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µå¿ÍÀÌÆ® µ¥À̺ñµå ¾ÆÀÌÁ¨ÇÏ¿ö Dwight David Eisenhower ±ºÀÎ, ¹Ì±¹ À°±º ¿ø¼ö, Á¦34´ë ´ëÅë·É(¹Ì±¹) [Ãâ»ýÀÏ] 1890³â 10¿ù 14ÀÏ ¹Ì±¹ Åػ罺 ÁÖ µ¥´Ï½¼ [¹Ì±¹ Åػ罺 ÁÖ ¿©Çà] [»ç¸ÁÀÏ] 1969³â 3¿ù 28ÀÏ (78¼¼) ¹Ì±¹ ¿ö½ÌÅÏ D.C. [¹Ì±¹ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ ½ÉÀå ¿ö½ÌÅÏ D.C.] [°¡Á·] ¾Æµé Á¸ ¾ÆÀÌÁ¨ÇÏ¿ö [Çз»çÇ×] ~ 1915 ¿þ½ºÆ®Æ÷ÀÎÆ®»ç°üÇб³ [°æ·Â»çÇ×] 1953.01 ~ 1961.01 ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÅë·É (34th) 1951.04 ~ 1952.05 ºÏ´ë¼¾çÁ¶¾à±â±¸ ÃÖ°í»ç·É°ü 1948 ~ 1953 Á¦13´ë ¹Ì±¹ Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ´ëÇб³ ÃÑÀå 1945.11 ~ 1948.02 Á¦16´ë ¹Ì±¹ À°±ºÂü¸ðÃÑÀå 1943 À¯·´¿¬ÇÕ±º ÃÖ°í»ç·É°ü 1942 ºÏ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ¹æ¸é ¿¬ÇÕ±º»ç·É°ü ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Á¦34´ë ´ëÅë·É [ÀÓ±â] 1953³â 1¿ù 20ÀÏ ~ 1961³â 1¿ù 20ÀÏ [ºÎÅë·É] ¸®Ã³µå ´Ð½¼ [ÀüÀÓ] Çظ® S. Æ®·ç¸Õ(Á¦33´ë) [ÈÄÀÓ] Á¸ F. 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Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü ÁßÀÎ 1942³â ºÏ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« Áö¿ª ¿¬ÇÕ±º»ç·É°ü, 1943³â À¯·´¿¬ÇÕ±º ÃÖ°í»ç·É°üÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç 1944³â ¿ª»çÀûÀÎ ³ë¸£¸Áµð »ó·úÀÛÀü(Invasion of Normandy)À» ¼º°ø½ÃÅ´À¸·Î¼, 1945³â 5¿ù ¸¶Ä§³» µ¶ÀÏÀÇ Ç׺¹À» ¹Þ¾Æ³Â´Ù. ÀüÀïÀÌ ³¡³ ÈÄ 1945³â À°±ºÂü¸ðÃÑÀå, 1948³â Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ´ëÇб³ ÃÑÀåÀ» °ÅÃÄ 1950³â »õ·Î â¼³µÈ ³ªÅä(NATO)±º ÃÖ°í»ç·É°üÀ» Áö³Â´Ù. 1952³â ´ëÅë·É¼±°Å¿¡¼ ¹ÎÁÖ´ç ¾Öµé¶óÀÌ ½ºÆ¼ºì½¼(Adlai Stevenson)È常¦ ¹°¸®Ä¡°í ´ç¼±µÇ¾ú´Ù. ´ç¼±Á÷ÈÄÀÎ 1952³â 12¿ù Çѱ¹Àü¼±À» ¹æ¹®ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, [Çѱ¹ÀüÀï- 1952³â 12¿ù ¾ÆÀÌÁ¨ÇÏ¿ö ¹æÇÑ] ´ÙÀ½ ÇØ 7¿ù À̽¸¸ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¹Ý´ë¿¡ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í Çѱ¹ÀüÀïÀ» ÈÞÀüÀ¸·Î ¸¶¹«¸®Çß´Ù. 1960³â ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÅë·ÉÀ¸·Î¼´Â óÀ½À¸·Î Çѱ¹À» ¹æ¹®Çϱ⵵ Çß´Ù. ÃëÀÓ ÈÄ ±¹¹æÁ¤Ã¥À¸·Î ÀûÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ º»°ÝÀû °ø°ÝÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °æ¿ì ÇÙ¹«±â¸¦ ÀûÀçÇÑ Àü·«Æø°Ý±â¸¦ »ç¿ë Áï°¢ ¹Ý°ÝÇÑ´Ù´Â ´º·è(New Look)Àü·« ȤÀº ´ë·®º¸º¹(massive retaliation)Àü·«À» äÅÃÇßÀ¸¸ç, ´ë ¼Ò·Ã°ü°è¿¡¼´Â ¼Ò·ÃÀÇ È®´ë ÆØâÀ» ÀúÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ·Ñ¹é(roll back)Á¤Ã¥À» ÃëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Áßµ¿Áö¿ª¿¡¼ °ø»êÁÖÀDZ¹°¡ÀÇ ¹«·Â ħ°ø½Ã µµ¿òÀ» ¿äûÇÏ´Â ±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °æÁ¦ ¹× ±º»çÁö¿øÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±ÇÇÑÀ» ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô ÁÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¾ÆÀÌÁ¨ÇÏ¿ö µ¶Æ®¸°(Eisenhower Doctrine)À» ÀÇȸ°¡ ½ÂÀÎÇß´Ù. ±×¹Û¿¡ Çѱ¹ÀüÀï°ú ÀεµÂ÷À̳ªÀüÀïÀÇ ÈÞÀü, ¼ö¿¡Áî¿îÇÏ ¹®Á¦ ¼ö½À µî ¼¼°èÆòȸ¦ À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇÏ¿´°í UNÃÑȸ¿¡¼ ±¹Á¦ ¿øÀÚ·Â °ü¸® ±â±¸¸¦ Á¦Ã¢ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ½ºÅ»¸° »ç¸ÁÀÌÈÄ ¼¼°èÆòȸ¦ À§ÇÑ »õ Áú¼ ¸ð»öÀ» À§ÇÑ Á¦³×¹Ù 4´ë±¹ ȸÀÇ¿¡ Âü°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Èĸ£½ÃÃÊÇÁ(Nikita Khrushchev)ÀÇ ¹æ¹Ì·Î Á¶¼ºµÈ ¼Ò·Ã°úÀÇ ÈÇغÐÀ§±â´Â ¼Ò·Ã¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Á¤Âû±â U-2±âÀÇ °ÝÃß·Î »õ·Î¿î ±äÀå°ü°è°¡ Á¶¼ºµÇ±âµµ Çß´Ù. [¹Ì±¹ Ææ½Çº£´Ï¾Æ ¿©Çà(°ÔƼ½º¹ö±×)] 1961³â ÅðÀÓ ÈÄ Ææ½Çº£´Ï¾ÆÁÖ °ÔƼ½º¹ö±× (Gettysburg, Pennsylvania)¿¡¼ ÀºÅð »ýÈ°À» ÇßÀ¸¸ç 1969³â 3¿ù 28ÀÏ ¿ö½ÌÅÏ¿¡¼ ½ÉÀ帶ºñ·Î »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù. [Ã߸ð K-Pop] Àú¼¿¡ ¡¶À¯·´½ÊÀÚ±º(Crusade in Europe)¡·(1948)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. [µå¿ÍÀÌÆ® ¾ÆÀÌÁ¨ÇÏ¿ö ¿¬º¸] 1890 10¿ù 14ÀÏ Åػ罺ÁÖ µ¥´Ï½¼(Denison, Texas)¿¡¼ Ãâ»ý. 1915 ¿þ½ºÆ®Æ÷ÀÎÆ® À°±º»ç°üÇб³(West Point, United States Military Academy)Á¹¾÷. 