CCG | ·ç½ºº§Æ® F. Roosevelt | |
Edit | 2024-04-12 ¿ÀÈÄ 8:50:58 | |
PIG | B, MoC(ÀÇ½Ä ¼öÁØ): 500+ | |
Home | https://bit.ly/3rhCL82 | |
SNS1 | http://bit.ly/1oKaCR9 | |
SNS2 | http://bit.ly/1l1zunZ | |
SNS3 | https://bit.ly/3uuIARt | |
related | < HOME > < EDIT> | |
Rname | Tweet | |
·ç½ºº§Æ®-Franklin Roosevelt,32nd President,USA | ||
ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ® (Franklin Roosevelt) Á¤Ä¡ÀÎ, ¹Ì±¹ 32´ë ´ëÅë·É ³²¼º, ¹°º´ÀÚ¸® ¸»¶ì [Ãâ»ý] 1882³â 1¿ù 30ÀÏ ´º¿åÁÖ ÇÏÀ̵åÆÄÅ© [´º¿åÁÖ ÇÏÀ̵åÆÄÅ© - ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° D. ·çÁƮ] [»ç¸Á] 1945³â 4¿ù 12ÀÏ (63¼¼) Á¶Áö¾Æ ÁÖ ¿ú ½ºÇÁ¸µ½º [·çÁƮ ´ëÅë·É, Á¶Áö¾ÆÁÖ ¿ú½ºÇÁ¸µ½º¿¡¼ ¿¬¼³] [±¹Àû] ¹Ì±¹ [¹Ì±¹ ¿©Çà] [½Åü] 185cm [Á¤´ç] ¹ÎÁÖ´ç [Çз»çÇ×] 1904 ~ 1907 Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ´ëÇб³ ¹ýÇÐ (ÁßÅð) [Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ ´ëÇб³] 1900 ~ 1903 ÇϹöµå´ëÇб³ Çлç [ÇϹöµå´ëÇб³] [°æ·Â»çÇ×] 1933 ~ 1945 ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÅë·É (32nd) 1928 ¹Ì±¹ ´º¿åÁÖ ÁÖÁö»ç 1913 ~ 1919 ¹Ì±¹ Çرº¼º Â÷°üº¸ 1910 ¹Ì±¹ ´º¿åÁÖ ¹ÎÁÖ´ç »ó¿øÀÇ¿ø ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° µ¨·¯³ë ·ç½ºº§Æ®(Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1882³â 1¿ù 30ÀÏ ~ 1945³â 4¿ù 12ÀÏ)´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ 32¹ø° ´ëÅë·É(ÀçÀÓ 1933³â ~ 1945³â)ÀÌ´Ù. ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â Àӱ⠵¿¾È ´ë°øȲ°ú Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è ´ëÀüÀ» ¸ðµÎ °æÇèÇÑ, 20¼¼±âÀÇ Áß½ÉÀι° Áß ÇÑ »ç¶÷À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ·ç½ºº§Æ®ÀÇ ¸®´õ½±Àº ´ºµô Á¤Ã¥À» ÅëÇÏ¿© ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ ´ë°øȲ¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³ªµµ·Ï µµ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è ´ëÀü ¶§ ¿¬ÇÕ±º¿¡ µ¿ÂüÇÏ¿© ³ªÄ¡ µ¶ÀÏ°ú ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ ¿Õ±¹, ±×¸®°í ÀϺ» Á¦±¹À» »ó´ë·Î ÀüÀïÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ¿© ½Â¸®·Î À̲ø¾ú´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸ ½ºÅ»¸°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ì¹¦ÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼´Â ÀÌÈÄ ¿ª»ç°¡µé¿¡°Ô ºñÆÇÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼¼°è Æòȸ¦ À§ÇÑ ±¹Á¦ Á¶Á÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®ÀÇ ¿¸ÁÀº »çÈÄ¿¡ ±¹Á¦ ¿¬ÇÕÀÇ °á¼ºÀ¸·Î½á °á½ÇÀ» ¸Î°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ´ëÅë·É Áß¿¡¼ óÀ½ÀÌÀÚ ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ´ëÅë·ÉÁ÷¿¡ ³× ¹øÀ̳ª ´ç¼±µÇ¾î 12³â°£ ¹é¾Ç°üÀ» Â÷ÁöÇß´ø Àå±â Áý±ÇÀÚÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. ¶Ç, ¹Ì±¹Àε鿡°Ô ¿ª´ë ´ëÅë·É Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå Á¸°æÇÏ´Â ÁöµµÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¹®Á¶»ç¸¦ ½Ç½ÃÇÏ¸é »óÀ§¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ´Â Àι°À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. [»ý¾Ö ÃʹÝ] [Ãâ»ý°ú °¡°è] ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â 1882³â 1¿ù 30ÀÏ¿¡ ¹Ì±¹ ´º¿å ÁÖ ºÏºÎÀÇ ÇÏÀ̵åÆÄÅ©¿¡¼ ž´Ù. [1800³â´ë ¹Ì±¹ ¸ð½À] ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö Á¦ÀÓ½º ·ç½ºº§Æ®(1828 - 1900)´Â µ¨¶ó¿þ¾î ¾Øµå Çãµå½¼ öµµÀÇ ºÎ»çÀåÀ̸ç À¯º¹ÇÑ ÁöÁÖ¿´´Ù. [ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®] ·ç½ºº§Æ® °¡´Â 1650³â°æ¿¡ ³×´ú¶õµå¿¡¼ ´º ¾Ï½ºÅ׸£´ã(¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ´º¿å)À¸·Î ÀÌÁÖÇÑ ÁöÁÖ Å¬¶ó¿¡½º ÆÇ ·Î¼¾ÆçÆ®(Claes van Rosenvelt)ÀÇ ÈļյéÀÌ´Ù. Ŭ¶ó¿¡½º ÆÇ ·Î¼¾ÆçÆ®ÀÇ ¾Æµé ´ÏÄÝ·¯½º ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â µÎ ¾ÆµéÀ» µÎ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±× Áß Ã¹Â° ¿äÇϳ׽º ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ¿ÀÀ̽ºÅͺ£ÀÌ, µÑ° ¾ßÄںνº ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ÇÏÀ̵åÆÄÅ© ·ç½ºº§Æ®ÀÇ ¼±Á¶°¡ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó 18¼¼±â¿¡ ·ç½ºº§Æ® °¡´Â ÇÏÀ̵åÆÄÅ© ·ç½ºº§Æ®°¡ (19¼¼±â¿¡´Â ¹ÎÁÖ´ç ÁöÁöÀÚ°¡ µÊ)¿Í ¿ÀÀ̽ºÅͺ£ÀÌ ·ç½ºº§Æ® °¡(°øÈ´ç ÁöÁö)·Î ³ª´¶´Ù. ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ¾ßÄںνº ·ç½ºº§Æ®ÀÇ 5´ë¼ÕÀ̸ç, ¿ÀÀ̽ºÅͺ£ÀÌÀÇ °øÈ´ç¿øÀÎ Á¦26´ë ´ëÅë·É ½Ã¾îµµ¾î ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ¿äÇϳ׽º ·ç½ºº§Æ®ÀÇ 5´ë¼ÕÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î µÎ »ç¶÷Àº °°Àº 6´ëÁ¶ ÇҾƹöÁö¸¦ µÐ 12ÃÌ(fifth cousin) ÇüÁ¦°ü°è¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸Õ ģôÀ̾ú´Ù. ÇÏÀ̵åÆÄÅ©¿Í ¿ÀÀ̽ºÅͺ£ÀÌÀÇ ·ç½ºº§Æ® °¡¹®µéÀº Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ Â÷ÀÌ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í Ä£±³¸¦ °è¼Ó ³ª´©¾ú´Ù. Á¦ÀÓ½º ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ¿ÀÀ̽ºÅͺ£ÀÌÀÇ ÀÏ°¡ ¸ðÀÓ¿¡¼ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¸¸³µÀ¸¸ç, ¶Ç ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°µµ ÀÏ°¡ ¸ðÀÓ¿¡¼ ½Ã¾îµµ¾î ·ç½ºº§Æ®ÀÇ Áú³à ¿¤¸®³Ê¸¦ ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾î °áÈ¥±îÁö ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. [¿¤¸®³Ê ·ç½ºº§Æ®] ¾Æ¹öÁö Á¦ÀÓ½º´Â º»Ã³ ·¹º£Ä« ÇÏ¿öµå¿¡°Ô¼ À̺¹ ÇüÀÎ Á¦ÀÓ½º ·ç½ºº§Æ® ÁִϾ µÎ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í Á¦ÀÓ½º ÁִϾîÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÎ Á¦ÀÓ½º Å×µå ·ç½ºº§Æ®°¡ ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°º¸´Ù 3³â ¿¬»óÀ̾ú´Ù. [¾î¸° ½ÃÀý] ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°ÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï »ç¶ó µ¨·¯³ë(1854 - 1941)´Â ÇÁ¶û½º°è À§±×³ëÀ̸ç, ±×³àÀÇ Á¶»óÀº 1621³â¿¡ ¸Å»çÃß¼¼Ã÷·Î ÀÌÁÖÇÑ Çʸ®ÇÁµå ¶ó ´©¾Æ¿´´Ù. ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°Àº »ç¶ó°¡ ³ºÀº À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¾ÆÀÌÀ̸ç, Á¦ÀÓ½º´Â ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°ÀÌ Å¾À» ´ç½Ã 54»ì·Î °í·ÉÀ̾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, »ç¶ó°¡ ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°ÀÇ À¯³â±â¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇÏ¿´´Ù. Èʳ¯ ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°Àº Ä£±¸¿¡°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ »ì¾Æ »ýÀü °¡Àå ¹«¼¿ü´ø ´ë»óÀº ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿´´Ù°í °í¹éÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× ½Ã´ëÀÇ ±ÍÁ·ÀûÀÌ°í ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ Áý¾ÈÀÇ ÀÚÁ¦´ä°Ô ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ® ¿ª½Ã ¾î¸° ½ÃÀý¿¡ Çб³¸¦ ´Ù´ÏÁö ¾Ê°í °¡Á¤±³»çÀÇ ±³À°À» ÅëÇØ ±ÍÁ·½Ä ±³À°À» ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç ±Í°øÀÚ·Î ¼ºÀåÇß°í, °ÅÀÇ ¸Å³â °¡Á·°ú ÇÔ²² À¯·´ ¿©ÇàÀ» ´Ù´Ï¸ç ¼¼°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ß¹®À» ³ÐÇû´Ù. [1900³â´ë ´º¿åÀÇ ¸ð½À] ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°Àº ºÎ¸ð¿Í °¡Á¤±³»ç µî¿¡°Ô °úº¸È£¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç ÀÚ¶ó ¶Ç·¡ÀÇ ¾ÆÀÌ¿Í »ç±Ð ±âȸ°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. 14»ì ¶§, ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°Àº »ç¸³¸í¹® ±×¶óÅÏ ±â¼÷Çб³¿¡ ÀÔÇÐ, Á¹¾÷Çß´Ù. [û³â±â] ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â 1904³â ¸¸19¼¼ ¶§ ÇϹöµå ´ëÇб³¿¡ ÀÔÇÐÇÏ¿´°í Á¹¾÷ ÈÄ 1908³â Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ ·Î½ºÄð¿¡ ÀÔÇÐÇÏ¿© ¹ý·üÀ» °øºÎÇÏ¿© º¯È£»ç°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ´ëÇÐ ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â ¼öÁÝ°í ºñ»ç±³ÀûÀÎ ¼º°Ý ¶§¹®¿¡ Ä£±¸°¡ º°·Î ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ´ë½Å ½ºÆ÷Ã÷¿Í °ú¿Ü È°µ¿, ƯÈ÷ ½Å¹®¹Ý È°µ¿À¸·Î ¿Ü·Î¿òÀ» ´Þ·¨´Âµ¥, ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â °áÄÚ ÇÐÀÚ Å¸ÀÔÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù°í ½º½º·Î ¹àÈ÷°í ÀÖ´Ù. [ù ¼±°ÅÀü, ±×¸®°í ±× µÚÀÇ Å« ºÒÇà] 1910-1913³â, ´º¿å ÁÖÀÇ »ó¿ø ÀÇ¿øÀÌ µÈ ÈÄ, ¹ÎÁÖ´ç Áøº¸ÆÄÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1913-1920³â, Àª½¼ ´ëÅë·É ¾Æ·¡¼ Çرº Â÷°üÀ» °ÅÃÄ 1920³â ¼±°Å¿¡¼ ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ºÎÅë·É