CCG | ´ëó Margaret Thatcher | |
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´ëó-Margaret Thatcher, Á¤Ä¡ÀÎ, PM, England | ||
¸¶°Å¸´ ´ëó Margaret Hilda Thatcher ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Á¦52´ë ÃѸ® [Ãâ»ýÀÏ] 1925³â 10¿ù 13ÀÏ [Ãâ»ýÁö] À×±Û·£µå ¸µÄÁ¼Å ÁÖ ±×·£¼¶ [»ç¸ÁÀÏ] 2013³â 4¿ù 8ÀÏ (87¼¼) [»ç¸ÁÁö] À×±Û·£µå ·±´ø [Á¤´ç] º¸¼ö´ç [ÇзÂ] ¿Á½ºÆÛµå ´ëÇб³ ¼¸Óºô Ä®¸®Áö [Á¾±³] ¼º°øȸ (Àü °¨¸®±³) [¹è¿ìÀÚ] µ¥´Ï½º ´ëó(1951-2003, »çº°) [ÀÚ³à] ij·Ñ, ¸¶Å© ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Á¦52´ë ÃѸ® [ÀÓ±â] 1979³â 5¿ù 4ÀÏ~1990³â 11¿ù 28ÀÏ [ÀüÀÓ] Á¦ÀÓ½º Ķ·¯Çå(Á¦51´ë) [ÈÄÀÓ] Á¸ ¸ÞÀÌÀú(Á¦53´ë) [±¹Àû] ¿µ±¹ [¿ä¾à] ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡°¡·Î ±³À°¡¤°úÇÐÀå°ü µîÀ» Áö³»°í º¸¼ö´ç ´ç¼ö¸¦ °ÅÃÄ ¿µ±¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¿©ÃѸ®°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±äÃàÀçÁ¤À¸·Î °æÁ¦ºÎÈïÀ» ÀÌ·ç°í ȹ±âÀûÀÎ Á¤Ã¥ ÃßÁø°ú µ¶´ÜÀûÀÎ Á¤ºÎ¿î¿µÀ¸·Î 'öÀÇ ¿©ÀÎ'À̶ó ºÒ¸®¸ç 3±â¶ó´Â ÃÖÀå±â Áý±ÇÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿Á½ºÆÛµå´ëÇÐÀÇ ¼¸Óºô Ä®¸®Áö¸¦ Á¹¾÷ÇÏ°í, 1951³â µ¥´Ï½º ´ëó¿Í °áÈ¥ÇÏ¿© ½ÖµÕÀÌ ³²¸Å¸¦ µÎ¾ú´Ù. 1953³â º¯È£»ç ÀÚ°ÝÀ» Ãëµæ, 1959³â º¸¼ö´ç ¼Ò¼ÓÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿øÀÇ¿ø¿¡ ´ç¼±µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, 1961¡1964³â ¿¬±Ý¡¤±¹¹Îº¸ÇèºÎ Á¤¹«Â÷°ü, 1970¡1974³â ±³À°¡¤°úÇÐÀå°üÀ» Áö³Â´Ù. 1975³â E.È÷½º¸¦ ¹°¸®Ä¡°í ¿µ±¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¿©¼º ´ç¼ö(º¸¼ö´ç)·Î ¼±ÃâµÇ¾ú´Ù. 1979³â ³ëµ¿´çÀÇ L.J.Ķ·¯Çå ³»°¢ÀÌ ÀÇȸ¿¡¼ ºÒ½ÅÀÓ°áÀǸ¦ ´çÇÏ°í ÇØ»êµÈ Á÷ÈÄÀÇ ÃѼ±°Å¿¡¼ ´ëó°¡ ¿µµµÇÏ´Â º¸¼ö´çÀÌ ½Â¸®ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿µ±¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¿©ÃѸ®¿¡ ÃëÀÓÇÏ¿´´Ù. Áý±Ç ÈÄ ±äÃàÀçÁ¤À» ½Ç½ÃÇÏ¿© ¿µ±¹ÀÇ °æÁ¦ºÎÈïÀ» ÀÌ·èÇÏ¿´°í, 1982³âÀÇ Æ÷Ŭ·£µåÀüÀï¿¡¼µµ ¶Ù¾î³ Á¤Ä¡Àû ¿ª·®À» ¹ßÈÖÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1983¡¤1987³â ½Ç½ÃµÈ ÃѼ±°Å¿¡¼ º¸¼ö´çÀÌ ½Â¸®, 3±â¸¦ ¿¬ÀÓÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿µ±¹ »ç»ó ÃÖÀå±â Áý±ÇÀÇ ÃѸ®°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±× ÈÄ °ú°¨ÇÑ »çÀ¯È¿Í ³ëÁ¶ÀÇ ¿ÍÇØ, ±³À°¡¤ÀÇ·á µî °ø°øºÐ¾ß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÆøÀûÀÎ ±¹°íÁö¿ø »è°¨ µî ȹ±âÀûÀÎ Á¤Ã¥ ÃßÁø°ú µ¶´ÜÀûÀÎ Á¤ºÎ¿î¿µ µîÀ¸·Î ¡®Ã¶(ôÑ)ÀÇ ¿©ÀΡ¯À̶ó ºÒ¸®°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1986³â 5¿ù Çѱ¹À» ¹æ¹®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1990³â À¯·´ÅëÇÕ ¹Ý´ëÀÔÀåÀ» °í¼öÇÏ´Ù°¡ ´ç ÁöµµºÎÀÇ ¹Ý¹ßÀ» »ç°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÚÁø »çÀÓÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, 1991³â 5¿ù Á¤°è¸¦ ÀºÅðÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1992³â ³²ÀÛ ÀÛÀ§(ÄɽºÆ¼ºìÀÇ ´ëó ³²ÀÛ)¸¦ ¹Þ°í ±ÍÁ·È¸ÀÇÀÎ »ó¿øÀÇ¿øÀ¸·Î