1916 ¸Å¹Ì Á¦´Ï¹ö ´Ù¿ìµå(Mamie Geneva Doud)¿Í °áÈ¥. 1932 À°±ºÂü¸ðÃÑÀå(¸Æ¾Æ´õÀ屺) º¸Á°ü Áö³¿. 1942 À¯·´ ÁֵР¹Ì±º ÃÑ»ç·É°ü ¿ªÀÓ. 1945 À°±º Âü¸ðÃÑÀå Áö³¿. 1948 Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ ´ëÇÐ ÃÑÀå¿¡ ¼±ÀÓµÊ. [Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ´ëÇб³] 1950 NATO ÃÑ»ç·É°ü ¿ªÀÓ. [³ªÅä: ºÏ´ë¼¾ç Á¶¾à±â±¸] 1953 ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÅë·É¿¡ ´ç¼±µÊ. Çѱ¹ÀüÀï ÈÞÀü ÇùÁ¤ ¼º¸³½ÃÅ´. 1961 ´ëÅë·ÉÁ÷ ÅðÀÓ. 1969 3¿ù 28ÀÏ ¿ö½ÌÅÏ¿¡¼ »ç¸Á. [ÁÖ¿ä ¾÷Àû ¿ä¾à] µå¿ÍÀÌÆ® µ¥À̺ñµå ¾ÆÀÌÁ¨ÇÏ¿ö(Dwight David Eisenhower, 1890³â 10¿ù 14ÀÏ ~ 1969³â 3¿ù 28ÀÏ)´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ±ºÀÎÀÌÀÚ Á¤Ä¡°¡·Î, ¹Ì±¹ À°±º ¿ø¼öÀ̾ú°í 1953³âºÎÅÍ 1961³â±îÁö ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ 34¹ø° ´ëÅë·ÉÀ» Áö³Â´Ù. 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[ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ] ====================================== Dwight Eisenhower [Personal details] [Born] October 14, 1890 Denison, Texas, U.S. [Died] March 28, 1969 (aged 78) Walter Reed General Hospital Washington, D.C., U.S. [Resting place] Eisenhower Presidential Center Abilene, Kansas, U.S. [Political party] Republican [Spouse(s)] Mamie Doud (m. 1916; his death 1969) [Children] Doud and John [Alma mater] U.S. Military Academy [Profession] Army officer, Politician [Religion] Presbyterian [Awards] Army Distinguished Service Medal (5) Navy Distinguished Service Medal Legion of Merit Order of the Southern Cross Order of the Bath Order of Merit Legion of Honor [Military service] Allegiance: United States of America Service/branch: United States Army Years of service: 1915–1953, 1961–1969 Rank: General of the Army Battles/wars: World War I, World War II Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961, and the last U.S. President to have been born in the 19th century. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43 and the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944–45 from the Western Front. In 1951, he became the first Supreme Commander of NATO. Eisenhower was of Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry and was raised in a large family in Kansas by parents with a strong religious background. He graduated from West Point and later married and had two sons. After World War II, Eisenhower served as Army Chief of Staff under President Harry S. Truman and then accepted the post of President at Columbia University. Eisenhower entered the 1952 presidential race as a Republican to counter the non-interventionism of Senator Robert A. Taft, campaigning against "communism, Korea and corruption". He won in a landslide, defeating Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson and temporarily upending the New Deal Coalition. Eisenhower's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. In the first year of his presidency, he threatened