1ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÄ©(Datchet)À¸·Î ³ªÁß¿¡ À̻縦 ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â °è¼Ó ¸Á¿ø°æÀ» ¸¸µå´Â ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ¿´°í, ±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ ¸í¼ºÀ» ¾ò°Ô µÇ¾î ¿µ±¹°ú À¯·´´ë·úÀÇ Ãµ¹®ÇÐÀڵ鿡°Ô 60°³°¡ ³Ñ´Â ¹Ý»ç°æÀ» ÆÈ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. [õ¹®ÇÐ ¿¬±¸] 1782³âºÎÅÍ 1802³â±îÁö Áß, ÁýÁßÀûÀ¸·Î 1783³âºÎÅÍ 1790³â±îÁö Çã¼ÈÀº 2°³ÀÇ 610cmÀÇ ÃÊÁ¡°Å¸®¿Í, 30cm¿Í 47cm ÀÇ ±¸¸ÛÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¸Á¿ø°æÀ¸·Î ½É¿øõü¿Í nonstellar objects¿¡ °üÇÑ Ã¼°èÀûÀÎ Á¶»ç¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. º¹Á¦µÆ°Å³ª 'ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸°' ÀÔ¼ö¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í, Çã¼ÈÀº 2400°³°¡ ³Ñ´Â ¹°Ã¼µéÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß°í, ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¼º¿îÀ̶ó°í Á¤ÀÇÇß´Ù. (´ç½Ã ¼º¿îÀº ¿¡µåÀ© ÇãºíÀÌ ÀºÇϸ¦ ÀºÇÏ°è ¹ÛÀÇ ÃµÃ¼¶ó°í Á¤ÀÇÇϱâ Àü±îÁö´Â, ½Ã°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ³Î¸® ÆÛÁö°Å³ª ºÐ»êµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¿ì¸® ÀºÇÏ ³Ê¸ÓÀÇ ÃµÃ¼µéÀ» °¡¸®Ä×´Ù.) Çã¼ÈÀº ±×ÀÇ ¹ß°ßµéÀ» 3°³ÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾î ÃâÆÇÇß´Ù: Catalogue of One Thousand New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars (1786), Catalogue of a Second Thousand New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars (1789)¿Í Catalogue of 500 New Nebulae (1802). ±×¸®°í, ±×´Â ±×°¡ ¹ß°ßÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ¿©´ü °³ÀÇ Ç׸ñÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇß´Ù: (I) bright nebulae, (II) faint nebulae, (III) very faint nebulae, (IV) planetary nebulae, (V) very large nebulae, (VI) very compressed and rich clusters of stars, (VII) compressed clusters of small and large [faint and bright] stars, ¿Í (VIII) coarsely scattered clusters of stars. Çã¼ÈÀÌ ¹ß°ßÇÑ °ÍµéÀº ij·Ñ¶óÀÎ Çã¼È°ú ±×ÀÇ ¾Æµé Á¸ Çã¼È¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ´õ º¸ÃæµÇ¾ú°í, ±×°ÍÀº ±×ÀÇ ¾Æµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters·Î ÃâÆǵǾú´Ù. ÀÌ Ç׸ñÀº ³ªÁß¿¡ Á¸ µå·¹À̾î(Jogn Dreyer)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÆíÁýµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ 19¼¼±âÀÇ Ãµ¹®ÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ¹ß°ßÇÑ »ç½Çµé±îÁö º¸ÃæµÇ¾î 1888³â¿¡ New General Catalogue·Î ÃâÆǵǾú´Ù. NGC¹æ½ÄÀº ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁöµµ õüÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ÁöÇüÁö¹°À» ºÐ·ùÇϴµ¥ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ¾²ÀÌ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÌ´Ù. [¿©µ¿»ý ij·Ñ¶óÀÎ Çã¼È°úÀÇ ¿¬±¸] 1783³â¿¡ ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ ¿©µ¿»ý ij·Ñ¶óÀο¡°Ô ¸Á¿ø°æÀ» ÁÖ¾ú°í, ±×³à´Â ÁÖ·Î Çý¼ºÀ» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ±×³à ½º½º·Î õ¹®ÇÐÀû ¹ß°ßÀ» Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×³à´Â 8°³ÀÇ Çý¼º, 11°³ÀÇ ¼º¿îÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß°í, ±×³àÀÇ ¿ÀºüÀÇ Á¦¾È¿¡ ÀÇÇØ, Ç÷¥½ºÆ¼µå°¡ ÇÑ, º°µéÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ±¸Ã¼ÈÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ°í, º¸¿ÏÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷Àº British Catalogue of Stars·Î ÃâÆǵǾú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷ ´öºÐ¿¡ ¿Õ¸³ õ¹®ÇÐ ÇÐȸ·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸í¿¹ ÈÆÀåÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¶Ç, ±×³à´Â ±×³àÀÇ ¿ÀºüÀÇ ¿·¿¡¼ ¿Àºü°¡ ¸Á¿ø°æÀ» ÅëÇØ °üÂûÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ»¶§ Çʱ⸦ ÇÏ¸ç °è¼Ó ¿ÀºüÀÇ Á¶¼ö ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1785³â 6¿ù¿¡, ÃàÃàÇÑ È¯°æ ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×¿Í ij·Ñ¶óÀÎÀº ¿Ãµå À©ÀúÀÇ Å¬·¹ÀÌȦ·Î ÀÌ»çÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1786³â¿¡ ±×µéÀº ½½·Î¿ìÀÇ À©Àú ·Îµå¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î ÁÖÅÃÀ¸·Î ÀÌ»çÇß´Ù. ±×´Â Á×±â Àü±îÁö °è¼Ó ±× ÁÖÅÿ¡¼ »ì¾Ò´Âµ¥, ÀÌ°÷Àº ³ªÁß¿¡ Observatory House·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ °Ç¹°Àº ÇöÁ¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. 