È帷ΠÁö¸íµÇ¾úÁö¸¸, ¿ö·± ÇϵùÀÇ °øÈ´ç¿¡ ÆйèÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼±°Å ´ÙÀ½ ÇØÀÎ 1921³â, įÆ÷º§·ÎÀÇ ¿©¸§ º°Àå¿¡¼ Âù¹°¿¡ ºüÁø ÀÌÈÄ ¼Ò¾Æ¸¶ºñ Áø´ÜÀ» ¹Þ°í °ÈÁö ¸øÇßÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±Ø½ÉÇÑ ÅëÁõ¿¡ ½Ã´Þ·Á¿Ô´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ Àå¾Ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÃ¥ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´ø ¿ìµå·Î Àª½¼ ´ëÅë·É°ú´Â ´Þ¸® Àý¸ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í »À¸¦ ±ð´Â ÀçÈ° Ä¡·á¿Í ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÏ¿© µÎ ´Ù¸®·Î °ÈÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â Àå¾Ö¸¦ ±Øº¹, µµ¿òÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϱâ´Â Çصµ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¿òÁ÷ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇÀÚ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ³î¶ó¿ò ¼Ó¿¡¼ ´Ù½Ã Á¤°è·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. [ÀçÀӱⰣ] ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â 1928³â ´º¿å ÁÖÁö»ç¿¡ ´ç¼±µÇ¾ú°í, ÁÖ(ñ¶) ¼ö·Â ȸ»çÀÇ ¼³¸³, ¾ç·Î ¿¬±Ý ¿¬Á¦µµÀÇ È®¸³, ³ó¹Î¡¤½Ç¾÷ ±¸Á¦ µî Çõ½ÅÀûÀÎ ¿©·¯ °³ÇõÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. µÎ ¹ø¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ÀÓ±â Áß 'ÃÖ°íÀÇ Áö»ç'¶ó´Â Ī¼Û°ú ÇÔ²² ¶Ù¾î³ ÀÓ¹« ¼öÇà ´É·ÂÀ» Áõ¸í¹Þ°í ¸¶Ä§³» 1932³â ¹ÎÁÖ´ç ´ëÅë·É È帷ΠÁö¸íµÇ¾ú´Ù. [1930³â´ë ´º¿åÀÇ ¸ð½À] ³«°üÀûÀÎ °æÁ¦·Ð ¶§¹®¿¡ ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ Àαâ·Î Çã´öÀÌ´ø Çã¹öÆ® C. ÈĹö¸¦ ´©¸£°í, ´ë°øȲÀ¸·Î Çã´öÀÌ´Â ±¹¹Îµé¿¡°Ô ´ºµô Á¤Ã¥À» ¼±¾ð, ¾ÐµµÀûÀÎ µæÇ¥ Â÷·Î ´ëÅë·É¿¡ ´ç¼±µÇ¾ú´Ù. [´ºµô Á¤Ã¥°ú Àç¼±] ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ÃëÀÓ Á÷ÈÄ ´ë°øȲ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Áï½Ã ´ºµô Á¤Ã¥À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â °æÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ºÎÀÇ °³ÀÔ(Àû±ØÀûÀÎ °æÁ¦Á¤Ã¥)À» ÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ´ºµôÀº ±¸Á¦¿Í ºÎÈï»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °³Çõµµ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ½ÇÇàÀ» À§Çؼ´Â ÇàÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇѵ¥, ÀÇȸ´Â ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô ¸¹Àº ±ÇÇÑÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ¿© ±× Á¤Ã¥ ½ÇÇàÀ» ¿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ´Üü ±³¼·±Ç º¸Àå °°Àº ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ ±Ç¸® Çâ»ó°ú Å׳׽à °è°î °³¹ß°ø»ç(TVA) µîÀÇ ´ë±Ô¸ð °ø°ø»ç¾÷¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ½Ç¾÷ÀÚ ´ëÃ¥ ¹× »çȸ º¸Àå Ãæ½Ç °°Àº Á¤Ã¥À» ½Ç½ÃÇÏ¸ç ±Øº¹À» µµ¸ðÇßÁö¸¸, Á»Ã³·³ ¼º°ú°¡ ¿À¸£Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¶Ç ¼±¸° ¿Ü±³ Á¤Ã¥À» ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿© ¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ¿©·¯ ³ª¶ó¿ÍÀÇ ¿ìÈ£ °ü°è¸¦ ÁõÁøÇÏ°í, °æÁ¦ ¿øÁ¶·Î¼ ¼¹Ý±¸ ¿©·¯ ³ª¶óÀÇ °áÇÕÀ» °ÈÇÏ¿´´Ù. À¯·´ ÀüüÁÖÀÇÀÇ Ä§·«¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ±¹°¡ ¹æÀ§¿¡ Áø·ÂÇÏ°í, ÀϺ»ÀÇ Áß±¹ ħ·«¿¡µµ ¹Ý´ë, Æòȸ¦ ¿øÇß´Ù. 1935³â ¿©¸§ºÎÅÍ °æ±â°¡ »ó½ÂµÇ¾î 1936³â ´ëÅë·É¿¡ Àç¼±µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1937³â °æ±â´Â ´Ù½Ã ¾ÇȵDZ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© Èı⠴ºµô·Î½á ´ëóÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, 1939³â Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀüÀÌ ¹ß¹ßÇÏ¿© 1941³âÀÇ Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è ´ëÀü ÂüÀü¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ±º¼ö Áõ´ë ´öºÐ¿¡ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °æÁ¦´Â ȸº¹ÇÏ¿© ½Ç¾÷ÀÚµµ °Ý°¨Çß´Ù. [ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ® ¿¬¼³] ´ºµô Á¤Ã¥ÀÇ È¿°ú¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â Áö±Ý±îÁöµµ ³íÀÇÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖ°í, °ú¿¬ 2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀüÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é °æÁ¦ ħü¸¦ ¿Ïº®È÷ ±Øº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ± ¸¹Àº ÀÇ°ßÀÌ ¾ù°¥¸°´Ù. (½ÇÁ¦ 1941³â ÁøÁÖ¸¸ ±â½ÀÀ¸·Î ÂüÀüÇϱâ Àü±îÁö, ¹Ì±¹ °æÁ¦´Â ½Ç¾÷·üÀÌ 15%¸¦ »óȸÇÏ´Â µî, üÁ¦ ÀÚü°¡ ºØ±«ÇÏ´Â ´ëÆı¹Àº ³Ñ±ä »óȲÀ̾úÁö¸¸ ¿Ïº®È÷ °æ±â°¡ ȸº¹µÆ´Ù°í´Â Àý´ë ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â »óÅ¿´´Ù.) [Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü ÈĹÝ] 1940³â ¼±°Å¿¡ Ã⸶ÇØ À¢µ¨ ÀªÅ°¸¦ ´©¸£°í 3¼± µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ±×¶§ 2¹ø±îÁö¸¸ Àӱ⸦ ¸Ã´Â´Ù´Â Á¶Áö ¿ö½ÌÅÏÀÇ ÀüÅëÀ» ²£´Ù. 1941³â óĥ°ú ´ë¼¾ç ȸ´ãÀ» ÇÑ ÈÄ, ´ë¼¾ç ÇåÀåÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ°í, ÀüÀïÀÇ ±Ã±Ø ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇÏ¿´´Ù. [1940³â´ë ¹Ì±¹ ¸ð½À] ±× ÇØ 12¿ù ÀϺ»ÀÇ ÁøÁÖ¸¸ °ø°ÝÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ºÎµæÀÌ ÂüÀüÇÏ°í, Àü·ÂÀ» ±â¿ï¿© ÀüÀïÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¶Ç ´Ù½Ã 4³â ÈÄ, ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â 4¼±¿¡ ¼º°øÇßÁö¸¸ ·ç½ºº§Æ® »çÈÄ ´ëÅë·É 3¼± Ã⸶±ÝÁö¹ýÀ¸·Î Á¶Áö ¿ö½ÌÅÏÀÇ ÀüÅëÀÌ °è½Â, °ÈµÇ¾ú´Ù. 1945³â ÀüÀïÀÌ ³¡³ª±â Á÷Àü, Á×À» ¶§±îÁö ÀüÀïÀÇ ½Â¸®¿Í ÀüÈÄ ¼¼°èÁú¼ÀÇ ±¸»ó¿¡ Çå½ÅÇÏ¿´´Ù. [´ëÀü Áß] 1941³âÀÇ ÁøÁÖ¸¸ ±â½À ÀÌÈÄ, Çѱ¹ÀÎ µ¶¸³¿îµ¿°¡ À̽¸¸ µîