CCG ¸Æµµ³Îµå Arthur McDonald
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======================================

Arthur B. McDonald

[Born] 1943, Sydney, Canada

Affiliation at the time of the award:
Queen's University, Kingston, Canada

Prize motivation: "for the discovery of
neutrino oscillations, which shows that
neutrinos have mass"

Prize share: 1/2

======================================

Arthur B. McDonald
[Born] Arthur Bruce McDonald
August 29, 1943
Sydney, Nova Scotia

[Residence]
Kingston, Ontario
[Citizenship] Canadian
[Fields] Astrophysics
[Institutions]
Princeton University, Queen's
University

[Alma mater]
Dalhousie University, Caltech

[Known for]
Solving the solar neutrino problem

[Notable awards]
Benjamin Franklin Medal (2007)
Henry Marshall Tory Medal (2011)
Nobel Prize in Physics (2015)

Arthur "Art" Bruce McDonald, OC OOnt
FRSC (born August 29, 1943) is a
Canadian physicist and the Director of
Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Institute.
He also holds Gordon and Patricia Gray
Chair in Particle Astrophysics at
Queen's University in Kingston,
Ontario. He was jointly awarded the
2015 Nobel Prize in Physics, together
with Takaaki Kajita.

[Early life]
Born in Sydney, Nova Scotia,
McDonald graduated with a B.Sc. in
Physics in 1964 and M.Sc. in Physics in
1965 from Dalhousie University in Nova
Scotia. He completed his Ph.D. in
Physics from the California Institute
of Technology.

[Academic career]
McDonald worked as a research officer
at the Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories
northwest of Ottawa from 1970 to 1982.
He became professor of physics at
Princeton University from 1982 to 1989,
leaving Princeton to join Queen's
University. He is currently the
University Research Chair at Queen's University.

[Research]
Physicists have been investigating
whether or not neutrinos have mass.
Since the late 1960s, experiments have
hinted that neutrinos may have mass.
Theoretical models of the Sun predict
that neutrinos should be made in
staggering numbers. Neutrino detectors
on the Earth have repeatedly seen fewer
than the expected number of neutrinos.
Because neutrinos come in three
varieties (electron, muon, and tau
neutrinos), and because solar neutrino
detectors have been primarily sensitive
only to electron neutrinos, the
preferred explanation over the years is
that those "missing" neutrinos had
changed, or oscillated, into a variety
for which the detectors had little or
no sensitivity. If a neutrino
oscillates, according to the laws of
quantum mechanics, then it must have a mass.

In August 2001, a collaboration at the
Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO), a
detector facility located 6,800 feet
(2,100 m) underground in a mine outside
Sudbury, Ontario, led by Arthur B.
McDonald, checked in with a direct
observation suggesting that electron
neutrinos from the Sun really were
oscillating into muon and tau
neutrinos. SNO published its report in
the August 13, 2001, issue of Physical
Review Letters, and it is widely
considered as a very important result.
McDonald and Yoji Totsuka were awarded
the 2007 Benjamin Franklin Medal in
Physics "for discovering that the three
known types of elementary particles
called neutrinos change into one
another when traveling over
sufficiently long distances, and that
neutrinos have mass".

[Honours]
2006, made an Officer of the Order of
Canada
Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society
(FRS) in 2009
2011, awarded the Royal Society of
Canada's Henry Marshall Tory Medal in
recognition for having "brought great
honour and intellectual wealth to Canada".
2015, awarded the Nobel Prize in
Physics jointly with Takaaki Kajita for
the discovery of neutrino oscillations,
which shows that neutrinos have mass.

(from naver.com Chosun.com wikipedia.org µî)


Canadian, CalTech, influential(+)~
(PIG: time-variant)

Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C+


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