È°µ¿À» Àç°³ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 2013³â ³úÁ¹ÁßÀ¸·Î Ÿ°èÇß´Ù. -------------------------------------- ¸¶°Å¸´ Èú´Ù ´ëó ¿©³²ÀÛ(Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, 1925³â 10¿ù 13ÀÏ~2013³â 4¿ù 8ÀÏ)Àº 1979³âºÎÅÍ 1990³â±îÁö ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ÃѸ®¸¦ Áö³½ Á¤Ä¡°¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¿µ±¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¿©¼º º¸¼ö´ç ´ç¼öÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. ´ëó´Â ¿µ±¹º´À» ±Øº¹ÇÑ Àι°·Î ºñÁ¤µÈ´Ù. Áý±Ç ÈÄ ±äÃàÀçÁ¤À» ½Ç½ÃÇÏ¿© ¹°°¡ ÀλóÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÌÈÄ ¼Òµæ¼¼ °¨¸é, ¼Òºñ¼¼¿Í °£Á¢¼¼ Áõ°¡, ÀºÇà ±Ý¸®¿Í ÀÌÀÚÀ² Áõ°¡, Á¤ºÎ ±Ô¸ð Ãà¼Ò, ½Ç·Â ¼º°úÁ¦µµ µµÀÔ, Á¤ºÎ ±Ô¸ð Ãà¼Ò, ¹Î°£ ±â¾÷ÀÇ ¾÷¹« °£¼ÒÈ ÃßÁø µîÀ» ÅëÇØ ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ÀüüÀû °æÁ¦ ¼ºÀå·üÀ» Ç÷¯½º·Î µ¹·Á³õ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀ» Àâ´Âµ¥µµ ±â¿©Çß´Ù. 1982³â ¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ª¿ÍÀÇ Æ÷Ŭ·£µå ÀüÀï¿¡¼ ½Â¸®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿µ±¹ ¿Á½ºÆÛµå´ëÇÐÀÇ ¼¸Óºô Ä®¸®Áö¿¡¼ ¹ýÇаú ÈÇÐÀ» Àü°øÇÏ°í, 1959³â º¸¼ö´ç ¿µ±¹ ÇÏ¿ø ÀÇ¿ø¿¡ ´ç¼±µÇ¾î Á¤°è¿¡ ÀÔ¹®Çß´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ 1961³â¡1964³â ¿¬±Ý¤ý±¹°¡º¸Çè Á¤¹«´ã´ç Â÷°ü, 1970³âºÎÅÍ 74³â±îÁö´Â º¸¼ö´ç È÷½º ³»°¢ÀÇ ±³À°ºÎÀå°ü, °úÇкÎÀå°üÀ» Áö³Â´Ù. 1975³â¿¡´Â º¸¼ö´çÀÇ ´ç¼ö·Î ¼±¹ßµÇ¾î ¿µ±¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¿©¼º ´ç¼ö°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1979³â ÃѼ±°Å¿¡¼´Â ³ëµ¿´çÀÇ Á¦ÀÓ½º Ķ·¯Çå Àü ¼ö»óÀ» ´©¸£°í ½Â¸®ÇÏ¿© ù ¿©¼º ÃѸ®°¡ µÆ´Ù. Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ÁöÁö¸¦ ¾ò¾î 1987³â ÃѼ±°Å¿¡ ÀÇÇØ 3¼±¿¡ ¼º°øÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, À̸¦ ÅëÇØ 20¼¼±â ¿µ±¹ ÃѸ® Áß °¡Àå ±ä 11³â 209ÀÏÀÇ ÀçÀӱⰣÀ» Áö³Â´Ù. À¯·´¿¡¼ Ç÷ÅëÀ̳ª Àç»ê, °áÈ¥ÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í °´ë±¹ÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚ°¡ µÈ ¿ª»ç»ó ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¿©¼º Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. º¸¼öÀûÀÌ¸ç ¿ÂÈÇϸ鼵µ °°æÇÑ ¼ºÇ°À¸·Î öÀÇ ¿©ÀÎ(Iron Lady)À̶ó´Â º°¸íÀ¸·Î ºÒ·Á¼, Àü±â ¿µÈ ¡¶Ã¶ÀÇ ¿©ÀΡ·µµ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. ======================================= Margaret Hilda Thatcher Prime Minister of the United Kingdom [In office] 4 May 1979 – 28 November 1990 [Monarch] Elizabeth II [Preceded by] James Callaghan [Succeeded by] John Major [Personal details] [Born] Margaret Hilda Roberts 13 October 1925 Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, UK [Died] 8 April 2013 (aged 87) Westminster, London, England, UK [Political party] Conservative [Spouse(s)] Denis Thatcher (m. 1951; died 2003) [Children] Carol