the use of nuclear weapons in order to conclude the Korean War; his New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing funding for conventional military forces. In 1954, Eisenhower rejected the use of military force to help the French retain their colony of Vietnam. Congress agreed to his request in 1955 for the Formosa Resolution, which obliged the U.S. to militarily support the pro-Western Republic of China in Taiwan and continue the ostracism of the People's Republic of China. After the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the space race. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, Eisenhower condemned the Israeli, British and French invasion of Egypt, and forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet invasion during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 but took no action. In 1958, Eisenhower sent 15,000 U.S. troops to Lebanon to prevent the pro-Western government from falling to a Nasser-inspired revolution. Near the end of his term, his efforts to set up a summit meeting with the Soviets collapsed because of the U-2 incident. In his January 17, 1961 farewell address to the nation, Eisenhower expressed his concerns about the dangers of corporate control of Congress and massive military spending, particularly deficit spending and government contracts to private military manufacturers, and coined the term "Military-Industrial-Congressional Complex". On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking the modern expanded version of executive privilege. He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. He was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security. He also launched the Interstate Highway System, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the establishment of strong science education via the National Defense Education Act, and encouraged peaceful use of nuclear power via amendments to the Atomic Energy Act. As a part of his domestic policy, he sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, for the first time since Reconstruction to enforce federal court orders to desegregate public schools. He also signed civil rights legislation in 1957 and 1960 to protect the right to vote. He implemented desegregation of the armed forces in two years and made five appointments to the Supreme Court. He was the first term-limited president in accordance with the 22nd Amendment. Eisenhower's two terms saw considerable economic prosperity except for a sharp recession in 1958–59. Voted Gallup's most admired man twelve times, he achieved widespread popular esteem both in and out of office. Since the late 20th century, consensus among Western scholars has consistently held Eisenhower as one of the greatest U.S. Presidents. ------------------------------- [Korean War, China, and Taiwan] In late 1952 Eisenhower went to Korea and discovered a military and political stalemate. Once in office, when the Chinese began a buildup in the Kaesong sanctuary, he threatened to use nuclear force if an armistice was not concluded. His earlier military reputation in Europe was effective with the Chinese. The National Security Council, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Strategic Air Command (SAC) devised detailed plans for nuclear war against China. With the death of Stalin