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¸¶¸£ÄÚ´Ï-G.G. Marconi, EE Engineer,³ëº§»ó,Italy
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1937³â 7¿ù 20ÀÏ (63¼¼)



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ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ Àü±â ±â¼úÀÚ¤ý¹ß¸í°¡¤ýÈÄÀÛ. º¼·Î³Ä¿¡¼­ Ãâ»ý.
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1895³â Ç츣Ã÷ÀÇ ÀüÀÚÆÄ(ï³í­÷î)¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ¿© ½ÇÇèÀ» °ÅµìÇÏ°í,
¹«¼± Àü½Å ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ¹ß¸í,
1896³â µµ¿µ(Ô¤çÈ)ÇÏ¿© ƯÇ㸦 ¾ò°í,
9¸¶ÀÏ ¶³¾îÁø ÁöÁ¡(ò¢ïÃ) »çÀÌÀÇ ¹«¼± ¼Û¼ö½Å(áêáôãá)¿¡ ¼º°øÇß´Ù.

ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÃʺùÀ¸·Î ¶ó½ºÆäÄ¡¾Æ¿¡ ¹«¼±±¹(ÙíàÊÏÑ)À»
¼¼¿ì°í(1897),
¿µ±¹¿¡¼­´Â ·±´ø¿¡ ¸¶¸£ÄÚ´Ï ¹«¼± Àü½Å ȸ»ç°¡ ¼³¸³µÇ¾ú´Ù(1897).

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1898³â ¿µºÒ ÇØÇù Ⱦ´ÜÀÇ Åë½ÅÀ» ÇÏ°í,
¶Ç ¿µ±¹ Çرº ´ë¿¬½À¿¡¼­ ¾à 1¹é 20km°Å¸® »çÀÌÀÇ Åë½ÅÀ» ´Þ¼º,
1899³â ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ µî´ë¼±(ÔóÓæàÏ) Á¶³­ ±¸Á¦¿¡ óÀ½À¸·Î ¼º°øÇß´Ù.

1901³â ´ë¼­¾ç Ⱦ´Ü ¹«¼± Åë½ÅÀ» ¼ºÃë,
ÀÌ ¶§ºÎÅÍ ¹«¼±Àº ÇÔ¼±À» ºñ·ÔÇÑ °¢Á¾ Åë½Å¿¡ ½Ç¿ë(ãùéÄ)µÇ°í,
À¯·´°ú ¹Ì±¹ »çÀÌÀÇ °ø°ø Åë½Å »ç¾÷ÀÌ ±×¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù(1907).



ÀÌ ¹Û¿¡ ±¤¼® °ËÆıâ(ÎÎà´Ëþ÷îÐï ; 1902)¤ý
¼öÆò °øÁß¼±(â©øÁÍöñéàÊ ; 1905)¤ýÀüÆĸ¦ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î
¹ß½ÅÇÏ´Â ÀåÄ¡(1912) µîÀ» ¹ß¸í,
Á¦1Â÷ ´ëÀü ÈÄ´Â ´ÜÆĤýÃÊ´ÜÆÄÀÇ ¿¬±¸ ÀÌ¿ë¿¡ Àü³äÇß´Ù.

1909³â ºê¶ó¿î°ú ÇÔ²² ³ëº§»óÀ» ¼ö»ó,
¿ø·Î¿ø ÀÇ¿ø¿¡ Ãß´ëµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç(1918),
Æĸ® ÆòÈ­ ȸÀÇÀÇ ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ Àü±Ç(îïÏí) ´ëÇ¥°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù(1919).

[¼ö»ó] 1909 ³ëº§»ó(°øµ¿¼ö»ó : ºê¶ó¿î)



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ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ ¿Õ±¹ º¼·Î³Ä

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[ºÐ¾ß] ¹°¸®ÇÐ, Àü±â°øÇÐ
[ÁÖ¿ä ¾÷Àû] ¹«¼±Åë½Å

[¼ö»ó] ³ëº§ ¹°¸®Çлó (1909)

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Á¦1´ë ¸¶¸£ÄÚ´Ï ÈÄÀÛ ±¼¸®¿¤¸ð Á¶¹Ý´Ï ¸¶¸®¾Æ ¸¶¸£ÄÚ´Ï
(Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi,
1874³â 4¿ù 25ÀÏ ~ 1937³â 7¿ù 20ÀÏ)´Â ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ Àü±â °øÇÐÀÚÀÌ´Ù.

º¼·Î³Ä Ãâ½ÅÀ¸·Î ¹«¼± Àü½ÅÀ» ½Ç¿ëÈ­ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

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À̵ëÇØ ¿µ±¹À¸·Î °¡¼­ ƯÇ㸦 ¾ò¾úÀ¸¸ç,
9¸¶ÀÏ ¶³¾îÁø ÁöÁ¡ »çÀÌÀÇ ¹«¼± ¼Û¼ö½Å¿¡ ¼º°øÇÏ¿´´Ù.



¶Ç ¿µ±¹ Çرº ´ë¿¬½À¿¡¼­ ¾à 120 km °Å¸® »çÀÌÀÇ Åë½Å¿¡ ¼º°øÇÏ°í,
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µî´ë¼± Á¶³­ ±¸Á¦¿¡ óÀ½À¸·Î ¼º°øÇÏ¿´´Ù.

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1907³â¿¡´Â À¯·´°ú ¹Ì±¹ »çÀÌÀÇ °ø°ø Åë½Å »ç¾÷ÀÌ
±×¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù.



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--------------------------------------

[The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909]


The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909 was awarded jointly
to Guglielmo Marconi and Karl Ferdinand Braun
"in recognition of their contributions to the development
of wireless telegraphy".


Th>e Nobel Prize in Physics 1909

Born: 6 June 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)

Died: 20 April 1918, Brooklyn, NY, USA

Affiliation at the time of the award:
Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Alsace (then Germany, now France)

Prize motivation: "in recognition of their contributions
to the development of wireless telegraphy."

Prize share: 1/2

[Work]
In the late 1880s a previously unknown type of
radiation was discovered - radio waves.
It was found to have the same nature as light,
but with a greater wavelength. Various physicists
and technicians investigated whether radio waves could be
used to transmit signals.

Ferdinand Braun contributed to wireless signal transfer technology
in several ways.
In the late 1890s, he developed the electronics
in transmitters to reduce signal weakening and
disruptions between different transmitters.

Guglielmo Marconi
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909


Born: 25 April 1874, Bologna, Italy

Died: 20 July 1937, Rome, Italy

Affiliation at the time of the award:
Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom

Prize motivation: "in recognition of their contributions
to the development of wireless telegraphy."

Prize share: 1/2

[Work]
In the late 1880s a previously unknown type of
radiation was discovered - radio waves.
It was found to have the same nature as light,
but with a greater wavelength.

Various physicists and technicians investigated
whether radio waves could be used to transmit signals.

In 1895, Guglielmo Marconi used radio waves
to transmit signals over a distance of several kilometers.
He developed the technology in subsequent years
to achieve greater range.
The foundation for both wireless telegraphy and radio had been laid.

**************************************

[Award ceremony speech]
Presentation Speech by the former Rector General of
National Antiquities H. Hildebrand,
President of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,
on December 10, 1909

Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen.

Research in physics has provided us with many surprises.
Discoveries which at first seemed to have but
theoretical interest have often led to inventions
of the greatest importance to the advancement of mankind.
And if this holds good for physics in general,
it is even more true in the case of research
in the field of electricity.

The discoveries and inventions for which the Royal Academy
of Sciences has decided to award this year¡¯s Nobel Prize
for Physics, also have their origin in purely theoretical work
and study. Important and epoch-making, however,
as these were in their particular fields,
no one could have guessed at the start that
they would lead to the practical applications witnessed later.

While we are, this evening, conferring Nobel¡¯s Prize upon
two of the men who have contributed most to the development
of wireless telegraphy,
we must first register our admiration for
those great research workers, now dead,
who through their brilliant and gifted work
in the fields of mathematical and experimental physics,
opened up the path to great practical applications.

It was Faraday with his unique penetrating power
of mind, who first suspected a close connection
between the phenomena of light and electricity,
and it was Maxwell who transformed his bold concepts
and thoughts into mathematical language, and finally,
it was Hertz who through his classical experiments showed
that the new ideas as to the nature of electricity
and light had a real basis in fact.

To be sure, it was already well known before Hertz¡¯s time,
that a capacitor charged with electricity can under certain circumstances
discharge itself oscillatorily, that is to say
, by electric currents passing to and fro.

Hertz, however, was the first to demonstrate
that the effects of these currents propagate themselves
in space with the velocity of light, thereby producing
a wave motion having all the distinguishing characteristics
of light. This discovery – perhaps the greatest
in the field of physics throughout
the last half-century – was made in 1888.

