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Lee Kuan Yew

1st Prime Minister of Singapore

[In office] 3 June 1959 – 28 November 2015

[Born]
Harry Lee Kuan Yew
16 September 1923
Singapore, Straits Settlements

[Died]
23 March 2015 (aged 91)
Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

[Political party]
People's Action Party

[Spouse(s)]
Kwa Geok Choo b. 1920 d.2010; her death)

[Children]
Lee Hsien Loong (b. 1952)
Lee Wei Ling (b. 1955)
Lee Hsien Yang (b. 1957)

[Alma mater]
Raffles Institution
London School of Economics
Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge



Lee Kuan Yew, GCMG, CH (born Harry Lee
Kuan Yew, 16 September 1923 – 23 March
2015), commonly known by his initials
LKY, was the first Prime Minister of
Singapore, governing for three decades.

He chose to step down in 1990 to ensure
a stable leadership renewal. Lee is
recognised as the founding father of
modern Singapore, and is credited in
bringing Singapore from third-world to
first-world status in a single generation.

His successor, Goh Chok Tong, appointed
Lee as Senior Minister in 1990. He then
held the advisory post of Minister
Mentor until 2011, created by his son,
Lee Hsien Loong, when the latter became
the nation's third prime minister in
2004. In total, he held successive
ministerial positions for 52 years, and
then continued to serve his Tanjong
Pagar constituency of 56 years as a
Member of Parliament till the end.

Lee graduated from Fitzwilliam College,
Cambridge University, topping his
cohort with a rare double starred-first-
class honours in law; he received the
Whitlock Prize. In 1950, he became a
barrister of the Middle Temple and
practised law until 1959. Lee co-
founded and was the first secretary-
general of the People's Action Party
(PAP), leading it to eight consecutive
victories.

He campaigned for Britain to
relinquish its colonial rule, merging
with Malaysia in 1963; but racial
strife and political tensions led to
its separation from the Federation two years later.

Leading a newly independent Singapore
from 1965, with overwhelming
parliamentary control, Lee led the
nation through multiple upheavals in
Southeast Asia and oversaw its
transformation from a relatively
underdeveloped colonial outpost with no
natural resources to an Asian Tiger economy.

In the process, he forged a
widely admired system of meritocratic,
corruption-free and highly efficient
government and civil service, much of
which is now taught at the Lee Kuan Yew
School of Public Policy, with an alumni
from more than 80 countries.

Çѱ¹.net

Lee Kuan Yew was a visionary leader,
incorruptible and non-ideological. He
eschewed populist policies in favor of
pragmatic long-term social and economic
measures. With meritocracy and
multiracialism as the nation's
foundations, Lee made English the
common language to integrate its
immigrant society and to facilitate
trade with the west. But he also
mandated bilingualism in schools so
that students preserve their mother-
tongue roots and cultural identity.

Lee personally donated $12 million to
start a Fund for Bilingualism teaching
in 2011, which drew further pledges of
over $110 million in the first year. He
also wrote two related books on his
lifelong passion and challenge, Keeping
My Mandarin Alive and Singapore's
Bilingual Journey. Besides exercising,
eating and living simply, his noted
work-discipline was best exemplified by
his continued daily learning of
Mandarin by personal tutors up to age 90.

Lee was a captivating orator,
articulate in three languages –
English, Mandarin Chinese and Malay –
enabling him to reach the widest
audience of the nation's multi-racial,
multi-cultural citizenry. His
popularity and his country's sustained
economic growth during his tenure
helped extend his single dominant-party control.

However, his rule was criticised for
curtailing civil liberties (public
protests, media control) and bringing
libel suits against political
opponents. He argued that such
autocratic-like measures were necessary
for political stability, which together
with rule-of-law, are essential for
economic progress.

Çѱ¹.net

Lee is widely admired. President Obama
called him a "true giant of history".
On his death, Prime Minister Modi
declared a national day of mourning in
India. Australia and New Zealand passed
parliamentary motions to mourn Lee's
passing; Prime Minister Abbott said
Lee's advice spurred Australia at a
critical time in its history. Lee was
twice named one of Time's Most
Influential people - of the 20th
Century in 1999, and of the new decade in 2010.

Owing to his strategic and astute geo-
political analysis, many world leaders
sought his views, particularly on Asian
affairs. Others, especially developing
nations around the world, aspired to
emulate his leadership and success on
economic developments.

Lee's achievements had a profound
effect on China's leadership, who made
a major effort, first initiated by Deng
Xiaoping, to emulate his policies of
rapid economic growth, entrepreneurship
and subtle suppression of dissent. His
memoirs, The Singapore Story and From
Third World to First continues to
inspire many globally, having been
translated into more than a dozen languages.

(from ³×À̹ö Áö½Ä¹é°ú µÎ»ê¹é°ú ³ª¹«À§Å°
naver.com wikipedia.org)


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