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"´ÜÀÚ·Ð", "ÀÚ¿¬°ú ÀºÃÑÀÇ À̼ºÀû ¿ø¸®" Àú¼ú 1714³â Çϳë¹ö °øÀÛÀÌ ¿µ±¹¿Õ Á¶Áö1¼¼·Î µî±Ø 1716³â 11¿ù14ÀÏ ¶óÀÌÇÁÂîÈ÷¿¡¼ Á×À½ [Ãßõ À¯Æ©ºê µ¿¿µ»ó] ------------------------------------- ¶óÀÌÇÁ´ÏÃ÷ [Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm] [Ãâ»ý - »ç¸Á] 1646 ~ 1716 [Ãâ»ýÁö] ¶óÀÌÇÁÄ¡È÷ [Á÷¾÷] öÇÐÀÚ,°úÇÐÀÚ,Á¤Ä¡°¡,¿Ü±³°ü [ºÐ¾ß] °´°üÀû °ü³ä·Ð, º¯½Å·Ð [±¹Àû] µ¶ÀÏ µ¶ÀÏ °è¸ùöÇÐÀÇ ¼ÀåÀ» ¿¬ öÇÐÀÚÀÌ¸ç °´°üÀû °ü³ä·ÐÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡ ¼¹´Ù. ¶óÀÌÇÁÄ¡È÷ Ãâ½Å. ¸Å¿ì Á¶¼÷ÇÑ ¼Ò³âÀ¸·Î ¼ºÀåÇß´Ù. 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Àνķп¡¼´Â °¨°¢À» ¿øõÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â °æÇè·Ð¿¡ ´ëÇØ, ÇÕ¸®·ÐÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼ ¸ð³ªµåÀÇ Ç¥»óÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ »ýµæÀû ÇÕ¸®¼ºÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Áø¸®ÀÇ ¼º¸³À» ¼³¸íÇÏ°í, Áø¸®ÀÇ ±âÁØÀ» ¸í¹é¼º°ú ¹«¸ð¼ø¼º¿¡ µÎ¾ú´Ù. Ãʽð£ÀûÀÎ ¿µ¿øÀÇ Áø¸®ÀÎ 'À̼ºÀÇ Áø¸®'ÀÇ Ã¼µæ¿¡¼´Â ¾Æ¸®½ºÅäÅÚ·¹½ºÀÇ ³í¸®ÇÐÀ¸·Î ÃæºÐÇÏÁö¸¸, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆí °æÇèÀûÀÎ ÀÚ¿¬¹ýÄ¢ µîÀÇ '»ç½ÇÀÇ Áø¸®'´Â 'ÃæÁ·ÀÌÀ¯ÀÇ ¿ø¸®'¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù°í Çß´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ³í¸®ÇÐ »ç»óÀº ¼öÇÐÀû »ç»óÀÇ ±âÃʸ¦ ¼ö¸³ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î¼ Æò°¡¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. [ÁÖ¿äÀú¼] Discours de metaphysique, 1686. Monadologie, 1714. Theodicee, 1710. nouveaux essais sur l'entendement humain, 1704. ===================================== [¼öÇÐÀڷμÀÇ ¾÷Àû] ±× ´ç½ÃÀÇ »ï°¢ÇÔ¼ö, ·Î±×ÇÔ¼öÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀû °³³äÀº Ãß»óÀûÀÌ¿´´Âµ¥, ¶óÀÌÇÁ´ÏÃ÷´Â 1692³â°ú 1694³â¿¡ À̸¦ ¸í·áÈ ½ÃÄ×´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °¡·ÎÁÂÇ¥, ¼¼·ÎÁÂÇ¥, ±â¿ï±â, Çö, ±×¸®°í ¼öÁ÷¼±°ú °°Àº ±âÇÏÇÐÀû °³³äµéÀ» ÇÔ¼öÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÁ·ÎºÎÅÍ À̲ø¾î ³»¾ú´Ù. 18¼¼±â¿¡´Â ÇÔ¼ö¿Í ÀÌ·± ±âÇÏÇÐÀû °³³äµé »çÀÌÀÇ ¿¬°ü¼ºÀÌ ¾àÇØÁ³´Ù. ¶óÀÌÇÁ´ÏÃ÷´Â ¼±Çü ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀÇ °è¼ö¸¦ ¹è¿(¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ Çà·Ä)·Î »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 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[Àú¼ú È°µ¿] ¶óÀÌÇÁ´ÏÃ÷ÀÇ Àú¼úÀº ÃâÆÇ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍµéÀÌ ¸¹±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ÁÖ¾îÁø ¿¬µµ´Â Ưº°ÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÇÑ ÃâÆÇÇÑ ¿¬µµ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àú¼úÀÌ ³¡³ ¿¬µµÀÌ´Ù. 1666. ¡¶°áÇÕ¹ý·Ð¡·; Loemker ¡×1 and Parkinson (1966). 1671. ¡¶»õ·Î¿î ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÇ °¡¼³¡·; Loemker ¡×8.I. 1673. ¡¶Ã¶ÇÐÀÚÀÇ ½Å³ä¡·(¶óƾ¾î : Confessio philosophi) 1684. ¡¶±Ø´ë¡¤±Ø¼Ò¸¦ À§ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ¹æ ¹ý¡·; Struik, D. J., 1969. A Source Book in Mathematics, 1200–1800. Harvard University Press: 271–81. 1686. ¡¶ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐ ¼¼³¡·; Martin and Brown (1988), Ariew and Garber 35, Loemker ¡×35, Wiener III.3, Woolhouse and Francks 1. 1703. ¡¶ÀÌÁø¹ý¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼³¸í¡·(¶óƾ¾î : Explication de l'Arithmetique Binaire); Gerhardt, Mathematical Writings VII.223. ¿Â¶óÀÎ ¿µ¾î ¹ø¿ª by Lloyd Strickland. 