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ÀÌ »óÀº 1936³â ¿À½½·Î ICM¿¡¼ óÀ½ ¼ö¿©µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥ ÇÊÁîÀÇ ¸Þ¸ðÀÇ ¶æÀ» ¡®ÀþÀº ¼öÇÐÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÁÖ´Â »ó¡¯À¸·Î ÇØ¼®ÇÏ¿© ÇÊÁî°¡ ¿äûÇÑ´ë·Î µÎ ¸íÀÇ ÀþÀº ¼öÇÐÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¼ö¿©µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1978³â±îÁö ÇÊÁî»ó »ó±ÝÀÌ 1,500 ij³ª´Ù ´Þ·¯¿´°í, Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ¾×µÇ¾î 2006³âºÎÅÍ 15,000 ij³ª´Ù ´Þ·¯¸¦ »ó±ÝÀ¸·Î ¼ö¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¸é ±× ´ç½Ã ¾ó¸¶³ª Å« µ·À» ÇÊÁî°¡ ±âºÎÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ====================================== ÇÊÁî»ó [Fields Medal, ßÛ] [¿ä¾à] ¼öÇÐÀÇ ¾÷Àû¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â ±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ »ó. [ºÐ¾ß] ¼öÇÐ [ÁÖÃÖ±â°ü] ±¹Á¦¼öÇÐÀÚȸÀÇ [½ÃÀ۳⵵] 1936³â ±× Çй®»óÀÇ Á߿伺¿¡¼ '¼öÇп¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ÀÇ ³ëº§»ó'À̶ó°íµµ Çϴµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ³ëº§»ó¿¡´Â ¼öÇкι®ÀÌ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. 1924³â ij³ª´Ù Åä·ÐÅä¿¡¼ ±¹Á¦¼öÇÐÀÚȸÀÇÀÇ Á¶Á÷À§¿øÈ¸°¡ °³ÃֵǾúÀ» ¶§, ±× ÀÌÈÄ 4³â¸¶´Ù °³ÃֵǴ ±¹Á¦¼öÇп¬ÇÕÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§¸¶´Ù ÀüȸÀÇ È¸ÀÇ¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½¹øÀÇ È¸ÀÇ »çÀÌ¿¡ ¼öÇÐÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ºÐ¾ßÀÇ °³Ã´¿¡ °øÇåÇÑ 2¡4¸íÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ±Ý¸Þ´ÞÀ» ÁõÁ¤Çϱâ·Î °áÀÇÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ »ó(ßÛ)ÀÇ ÀÚ±ÝÀº ´ç½Ã Åä·ÐÅä´ëÇб³ÀÇ ¼öÇаú ±³¼öÀÎ J.C.ÇÊÁî°¡ ±âºÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ »óÀÌ Àü¼¼°èÀÇ ¾î´À ³ª¶óÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀÚ¿¡°Ôµµ ÁÖ¾îÁú °Í, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ¹Ì ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ¾÷Àû¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç¥Ã¢ÀÎ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ¼ö·ÉÇÑ ¼öÇÐÀÚÀÇ Àå·¡ÀÇ Á¤Áø(ïñòä)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àå·ÁÀÇ ¶æÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Èñ¸ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÌ »óÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁö±â ½ÃÀÛµÈ °ÍÀº 1936³âºÎÅÍ¿´´Ù. 1932³â ½ºÀ§½º Ã븮È÷¿¡¼ °³ÃÖµÈ ±¹Á¦¼öÇп¬ÇÕ¿¡¼ ¼ö»óÀ§¿øÈ¸°¡ Á¶Á÷µÇ¾î ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¼¼º£¸®°¡ À§¿øÀåÀÌ µÇ°í 1936³â ¿À½½·ÎȸÀÇ¿¡¼ ÃÖÃÊ·Î ÇɶõµåÀÎ L.V.¾ËÇÁ¸£°¡ ÇÔ¼ö·ÐÀ¸·Î, ±×¸®°í ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ J.´õ±Û·¯½º°¡ Ç÷¡Åä¹®Á¦ (Plateau's problem:°ø°£ ³»¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁø Æó°î¼±À» °æ°è·Î ÇÏ´Â Áß¿¡¼ ±× °Ñ³ÐÀ̰¡ ÃÖ¼Ò°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦)ÀÇ ¿¬±¸·Î »óÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±¹Á¦¼öÇп¬ÇÕÀº Åë»ó 4³â¿¡ 1ȸ °³ÃÖÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª, 1936³â ÀÌÈÄ Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀüÀ¸·Î 1950³â±îÁö °³ÃÖµÇÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1960³â ÀÌÈÄ´Â 4³â¸¶´Ù ȸÀǰ¡ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ȸÀÇ ¶§¸¶´Ù ÀÌ »óÀÌ ¼ö¿©µÇ¾ú´Ù. ƯÈ÷, ¼ö»óÀÚ´Â ¼ö»ó ´ç½Ã ¸¸ 40¼¼ ÃʰúÀÏ °æ¿ì Á¦¿ÜµÈ´Ù´Â Á¦¾àÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ---------------------------- ÇÊÁî»ó [Fields Medal] [¿ä¾à] ¼öÇÐÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ºÐ¾ß °³Ã´¿¡ °øÇåÇÑ ¼öÇÐÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â »ó ¼öÇÐÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ºÐ¾ß °³Ã´¿¡ °øÇåÇÑ ¼öÇÐÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â ¼¼°èÀû ±ÇÀ§ÀÇ ¼öÇлóÀ¸·Î, ¾Æº§»ó°ú ÇÔ²² '¼öÇаèÀÇ ³ëº§»ó'À̶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù. 1932³â ij³ª´ÙÀÇ Åä·ÐÅä´ëÇÐÀÇ ±³¼öÀÌÀÚ ¼öÇÐÀÚÀÎ ÇÊÁî(John Charles Fields, 1863~1932)´Â 1924³â Åä·ÐÅä¿¡¼ ¿¸° ±¹Á¦¼öÇÐÀÚȸÀÇ ´ëȸÀåÀ» ¸Ã°Ô µÇ¾ú°í, ȸÀǸ¦ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î °³ÃÖÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸¹Àº ¼º±ÝÀ» ¸ð±ÝÇÏ¿´´Ù. Æò¼Ò ¼öÇÐÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇØ ³ëº§»ó°ú °°ÀÌ ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸í¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »óÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ ÇÊÁî´Â ´ëȸ °³ÃÖ ÈÄ ³²Àº µ·À» ¼öÇÐ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ±ÇÀ§ ÀÖ´Â »óÀ» À§ÇÑ ±â±ÝÀ¸·Î Á¶¼ºÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀüÀç»êÀ» ±â±ÝÀ¸·Î ³»³õ¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÇÊÁî´Â ȸÀÇ °³¸· ¸î ÁÖ Àü¿¡ ¼¼»óÀ» ¶°³µ´Ù. 1932³â Á¦9ȸ ±¹Á¦¼öÇÐÀÚȸÀÇ¿¡¼ ÇÊÁîÀÇ Á¦¾ÈÀÌ Ã¤ÅõǾúÀ¸¸ç, »õ·ÎÀÌ Á¦Á¤µÈ ÀÌ »óÀ» ÇÊÁîÀÇ À̸§À» µû ¡®ÇÊÁî»ó¡¯À̶ó°í ºÎ¸£±â·Î ¸¸ÀåÀÏÄ¡·Î ÇÕÀÇÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1936³â ³ë¸£¿þÀÌ ¿À½½·Î ȸÀǶ§ºÎÅÍ ÇÊÁî¸Þ´ÞÀÌ Ã³À½ ¼ö¿©µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇÊÁî ¸Þ´ÞÀº 4³â¸¶´Ù °³ÃֵǴ ±¹Á¦¼öÇÐÀÚȸÀÇ (ICM : International Congress of Mathematicians)¿¡¼ Áö³ 4³â°£ ¼öÇÐ ¹ßÀü¿¡ ȹ±âÀûÀÎ ¾÷ÀûÀ» ³²±ä ¼öÇÐÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¼ö¿©ÇÏ´Â °¡Àå ¿µ¿¹·Î¿î »óÀ¸·Î, ¼ö»óÀÚ ¼ö°¡ 4¸í À̳»·Î ±¹ÇѵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¼ö»ó ´ç½Ã ¿¬·ÉÀÌ 40¼¼¸¦ ÃʰúÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â Á¦¾àÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ====================================== John Fields [Born] May 14, 1863, Hamilton, Ontario [Died] August 9, 1932 (aged 69) Toronto, Ontario [Resting place] Hamilton Cemetery [Nationality] Canadian [Fields] Mathematics [Doctoral students] Samuel Beatty [Known for] Fields Medal, Fields Institute John Charles Fields, FRS, (May 14, 1863 – August 9, 1932) was a Canadian mathematician and the founder of the Fields Medal for outstanding achievement in mathematics. First awarded in 1936, the medal has been awarded since 1950 every four years at the International Congress of Mathematicians to two to four recipients under the age of 40. Born in Hamilton, Ontario to a leather shop owner, Fields graduated from Hamilton Collegiate Institute in 1880 and the University of Toronto in 1884 before leaving for the United States to study at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. Fields received his Ph.D. in 1887. His thesis, entitled Symbolic Finite Solutions and Solutions by Definite Integrals of the Equation dny/dxn = xmy, was published in the American Journal of Mathematics in 1886. Fields taught for two years at Johns Hopkins before joining the faculty of Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania. Disillusioned with the state of mathematical research in North America at the time, he left for Europe in 1891, locating primarily in Berlin, Gottingen and Paris, where he associated with some of the greatest mathematical minds of the time, including Karl Weierstrass, Felix Klein, Ferdinand Georg Frobenius and Max Planck. Fields also began a friendship with Gosta Mittag-Leffler, which would endure their lifetimes. He began publishing papers on a new topic, algebraic functions, which would prove to be the most fruitful research field of his career. Fields returned to Canada in 1902 to lecture at the University of Toronto. Back in the country of his birth, he worked tirelessly to raise the stature of mathematics within academic and public circles. He successfully lobbied the Ontario Legislature for an annual research grant of $75,000 for the university and helped establish the National Research Council of Canada, and the Ontario Research Foundation. Fields served as president of the Royal Canadian Institute from 1919 until 1925, during which time he aspired to mold the institute into a leading centre of scientific research, although with mixed success. His efforts, however, were pivotal in making Toronto the location of the 1924 International Congress of Mathematicians. Fields is best known for his development of the Fields Medal, which is considered by some to be the Nobel Prize in Mathematics, although there are differences between the awards. First awarded in 1936, the medal was reintroduced in 1950 and has been awarded every four years since. It is awarded to two to four mathematicians, under the age of 40, who have made important contributions to the field. Fields began planning the award in the late 1920s but, due to deteriorating health, never saw the implementation of the medal in his lifetime. He died on August 9, 1932 after a three-month illness; in his will, he left $47,000 for the Fields Medal fund. Fields was elected fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1907 and fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1913. The Fields Institute at the University of Toronto was named in his honour. (from naver.com wikipedia.org ³×À̹ö Áö½Ä¹é°ú µÎ»ê¹é°ú) Canadian mathematician, Calculus, Call, influence(+)~ (PIG: time-variant) Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): C+
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