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¸ðµå¸®Ä¡-Paul Modrich, 2015 ³ëº§È­Çлó, USA
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======================================

Paul L. Modrich

[Born] Paul Lawrence Modrich
13 June 1946
Raton, New Mexico, USA

[Nationality] United States

[Fields] DNA mismatch repair

[Institutions]
Duke University
Howard Hughes Medical Institute

[Alma mater]
Stanford University (PhD)

[Known for]
Clarification of cellular resistance to
carcinogens

[Notable awards]
Nobel Prize (2015)

Paul Lawrence Modrich
(born 13 June 1946) is the James B.
Duke Professor of Biochemistry at Duke
University and Investigator at the
Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

He received his Ph.D. from Stanford
University in 1973, and went for
undergraduate at MIT (class of 1968).
He is known for his research on DNA
mismatch repair.

[Award]
He has been awarded the Nobel prize for
chemistry 2015 jointly with Aziz Sancar
and Tomas Lindahl.

Dr. Modrich is also a fellow of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences,
the Institute of Medicine and the
National Academy of Science.

-------------------------------------

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
has decided to award the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry for 2015 to

Tomas Lindahl
Francis Crick Institute and Clare Hall
Laboratory, Hertfordshire, UK

Paul Modrich
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
Duke University School of Medicine,
Durham, NC, USA

and

Aziz Sancar
University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, NC, USA

¡°for mechanistic studies of DNA repair"

----------

The cells¡¯ toolbox for DNA repair

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 is
awarded to Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich
and Aziz Sancar for having mapped, at a
molecular level, how cells repair
damaged DNA and safeguard the genetic
information. Their work has provided
fundamental knowledge of how a living
cell functions and is, for instance,
used for the development of new cancer
treatments.

Each day our DNA is damaged by UV
radiation, free radicals and other
carcinogenic substances, but even
without such external attacks, a DNA
molecule is inherently unstable.

Thousands of spontaneous changes to a
cell¡¯s genome occur on a daily basis.
Furthermore, defects can also arise
when DNA is copied during cell
division, a process that occurs several
million times every day in the human body.

The reason our genetic material does
not disintegrate into complete chemical
chaos is that a host of molecular
systems continuously monitor and repair
DNA. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015
awards three pioneering scientists who
have mapped how several of these repair
systems function at a detailed
molecular level.

In the early 1970s, scientists believed
that DNA was an extremely stable
molecule, but Tomas Lindahl
demonstrated that DNA decays at a rate
that ought to have made the development
of life on Earth impossible.

This insight led him to discover a molecular
machinery, base excision repair, which
constantly counteracts the collapse of our DNA.

Aziz Sancar has mapped nucleotide
excision repair, the mechanism that
cells use to repair UV damage to DNA.
People born with defects in this repair
system will develop skin cancer if they
are exposed to sunlight. The cell also
utilises nucleotide excision repair to
correct defects caused by mutagenic
substances, among other things.

Paul Modrich has demonstrated how the
cell corrects errors that occur when
DNA is replicated during cell division.
This mechanism, mismatch repair,
reduces the error frequency during DNA
replication by about a thousandfold.
Congenital defects in mismatch repair
are known, for example, to cause a
hereditary variant of colon cancer.

The Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 2015
have provided fundamental insights into
how cells function, knowledge that can
be used, for instance, in the
development of new cancer treatments.

(from naver.com wikipedia.org ¿¬ÇÕ´º½º etoday.co.kr µî)


Chemistry, Clarification of Cellular resistance to Carcinogens ~
(PIG: time-variant)

Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C+


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