in early March 1953, Russian support for a Chinese hard-line weakened and China decided to compromise on the prisoner issue. In July 1953, an armistice took effect with Korea divided along approximately the same boundary as in 1950. The armistice and boundary remain in effect today, with American soldiers stationed there to guarantee it. The armistice, concluded despite opposition from Secretary Dulles, South Korean President Syngman Rhee, and also within Eisenhower's party, has been described by biographer Ambrose as the greatest achievement of the administration. Eisenhower had the insight to realize that unlimited war in the nuclear age was unthinkable, and limited war unwinnable. A point of emphasis in Ike's campaign had been his endorsement of a policy of liberation from communism as opposed to a policy of containment. This remained his preference despite the armistice with Korea. Throughout his terms Eisenhower took a hard-line attitude toward China, as demanded by conservative Republicans, with the goal of driving a wedge between China and the Soviet Union. Eisenhower continued Truman's policy of recognizing the Republic of China (based in Formosa/Taiwan) as the legitimate government of China, not the Beijing regime. There were localized flare-ups when the Red Army began shelling the islands of Quemoy and Matsu in September 1954. Eisenhower received recommendations embracing every variation of response to the aggression of the Chinese communists. He thought it essential to have every possible option available to him as the crisis unfolded. The Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty with Taiwan was signed in December 1954. He requested and secured from Congress their "Formosa Resolution" in January 1955, which gave Eisenhower unprecedented power in advance to use military force at any level of his choosing in defense of Formoso and the Pescadores. The Resolution bolstered the morale of the Chinese nationalists, and signaled to Beijing that the U.S. was committed to holding the line. Eisenhower openly threatened the Chinese with use of nuclear weapons, authorizing a series of bomb tests labeled Operation Teapot. Nevertheless, he left the Chinese communists guessing as to the exact nature of his nuclear response. This allowed Eisenhower to accomplish all of his objectives—the end of this communist encroachment, the retention of the Islands by the Chinese nationalists and continued peace. Defense of Taiwan from an invasion remains a core American policy. By the end of 1954 Eisenhower's military and foreign policy experts—the NSC, JCS and State Dept.—had unanimously urged him, on no less than five occasions, to launch an atomic attack against China; yet he consistently refused to do so and felt a distinct sense of accomplishment in having sufficiently confronted communism while keeping world peace. (from naver.com wikipedia.org ³×À̹ö Áö½Ä¹é°ú µÎ»ê¹é°ú µî, Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó, ** Selected & Recommended Youtube Videos are shown. **) Battles, Big war, Influence(+) ~ (PIG: time-variant) Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): B+[Map of Consciousness] (MoC: Map of Consciousness) ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ MoC(ÀÇ½Ä ¼öÁØ): 500+
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