1710. ¡¶º¯½Å·Ð¡·; Farrer, A.M., and Huggard, E.M., trans., 1985 (1952). Wiener III.11 (part). ¿Â¶óÀÎ ¿µ¾î ¹ø¿ª. 1714. ¡¶¸ð³ªµå·Ð¡·; Nicholas Rescher¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿µ¾î·Î ¹ø¿ªµÊ, 1991. The Monadology: An Edition for Students. University of Pittsburg Press. Ariew and Garber 213, Loemker ¡×67, Wiener III.13, Woolhouse and Francks 19. Latta ÀÇ ¿Â¶óÀÎ ¿µ¾î ¹ø¿ª; ¶óÀÌÇÁ´ÏÃ÷ÀÇ ¿ø°í º¹»çº»°ú ÇÁ¶û½º¾î, ¶óƾ¾î, ½ºÆäÀξî ÆÇ 1765. ¡¶Àΰ£¿À¼º½Å·Ð¡·; 1704³â¿¡ Àú¼ú ¸¶ ħ. Remnant, Peter, and Bennett, Jonathan, trans., 1996. New Essays on Human Understanding. Cambridge University Press. Wiener III.6 (part). ¿Â¶óÀÎ ¿µ¾î ¹ø¿ª by Jonathan Bennett. ===================================== G.W. Leibniz [Born] July 1, 1646 Leipzig, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire [Died] November 14, 1716 (aged 70) Hanover, Electorate of Hanover, Holy Roman Empire [Nationality] German [Era] 17th/18th-century philosophy [Region] Western Philosophy [School] Rationalism [Main interests] Mathematics, metaphysics, logic, theodicy, universal language [Recommended Youtube Video] Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (July 1, 1646 – November 14, 1716) was a German polymath and philosopher, and to this day he occupies a prominent place in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy. Most scholars believe Leibniz developed calculus independently of Isaac Newton, and Leibniz's notation has been widely used ever since it was published. It was only in the 20th century that his Law of Continuity and Transcendental Law of Homogeneity found mathematical implementation (by means of non- standard analysis). He became one of the most prolific inventors in the field of mechanical calculators. While working on adding automatic multiplication and division to Pascal's calculator, he was the first to describe a pinwheel calculator in 1685 and invented the Leibniz wheel, used in the arithmometer, the first mass- produced mechanical calculator. He also refined the binary number system, which is the foundation of virtually all digital computers. [Recommended Youtube Video] In philosophy, Leibniz is most noted for his optimism, i.e., his conclusion that our Universe is, in a restricted sense, the best possible one that God could have created, an idea that was often lampooned by others such as Voltaire. Leibniz, along with Rene Descartes and Baruch Spinoza, was one of the three great 17th century advocates of rationalism. The work of Leibniz anticipated modern logic and analytic philosophy, but his philosophy also looks back to the scholastic tradition, in which conclusions are produced by applying reason of first principles or prior definitions rather than to empirical evidence. Leibniz made major contributions to physics and technology, and anticipated notions that surfaced much later in philosophy, probability theory, biology, medicine, geology, psychology, linguistics, and computer science. He wrote works on philosophy, politics, law, ethics, theology, history, and philology. Leibniz's contributions to this vast array of subjects were scattered in various learned journals, in tens of thousands of letters, and in unpublished manuscripts. He wrote in several languages, but primarily in Latin, French, and German. There is no complete gathering of the writings of Leibniz. [from ³×À̹ö Áö½Ä¹é°ú naver.com wikipedia.org] Actions, Aristotle, Automatic, Arithmometer, Optimism ~ (PIG: time-variant) Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): Ao
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