1788³â 5¿ù 7ÀÏ, ±×´Â °úºÎ ¸Å¸® ÇÍ°ú ¼º ·Î·»½º ±³È¸¿¡¼ °áÈ¥Çß´Ù. ±× ÈÄ ±×¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¿©µ¿»ýÀº µû·Î »ýÈ°ÇßÁö¸¸, ij·Ñ¶óÀÎÀº °è¼ÓÇؼ ±×ÀÇ Á¶¼ö ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. 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Çã¼ÈÀº Áö±Ý±îÁöµµ ¸¶À»¿¡¼ ¸¹Àº Á¸°æÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¸¶À»¿¡´Â Çã¼ÈÀ» ±â¸®´Â ±â³ä¹°µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. 2011³â¿¡´Â ¸¶À»ÀÇ Á߽ɿ¡ »õ·Î¿î ¹ö½º ¿ªÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ ¹ö½º ¿ªÀÇ µðÀÚÀÎÀº Çã¼ÈÀÇ Àû¿Ü¼± ½ÇÇè¿¡¼ ºñ·ÔµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¶À»ÀÇ ¹éÈÁ¡ÀÎ 'µð ¾÷Àú¹öÅ丮'µµ ±×¸¦ ±â¸®±â À§ÇÑ °Í Áß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. [Çã¼ÈÀÇ À̸§À» µý °Íµé] õ¿Õ¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ±âÈ£´Â Çã¼ÈÀÇ ¼ºÀÇ Ã¹ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. Mu Cephei´Â Çã¼ÈÀÇ °¡´Ö º°À̶ó°íµµ ºÒ¸°´Ù. ´ÞÀÇ Ãæµ¹±¸ Áß Çϳª´Â Çã¼ÈÀ̶ó´Â À̸§À» °¡Á³´Ù. Çã¼ÈÀº ȼºÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ Ãæµ¹±¸ÀÌ´Ù. Å伺ÀÇ ´Þ ¹Ì¸¶½ºÀÇ °Å´ë Ãæµ¹±¸ Áß Çϳª°¡ Çã¼ÈÀÌ´Ù. ¼ÒÇ༺ 2000 Herschel La PalmaÀÇ Àª¸®¾ö Çã¼È ¸Á¿ø°æ Herschel Space Observatory – °°Àº Á¾ ·ùÀÇ ¿ìÁÖ ¸Á¿ø°æÁß¿¡´Â °¡Àå Å©´Ù ½½¶ó¿ìÀÇ Çã¼È °ø¿ø°ú Çã¼È Çб³(Herschel Grammar School), New Slough Bus Station Rue Herschel, Æĸ®ÀÇ 6th ArrondissementÀÇ °Å¸®´Ù City of Bath College, ¹Ù½º¿¡¼´Â Çã¼È ºôµùÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Çã¼È õ¹® ¹Ú¹°°ü ´ºÄ³½½ ´ëÇб³ÀÇ Çã¼È ºôµù ºê¶óÁú School UniversityÀÇ Çã¼È °üÃø¼Ò µ¶ÀÏÀÇ ¹®¹ý Çб³ Herschelschule ij³ª´ÙÀÇ Çã¼È ¸¶À» [ÂùÁ¶ Vincent - Starry, Starry Night] ======================================= William Herschel [Born] Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel, 15 November 1738 Hanover, Brunswick-Luneburg, Holy Roman Empire [Died] 25 August 1822 (aged 83), Slough, England [Resting place] St Laurence's Church, Slough [Residence] Observatory House [Nationality] Hanoverian; later British [Fields] Astronomy and music [Known for] Discovery of Uranus Discovery of infrared radiation Deep sky surveys [Notable awards] Copley Medal (1781) [Spouse] Mary Baldwin Herschel [Children] John Herschel (son) Frederick William Herschel (15 November 1738 ~ 25 August 1822) was a German-born British astronomer, composer, and brother of Caroline Herschel. Born in the Electorate of Hanover, Herschel followed his father into the Military Band of Hanover, before migrating to Great Britain in 1757 at the age of nineteen. Herschel constructed his first large telescope in 1774, after which he spent nine years carrying out sky surveys to investigate double stars. The resolving power of the Herschel telescopes revealed that the nebulae in the Messier catalogue were clusters of stars. Herschel published catalogues of nebulae in 1802 (2,500 objects) and in 1820 (5,000 objects). In the course of an observation on 13 March 1781 he realized that one celestial body he had observed was not a star, but a planet, Uranus. This was the first planet to be discovered since antiquity and Herschel became famous overnight. As a result of this discovery, George III appointed him Court Astronomer. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society and grants were provided for the construction of new telescopes. Herschel pioneered the use of astronomical spectrophotometry as a diagnostic tool, using prisms and temperature measuring equipment to measure the wavelength distribution of stellar spectra. Other work included an improved determination of the rotation period of Mars, the discovery that the Martian polar caps vary seasonally, the discovery of Titania and Oberon (moons of Uranus) and Enceladus and Mimas (moons of Saturn). In addition, Herschel discovered infrared radiation. Herschel was knighted in 1816. He died in August 1822, and his work was continued by his only son, John Herschel. (from naver.com wikipedia.org) Composer, Clusters of stars, Construction ~ (PIG: time-variant) Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C
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