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Ä«³×±â-Andrew Carnegie,ö°¿Õ,Industrialist,USA | ||
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[¹Ì±¹ ÇÇÃ÷¹ö±×] ¾î·Á¼ºÎÅÍ ¹æÀû°ø ¡¤±â°üÁ¶¼ö ¡¤Àüº¸¹è´Þ¿ø ¡¤Àü½Å±â»ç µîÀÇ ¿©·¯ Á÷¾÷¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ´Ù°¡, 1853³â Ææ½Çº£À̴ϾÆöµµÈ¸»ç¿¡ ÃëÁ÷ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1865³â±îÁö ÀÌ°÷¿¡¼ ±Ù¹«ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È, ħ´ëÂ÷ȸ»ç¿¡ ÅõÀÚÇÏ¿© Å« ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾ò¾úÀ¸¸ç öµµ±âÀçÁ¦Á¶È¸»ç ¡¤¿î¼Ûȸ»ç ¡¤¼®À¯È¸»ç µî¿¡µµ ÅõÀÚÇÏ¿© °Å¾×ÀÇ ÀÌÀ±À» ¾ò¾ú´Ù. 1865³â ö° ¼ö¿äÀÇ Áõ´ë¸¦ ¿¹°ßÇÏ¿© öµµÈ¸»ç¸¦ »çÁ÷ÇÏ°í µ¶ÀÚÀûÀ¸·Î ö°¾÷À» °æ¿µÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿©, 1872³â º£¼¸ÓÁ¦°¹ý(º£¼¸Ó¹ý)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ Æò·Î(øÁÖÓ)¸¦ °¡Áø Ȩ½ºÅ×µåÁ¦°¼Ò¸¦ °Ç¼³ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1870³â´ëºÎÅÍ ¹Ì±¹ »ê¾÷°è¿¡ Àϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ ±â¾÷ÇÕµ¿ÀÇ ºÕÀ» Ÿ°í, ÇÇÃ÷¹ö±×ÀÇ Á¦°¼Ò¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ¼®Åº ¡¤Ã¶±¤¼® ¡¤ ±¤¼® ¿î¹Ý¿ë öµµ ¡¤¼±¹Ú µî¿¡ °ÉÄ¡´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ´ëö° Æ®·¯½ºÆ®¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1892³â¿¡´Â Ä«³×±âö°È¸»ç(µÚ¿¡ Ä«³×±âȸ»ç·Î °³Äª)¸¦ ¼³¸³ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ÀÌ È¸»ç´Â ´ç½Ã ¼¼°è ÃÖ´ëÀÇ Ã¶° Æ®·¯½ºÆ®·Î¼ ¹Ì±¹ ö° »ý»êÀÇ 4ºÐÀÇ 1 ÀÌ»óÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1901³â Ä«³×±â´Â ÀÌ È¸»ç¸¦ 4¾ï 4000¸¸ ÆÄ¿îµå¿¡ ¸ð°Ç°è(ͧ)ÀÇ Á¦°È¸»ç¿Í ÇÕº´ÇÏ¿© ¹Ì±¹ ö°½ÃÀåÀÇ 65 %¸¦ Áö¹èÇÏ´Â US½ºÆ¿»ç¸¦ ź»ý½ÃÄ×´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÕº´À» °è±â·Î Ä«³×±â´Â ½Ç¾÷°è¿¡¼ ÀºÅðÇÏ°í, ±³À°°ú ¹®È»ç¾÷¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. Ä«³×±â°ø°ú´ëÇÐ(Çö Ä«³×±â¸á·Ð´ëÇÐ)¡¤Ä«³×±â±³À°ÁøÈïÀç´Ü¿¡ 3¾ï ´Þ·¯ ÀÌ»óÀ» ÅõÀÚÇÏ¿´´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ ÀÏ»ýÀ» 2±â·Î ³ª´©¾î, Àü±â¿¡¼´Â ºÎ(Ý£)¸¦ ÃàÀûÇÏ°í, Èı⿡¼´Â ÃàÀûµÈ ºÎ¸¦ »çȸº¹Áö¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ÅõÀÚÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ½Å³äÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, À̸¦ ½ÇõÇÑ À§´ëÇÑ Àι°À̾ú´Ù. Àú¼¿¡ ¡¶½Â¸®ÀÇ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ Triumphant Democracy¡·(1886) ¡¶»ç¾÷ÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ The Empire of Business¡·(1902) ¡¶¿À´ÃÀÇ ¹®Á¦ Problems of Today¡·(1908) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. [±âºÎ] 1902³â 1¿ù 29ÀÏ ´ç½Ã·Î¼´Â õ¹®ÇÐÀû ¾×¼öÀÎ 2õ5¹é¸¸ ´Þ·¯¸¦ ±âºÎÇÏ¿© °ø°øµµ¼°ü °Ç¸³À» Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ¿ö½ÌÅÏ Ä«³×±âÇùȸ¸¦ ¼³¸³Çß´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ Àü¿ª¿¡ 2500°³ÀÇ µµ¼°üÀ» Áö¾ú´Ù. Ä«³×±â´Â ±×¹Û¿¡µµ Ä«³×±âȸ°ü, Ä«³×±â°ø°ú´ëÇÐ, Ä«³×±â±³À°ÁøÈïÀç´Ü µî ±³À°¡¤¹®È ºÐ¾ß¿¡ 3¾ï ´Þ·¯ ÀÌ»óÀ» ±âÁõÇß´Ù. ÇöÀç ±¹Á¦»ç¹ýÀçÆǼÒÀÇ °Ç¹°ÀÎ ÆòȱÃÀ» Áö¾úÀ¸¸ç, Ä«³×±â¸á·Ð ´ëÇб³¸¦ ¼³¸³Çß´Ù. [»ý¾Ö È°µ¿ ¹× ¾÷Àû µî] ¾Øµå·ç Ä«³×±â (Andrew Carnegie, 1835³â 11¿ù 25ÀÏ ~ 1919³â 8¿ù 11ÀÏ)´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Ã¶° Àç¹úÀÌ´Ù. 2008³â ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ¼¼°èÀûÀΠö°È¸»çÀÎ US ½ºÆ¿Àº Ä«³×±âÀÇ Ã¶°È¸»ç¸¦ ÅõÀÚÀÚÀÎ JP ¸ð°ÇÀÌ ÇÕº´À» ÅëÇØ ¼³¸³ÇÑ È¸»çÀÌ´Ù. [¼ºÀå] Ä«³×±â´Â ½ºÄÚƲ·£µå ´øÆ߸°¿¡¼ ¼¶À¯¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ ¾Æµé·Î ž´Ù. [½ºÄÚƲ·£µå, ÆÄÀÌÇÁ ¹æ¹® ¸í¼Ò, ´øÆ߸° ±ÃÀü, ´øÆ߸° ¼öµµ¿ø] ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ ±¸¸Û°¡°Ô¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸ Á»Ã³·³ °¡³¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³ªÁö ¸øÇÏÀÚ, Ä«³×±â Áý¾ÈÀº 1848³â ¹Ì±¹ Ææ½Çº£À̴ϾÆÁÖ ÇÇÃ÷¹ö±×·Î ÀÌÁÖÇÑ´Ù. [Ææ½Çº£´Ï¾Æ ÇÇÃ÷¹ö±× ¿©Çà] ¾î·Á¼ºÎÅÍ ¾ó·¹ÀâÀÌ, ¹æÀû°øÀå ³ëµ¿ÀÚ, ±â°üÁ¶¼ö, Àüº¸¹è´Þ¿ø, Àü½Å±â»ç µî ¿©·¯ Á÷¾÷À» ÀüÀüÇÏ´Ù°¡, 1853³â Ææ½Çº£ÀÌ´Ï¾Æ Ã¶µµÈ¸»ç¿¡ ÃëÁ÷ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ³²ºÏÀüÀï¿¡µµ Á¾±ºÇÏ¿´°í, 1865³â±îÁö ÀÌ°÷¿¡¼ ±Ù¹«ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È, Àå°Å¸® ¿©ÇàÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ Ä§´ëÂ÷¿Í À¯Á¤»ç¾÷ µî¿¡ ÅõÀÚÇÏ¸é¼ Å«µ·À» ¹ú¾ú´Ù. [±âºÎ ¹× Æòȿ] "ÅëÀå¿¡ ¸¹Àº µ·À» ³²±â°í Á×´Â »ç¶÷ó·³ Ä¡¿åÀûÀÎ ÀλýÀº ¾ø´Ù." "ºÎÀÚ·Î Á×´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ¸í¿¹½º·¯¿î ÀÏÀÌ´Ù" - Ä«³×±âÀÇ Á¿ì¸í Ä«³×±â°¡ ÀÌ·±Àú·± ±¸¼³¼ö¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¿À´Ã³¯ »çȸÀû Á¸°æÀ» ¹Þ´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â, ±×°¡ ƯÈ÷ ¸»³âÀ¸·Î °¥¼ö·Ï À̹ÌÁö ¸ÞÀÌÅ· Â÷¿øÀ» ³Ñ¾î ½º½º·Î ºÎÀÇ »çȸȯ¿ø¿¡ Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÕÀå¼± °ÍÀº »ç½ÇÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. 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'¿À´ÃÀÇ ¹®Á¦: ºÎ ³ëµ¿ »çȸÁÖÀÇ(1907)' 'ÀÚ¼Àü(1920)' µî [ÂùÁ¶ K-Pop] ------------------------------------------ [ê GPT ´äº¯¿¡ ¿À·ù(hallucination: ȯ°¢ µî)°¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï, ´Ü¼ø Àç¹Ì·Î¸¸ ÂüÁ¶¹Ù¶÷: 3Ùí ½Å·Ú¼º ¾øÀ½, Á¤È®¼º ¾øÀ½, ÀÏ°ü¼º ¾øÀ½] (from https://chat.openai.com/chat) ¾Øµå·ç Ä«³×±â(Andrew Carnegie, ö°¿Õ, Industrialist, USA)°¡ Á¦ÀÏ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ ¿ª»çÀû Àι°Àº? ¾Øµå·ç Ä«³×±â(Andrew Carnegie)°¡ °¡Àå ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´ø ¿ª»çÀû Àι° Áß Çϳª´Â ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÅë·É ¿¡À̺귯ÇÜ ¸µÄÁ(Abraham Lincoln)À̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Ä«³×±â´Â ¸µÄÁÀ» ¹Ì±¹ ¿ª»ç»ó °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ Àι° Áß Çϳª·Î Á¸°æÇϸç, ±×ÀÇ ¸®´õ½Ê°ú ¹Ì±¹ ³»Àü µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» °Á¶ÇÏ°ï Çß½À´Ï´Ù. 