It forms the foundation, not only for modern science
of electricity, but also for wireless telegraphy.
But it was still a great step from laboratory trials
in miniature where the electrical waves could be traced
over but a small number of metres,
to the transmission of signals over great distances.

A man was needed who was able to grasp the potentialities
of the enterprise and who could overcome
all the various difficulties which stood
in the way of the practical realization of the idea.
The carrying out of this great task was reserved
for Guglielmo Marconi.
Even when taking into account previous attempts
at this work and the fact that the conditions
and prerequisites for the feasibility of
this enterprise were already given, the honour of
the first trials is nevertheless due, by and large,
to Marconi, and we must freely acknowledge
that the first success was gained as a result
of his ability to shape the whole thing into a practical,
usable system, added to his inflexible energy
with which he pursued his self appointed aim.

Marconi¡¯s first experiment to transmit a signal by means
of Hertzian waves was carried out in 1895.
During the 14 years which have elapsed since then,
wireless telegraphy has progressed without pause
until it has attained the great importance it possesses today.

In 1897 it was still only possible to effect
a wireless communication over a distance of 14-20 km.
Today, electrical waves are despatched between the Old
and the New World, all the larger ocean-going steamers
have their own wireless telegraphy equipment on board,
and every Navy of significance uses a system of
wireless telegraphy.

The development of a great invention seldom occurs
through one individual man, and many forces
have contributed to the remarkable results now achieved.

Marconi¡¯s original system had its weak points.
The electrical oscillations sent out from
the transmitting station were relatively weak and
consisted of wave-series following each other,
of which the amplitude rapidly fell-so-called
¡°damped oscillations¡±.

A result of this was that the waves had a very weak effect
at the receiving station, with the further result
that waves from various other transmitting stations
readily interfered, thus acting disturbing
at the receiving station. It is due above all
to the inspired work of Professor Ferdinand Braun
that this unsatisfactory state of affairs was overcome.

Braun made a modification in the layout of the circuit
for the despatch of electrical waves so that
it was possible to produce intense waves with
very little damping. It was only through this
that the so-called ¡°long-distance telegraphy¡±
became possible, where the oscillations from
the transmitting station, as a result of resonance,
could exert the maximum possible effect
upon the receiving station.

The further advantage was obtained that
in the main only waves of the frequency used by
the transmitting station were effective at
the receiving station.
It is only through the introduction of these improvements
that the magnificent results in the use of wireless telegraphy
have been attained in recent times.

Research workers and engineers toil unceasingly
on the development of wireless telegraphy.
Where this development can lead, we know not.

However, with the results already achieved, telegraphy
over wires has been extended by this invention
in the most fortunate way. Independent of fixed
conductor routes and independent of space,
we can produce connections between far-distant places,
over far-reaching waters and deserts.
This is the magnificent practical invention which has flowered
upon one of the most brilliant scientific discovery of our time!

======================================

G.G. Marconi

[Born] Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi
25 April 1874
Palazzo Marescalchi, Bologna, Italy

[Died] 20 July 1937 (aged 63)
Rome, Italy

[Residence] Italy
[Nationality] Italian
[Alma mater] University of Bologna
[Academic advisors] Augusto Righi
[Known for] Radio
[Notable awards]
Matteucci Medal (1901)
Nobel Prize for Physics (1909)
Albert Medal (1914)
Franklin Medal (1918)
IEEE Medal of Honor (1920)
John Fritz Medal (1923)



Guglielmo Marconi, 1st Marquis of
Marconi (25 April 1874 – 20 July 1937)
was an Italian inventor and electrical
engineer, known for his pioneering work
on long-distance radio transmission and
for his development of Marconi's law
and a radio telegraph system.



He is often credited as the inventor of
radio, and he shared the 1909 Nobel
Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand
Braun "in recognition of their
contributions to the development of
wireless telegraphy". An entrepreneur,
businessman, and founder in Britain in
1897 of The Wireless Telegraph & Signal
Company (which became the Marconi
Company), Marconi succeeded in making a
commercial success of radio by
innovating and building on the work of
previous experimenters and physicists.
In 1929 the King of Italy ennobled
Marconi as a Marchese (marquis).

(from ³×À̹ö Áö½Ä¹é°ú naver.com wikipedia.org)


inventor of radio, contributions, + -: o ~
(PIG: time-variant)

Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): Ao


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