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µàÀÌ-John Dewey, ±³¼ö, öÇÐÀÚ, ±³À°ÇÐÀÚ, USA | ||
Á¸ µàÀÌ (John Dewey) [Ãâ»ý-»ç¸Á] 1859³â 10¿ù 20ÀÏ~1952³â 6¿ù 1ÀÏ (92¼¼) [±¹Àû] ¹Ì±¹ [È°µ¿ºÐ¾ß] öÇÐ, ±³À°ÇÐ ÇÁ·¡±×¸ÓƼÁò ½ÃÄ«°í ÇÐÆÄ [Ãâ»ýÁö] ¹Ì±¹ ¹ö¸óÆ®ÁÖ ¹ú¸µÅÏ [ÁÖ¿ä¼ö»ó] Áß±¹ Á¦À̵å ÈÆÀå(1939), Ä¥·¹ ¸Þ¸®Æ® ÈÆÀå(1949) [ÁÖ¿äÀú¼] ¡¶³í¸®ÇСªÅ½±¸ÀÇ À̷С·(1938) ¡¶°æÇèÀ¸·Î¼ÀÇ ¿¹¼ú¡·(1934) ¡¶Çб³¿Í »çȸ¡·(1899) ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ, ½É¸®ÇÐÀÚ, ±³À°¿îµ¿°¡. ±â´É½É¸®ÇÐÀ» ÁÖâ, ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Çб³ Á¦µµ¿¡ ¸·´ëÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁØ Áøº¸ÁÖÀǸ¦ À̲ø¾ú´Ù. [¿ä¾à] ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚÀÌÀÚ ±³À°ÇÐÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ì³×¼ÒŸ¡¤¹Ì½Ã°£¡¤½ÃÄ«°í¡¤Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ °¢ ´ëÇп¡¼ ±³¼ö¸¦ ¿ªÀÓÇÏ¿´°í 'Àü±¹±³À°Çùȸ' ¸í¿¹È¸ÀåÀ» Áö³Â´Ù. ¼¹ÎÀÇ °æÇèÀ» ÇÁ·¡±×¸ÓƼÁò¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼ÒÈÇÏ¿© º¸ÆíÀû ±³À°Çм³À» âÃâÇÏ¿© ¼¼°è »ç»ó°è¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ´ëÇ¥Àû Àú¼·Î´Â¡¶³í¸®ÇÐ-Ž±¸ÀÇ À̷С·, ¡¶°æÇèÀ¸·Î¼ÀÇ ¿¹¼ú¡· µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ, ÇÁ·¡±×¸ÓƼÁòÀÇ ½ÃÄ«°í ÇÐÆÄÀÇ Ã¢½ÃÀÚ. öÇФý»çȸÇФý±³À°ÇФý¹ÌÇÐ µî¿¡ Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ±¹¿Ü¿¡µµ Æı޵Ǿú´Ù. ¹ö¸óµå ´ëÇп¡¼ ¼öÇÐÇÏ°í ÁÔ½º ȩŲ½º ´ëÇÐÀÇ ´ëÇпøÀ» Á¹¾÷Çß´Ù. ½ÃÄ«°í, ÄÝ·Òºñ¾Æ µî ¹Ì±¹ °¢ÁöÀÇ ´ëÇб³¼ö¸¦ Áö³ÂÀ¸¸ç Áß±¹¤ý¿µ±¹¤ýÀϺ» ¹× °¢Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î °¿¬¿©ÇàÀ» Çß´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÇÁ·¡±×¸ÓƼÁòÀº µµ±¸ÁÖÀÇ(Ô³Îýñ«ëù, instrumentalism) ¶ó°íµµ Çϸç, ¶Ç È޸ӴϽºÆ® ÀÚ¿¬ÁÖÀÇ(humanist naturalism)¶ó°íµµ ºÒ¸°´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀû ÀÔÀåÀº ÁÖ°üÀû °ü³ä·Ð ³»Áö ºÒ°¡Áö·ÐÀÌ°í '°æÇè'À» Áß½ÃÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ ¸»À» ¸Å¿ì ´ÙÀÇÀû(ÒýëòîÜ)À¸·Î »ç¿ëÇߴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ¿Ü°è ¼¼°èµµ °³ÀÎÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ »óȲ(²Þ¤ýº´¤ý°ÅÁþ ±âŸ)À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù°í Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ '°æÇè'À» Ãß»óÀûÀÎ °³ÀÎÀÇ °æÇèÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®ÇÏ°í, °æÇèÀ̾߸»·Î À¯ÀÏÇÑ ½ÇÀçÀÌ¸ç ¿Ü°è´Â °æÇèÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î¼¸¸ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í ¶ÇÇÑ °æÇèÀº ºÒ°¡ºÐÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓÀ» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù°í Çß´Ù. ¶Ç Á¤½Å°ú ¹°Áú, ÀÚ¿¬°ú ÀÚ¾Æ µîÀº °æÇèÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ºÎºÐÀ» ¸íÈ®È÷ ¹àÈ÷´Â ±âÃÊÀ̸ç, ÀνÄÀ̶õ »ýÁ¸ÅõÀïÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î¼ »ý±â´Â »ý¹°Àû ´É·Â¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, °úÇÐÀº Çö½Ç¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇÏ·Á´Â ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ÇÏ°í Çö»ó¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇÒ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø µµ±¸¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ »çȸÇÐÀû °ßÇطδ ºÎ¸£ÁÖ¾Æ ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀûÀÎ »ç°í¸¦ ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÑ ÆòµîÇÑ ±âȸ, ±ÔÄ¢Áö¾îÁø ÀÚÀ¯, °³ÀÎÁÖÀǸ¦ ÁÖâÇß°í, °è±Þ°£ÀÇ ÈÇØ¿Í µµ´öÀû °³Á¶¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »çȸ °³·®À» ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. ±³À°Çп¡¼´Â °³ÀÎÀû ¼÷´Þ¤ýâÀǤý±âȹÀ» öÀúÈ÷ °¡¸£Ä¡´Â ±³À°¹æ¹ý, '½ÇÇè¹æ¹ý'À» °Á¶ÇÏ¿© ¿©±â¼µµ ÇÁ·¡±×¸ÓƼÁòÀûÀÎ ÀÔÀåÀ» ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. 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[Ã߸ð K-Pop] [ÁÖ¿ä Àú¼] ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ¿Í ±³À°(Democracy and Education, 1916³â£© Àΰ£¼º°ú ÇàÀ§(Human Nature and Conduct, 1921³â) °øÁß°ú ±× ¹®Á¦(The Public and its Problems, 1927³â) È®½Ç¼ºÀÇ Å½±¸(The Quest for Certainty, 1929³â) °æÇèÀ¸·Î¼ÀÇ ¿¹¼ú£¨Art as Experience, 1934³â£© °æÇè°ú ±³À° (Experience and Education, 1938³â£© [¾î·Ï] ¢À ¿ì¸®´Â °æÇèÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹è¿ìÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â °æÇèÀ» ¹Ý¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹è¿ó´Ï´Ù. ¢À ±³À°Àº »îÀ» À§ÇÑ Áغñ°¡ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ±³À°Àº »î ±× ÀÚüÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¢À ½ÇÆд ±³À°ÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¼º°ø»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ½ÇÆп¡¼µµ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ó´Ï´Ù. ¢À Çлýµé¿¡°Ô '¹è¿ï °Í'ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó 'ÇÒ °Í'À» ÁֽʽÿÀ. 'ÇÒ °Í'Àº »ý°¢À» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ±×·± ¼ºÁúÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °Å±â¼ ¹è¿òÀº ÀÚ¿¬½º·¹ »ý±é´Ï´Ù. ¢À ¿ì¸®´Â ¹®Á¦¿¡ Á÷¸éÇßÀ» ¶§¸¸ »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¢À ¾îÁ¦ °¡¸£Ä£ °Íó·³ ¿À´ÃÀÇ ÇлýµéÀ» °¡¸£Ä£´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ±×µéÀÇ ³»ÀÏÀ» »©¾Ñ´Â ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¢À ¿¹¼úÀº ÇöÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °¡Àå È¿°úÀûÀÎ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë ¹æ½ÄÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¢À ±³À°Àº »çȸÀû °úÁ¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±³À°Àº ¼ºÀåÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±³À°Àº »îÀ» À§ÇÑ Áغñ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »î ±× ÀÚüÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¢À ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç Â÷ÀÌ´Â 'ÇÒ ¸»ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °Í'°ú '¸»À» ÇØ¾ß µÇ´Â °Í' »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù ====================================== John Dewey [Born] October 20, 1859 Burlington, Vermont, United States [Died] June 1, 1952 (aged 92) New York, New York, United States [Alma mater] University of Vermont, Johns Hopkins University [Era] 20th-century hilosophy [School] Pragmatism [Institutions] University of Michigan, University of Chicago, University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, Columbia University [Main interests] Philosophy of education, Epistemology, Journalism, Ethics [Notable ideas] Reflective thinking American Association of University Professors Immediate empiricism Inquiry into Moscow show trials about Trotsky Educational progressivism John Dewey (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist, Georgist, and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey is one of the primary figures associated with the philosophy of pragmatism and is considered one of the founders of functional psychology. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Dewey as the 93rd most cited psychologist of the 20th century. A well-known public intellectual, he was also a major voice of progressive education and liberalism. Although Dewey is known best for his publications about education, he also wrote about many other topics, including epistemology, metaphysics, aesthetics, art, logic, social theory, and ethics. The overriding theme of Dewey's works was his profound belief in democracy, be it in politics, education or communication and journalism. As Dewey himself stated in 1888, while still at the University of Michigan, "Democracy and the one, ultimate, ethical ideal of humanity are to my mind synonymous." Known for his advocacy of democracy, Dewey considered two fundamental elements—schools and civil society—to be major topics needing attention and reconstruction to encourage experimental intelligence and plurality. Dewey asserted that complete democracy was to be obtained not just by extending voting rights but also by ensuring that there exists a fully formed public opinion, accomplished by communication among citizens, experts, and politicians, with the latter being accountable for the policies they adopt. (from ³×À̹ö µÎ»ê¹é°ú ³ª¹«À§Å° naver.com wikipedia.org µî, Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó, ** Selected & Recommended Youtube Videos are shown. **) Best pragmatism education, influential in education + social reform~ (PIG: time-variant) Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): B+
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