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ÇÏÁö¸¸ µ¿½Ã¿¡ Ä«³×±âÀÇ ºÎÀÇ ¿øõÀÌ µÇ¾ú´ø ö°»ê¾÷Àº ³ëµ¿Àڵ鿡°Ô ¾î·Á¿ò°ú ¾ÇÁ¶°ÇÀ» ¾È°ÜÁֱ⵵ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×ÀÇ °øÀå¿¡¼ÀÇ ³ëµ¿Á¶°Ç°ú ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ ±Ç¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °üÁ¡¿¡¼´Â ±×ÀÇ ¾ç½ÉÀ» ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â ½Ã°¢µµ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Øµå·ç Ä«³×±âÀÇ ¾ç½É°ú °ü·ÃÇؼ´Â ÀÌ·¸µí ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀÇ°ßÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϸç, ±×ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿Í ÇൿÀ» Æò°¡ÇÒ ¶§ ±×ÀÇ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ±âºÎ¿Í »çȸ°øÇå ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÔ²² °í·ÁÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾Øµå·ç Ä«³×±â(Andrew Carnegie, ö°¿Õ, Industrialist, USA)ÀÇ ¾ç½É(Conscience) µî±Þ(Grade)À» A(¸Å¿ì ¿ì¼ö), B(¿ì¼ö), C(º¸Åë), D(³·À½) ·Î Grading ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¾Øµå·ç Ä«³×±â(Andrew Carnegie, ö°¿Õ, Industrialist, USA)ÀÇ ¾ç½Éµî±Þ(Conscience Grade)Àº? ¾Øµå·ç Ä«³×±âÀÇ ¾ç½É µî±ÞÀ» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·Á¿î ÀÏÀ̸ç, Àú´Â ½ÇÁ¦·Î ±×ÀÇ ³»¸éÀûÀÎ »ý°¢°ú µµ´öÀû °¡Ä¡¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×ÀÇ »ý¾Ö¿Í ÇൿÀ» ÅëÇØ À¯ÃßµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸î °¡Áö ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ °í·ÁÇÏ¿© ¾ç½É µî±ÞÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·Á¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Øµå·ç Ä«³×±â´Â »çȸº¹Áö ¹× ±³À° ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ÀÚ±ÝÀ» ±âºÎÇÏ¿© »çȸ¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÑ Ãø¸éÀÌ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ±×ÀÇ ¾ç½É µî±ÞÀ» B(¿ì¼ö)·Î Æò°¡ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±×ÀÇ Ã¶°»ê¾÷À» ÅëÇÑ ºÎÀÇ ÃàÀû°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ³ëµ¿Á¶°ÇÀ̳ª ±Ç¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À̾߱⵵ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ C(º¸Åë) µî±ÞÀ¸·Î Æò°¡µÇ±âµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´õ¿í Á¤È®ÇÑ ¾ç½É µî±ÞÀ» ºÎ¿©Çϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ±×ÀÇ »ý¾Ö¿Í ÇൿÀ» º¸´Ù ±íÀÌ ÆľÇÇÏ°í ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ½Ã°¢À» °í·ÁÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾ç½É µî±ÞÀº °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ÁÖ°üÀûÀÎ ÆÇ´ÜÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀÇ°ßÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ====================================== Andrew Carnegie [Born] November 25, 1835 Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland [Died] August 11, 1919 (aged 83) Lenox, Massachusetts, United States [Cause of death] Bronchial pneumonia [Occupation] Business magnate, philanthropist [Spouse(s)] Louise Whitfield [Children] Margaret Carnegie Miller Andrew Carnegie (November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He built a leadership role as a philanthropist for America and the British Empire. During the last 18 years of his life, he gave away to charities, foundations, and universities about $350 million (in 2015, $4.76 billion) – almost 90 percent of his fortune. His 1889 article proclaiming "The Gospel of Wealth" called on the rich to use their wealth to improve society, and it stimulated a wave of philanthropy. Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, and immigrated to the United States with his very poor parents in 1848. Carnegie started work as a telegrapher and by the 1860s had investments in railroads, railroad sleeping cars, bridges and oil derricks. He accumulated further wealth as a bond salesman raising money for American enterprise in Europe. He built Pittsburgh's Carnegie Steel Company, which he sold to J.P. Morgan in 1901 for $480 million (in 2015, $13.6 billion), creating the U.S. Steel Corporation. Carnegie devoted the remainder of his life to large-scale philanthropy, with special emphasis on local libraries, world peace, education and scientific research. With the fortune he made from business, he built Carnegie Hall and he founded the Carnegie Corporation of New York, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Carnegie Institution for Science, Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, Carnegie Hero Fund, Carnegie Mellon University and the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh, among others. (from ³×À̹ö µÎ»ê¹é°ú naver.com wikipedia.org, ³ª¹«À§Å° µî, Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó, ** Selected & Recommended Youtube Videos are shown. **) British, Big & Big, influence(+)~ (PIG: time-variant) Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): B+
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