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ÀÌ°ÍÀ» Á¦2Çõ¸íÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× ÇØ 10¿ù¿¡ Á¤½ÄÀ¸·Î ÃÊ´ë ´ëÃÑÅë ¿¡ ÃëÀÓ, ±¹¹Î´çÀ» ÇØ»ê½ÃÅ°°í ´ëÃÑÅë¼±°Å ¹ýÀ» °³Á¤ÇÏ¿© µ¶ÀçüÁ¦¸¦ È®¸³ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× ´Â Á¾½Å ´ëÃÑÅëÀÌ µÇ°íÀÚ ÇßÀ¸¸ç ÈÄ¿¡´Â Ȳ Á¦°¡ µÇ·Á´Â ¾ß½ÉÀ» Ç°°í 1915³â 5¿ù ÀϺ» ÀÇ 21°³Á¶ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´À¸¸ç, ȲÁ¦Ãß´ë ¿îµ¿À» Àü°³½ÃÄÑ 1916³â 1¿ù ½º½º·Î ȲÁ¦ ¶ó ĪÇÏ°í, ¿¬È£¸¦ È«Çå(ûóúÊ)À¸·Î °³¿ø(ËÇ êª)ÇÑ´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¹Ý´ëÆÄ´Â ¹° ·Ð ÁöÁö¼¼·ÂÀÇ ºÒ¸¸±îÁö ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ¿© ¹Ý¿ø(Úã ê¾)¿îµ¿ÀÌ È®´ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª 1Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀüÀ¸·Î ´õÀÌ»ó ¼±¸ ¿° µéÀº ±×¸¦ Áö¿øÇØ ÁÖÁö ¸øÇß°í ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¿µ±¹ ¤ý·¯½Ã¾Æ¤ýÀϺ» µî ÁÖº¯ °´ë±¹µµ ȲÁ¦Á¦ µµ Ãë¼Ò¸¦ ±Ç°íÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ȲÁ¦¿¡ ¿À ¸¥ 3°³¿ù¸¸ÀÎ 1916³â 3¿ù ȲÁ¦Á¦µµ öȸ¸¦ ¼±¾ðÇÏ°í ±×ÇØ 6¿ù 6ÀÏ ¸¸¼º ÇÇ·Î¿Í ¿äµ¶Áõ À¸·Î »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù. ======================================== Yuan Shikai ê¾á¦Ë [Born] 16 September 1859 Xiangcheng, Henan, Qing Dynasty [Died] 6 June 1916 (aged 56) Beijing, Republic of China [Political party] Beiyang clique Republican Party [Spouse(s)] Yu Yishang Lady Shen, concubine Lady Lee, concubine Lady Kim, concubine Lady O, concubine Lady Yang, concubine Lady Ye, concubine Lady Zhang, concubine Lady Guo, concubine Lady Liu, concubine [Children] Yuan Keding Yuan Kewen 15 other sons 15 daughters [Occupation] General, politician Yuan Shikai (16 September 1859 ~ 6 June 1916) was a Chinese warlord, famous for his influence during the late Qing dynasty, his role in the events leading up to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor, his autocratic rule as the first formal President of the Republic of China, and his short-lived attempt to restore monarchy in China, with himself as the Hongxian Emperor (Chinese: ûóúÊüÕð¨). [Evaluation and legacy] Historians in China have considered Yuan's rule mostly negatively. He introduced far-ranging modernizations in law and social areas, and trained and organized one of China's first modern armies. But the loyalty Yuan had fostered in the armed forces dissolved after his death, undermining the authority of the central government. Yuan financed his regime through large foreign loans, and is criticized for weakening Chinese morale and international prestige, and for allowing the Japanese to gain broad concessions over China. Jonathan Spence, however, notes in his influential survey that Yuan was "ambitious, both for his country and for himself", and that "even as he subverted the constitution, paradoxically he sought to build on late-Qing attempts at reforms and to develop institutions that would bring strong and stable government to China." To gain foreign confidence and end the hated system of extraterritoriality, Yuan strengthened the court system and invited foreign advisers to reform the penal system. After Yuan's death, there was an effort by Li Yuanhong to revive the Republic by recalling the legislators who had been ejected in 1913, but this effort was confused and ineffective in asserting central control. Li lacked any support from the military. There was a short-lived effort in 1917 to revive the Qing dynasty led by the loyalist general Zhang Xun, but his forces were defeated by rival warlords later that year. After the collapse of Zhang's movement, all pretense of strength from the central government collapsed, and China descended into a period of warlordism. Over the next several decades, the offices of both the president and Parliament became the tools of militarists, and the politicians in Peking became dependent on regional governors for their support and political survival. For this reason, Yuan is sometimes called "the Father of the Warlords". However, it is not accurate to attribute China's subsequent age of warlordism as a personal preference, since in his career as a military reformer he had attempted to forge a modern army based on the Japanese model. Throughout his lifetime, he demonstrated an understanding of staffing, military education, and regular transfers of officer personnel, combining these skills to create China's first modern military organisation. After his return to power in 1911, however, he seemed willing to sacrifice his legacy of military reform for imperial ambitions, and instead ruled by a combination of violence and bribery that destroyed the idealism of the early Republican movement. In the CCTV Production Towards the Republic, Yuan is portrayed through most of his early years as an able administrator, although a very skilled manipulator of political situations. His self-proclamation as Emperor is largely depicted as being influenced by external forces, especially that of his son, prince Yuan Keding. A bixi (stone tortoise) with a stele in honor of Yuan Shikai, which was installed in Anyang's Huanyuan Park soon after his death, was (partly) restored in 1993. (from ³×À̹ö Áö½Ä¹é°ú µÎ»ê¹é°ú ¹Ú¹®°¢ naver.com wikipedia.org) Dfeated, Dictator, qing Dynasty, mostly Negative(-) rule~ (PIG: time-variant) Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): D-
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