Thatcher Mark Thatcher [Parents] Alfred and Beatrice [Alma mater] Somerville College, Oxford Inns of Court [Profession] Chemist Lawyer Politician [Religion] Church of England (1951–2013) Methodist (1925–1951) Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS (13 October 1925 – 8 April 2013) was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and the Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British Prime Minister of the 20th century and is currently the only woman to have held the office. A Soviet journalist called her the "Iron Lady", a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism. Originally a research chemist before becoming a barrister, Thatcher was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Finchley in 1959. Edward Heath appointed her Secretary of State for Education and Science in his 1970 government. In 1975, Thatcher defeated Heath in the Conservative Party leadership election to become Leader of the Opposition and became the first woman to lead a major political party in the United Kingdom. She became Prime Minister after winning the 1979 general election. On moving into 10 Downing Street, Thatcher introduced a series of political and economic initiatives intended to reverse high unemployment and Britain's struggles in the wake of the Winter of Discontent and an ongoing recession. Her political philosophy and economic policies emphasised deregulation (particularly of the financial sector), flexible labour markets, the privatisation of state- owned companies, and reducing the power and influence of trade unions. Thatcher's popularity during her first years in office waned amid recession and high unemployment, until the 1982 Falklands War brought a resurgence of support, resulting in her re-election in 1983. Thatcher was re-elected for a third term in 1987. During this period her support for a Community Charge (referred to as the "poll tax") was widely unpopular, and her views on the European Community were not shared by others in her Cabinet. She resigned as Prime Minister and party leader in November 1990, after Michael Heseltine launched a challenge to her leadership. After retiring from the Commons in 1992, she was given a life peerage as Baroness Thatcher, of Kesteven in the county of Lincolnshire, which entitled her to sit in the House of Lords. After a series of small strokes in 2002, she was advised to withdraw from public speaking, and in 2013 she died of another stroke in London at the age of 87. [from ³×À̹ö Áö½Ä¹é°ú µÎ»ê¹é°ú naver.com wikipedia.org] Conservative, Chemist, Church, Community Charge, Influence(+) ~ (PIG: time-variant) Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C+
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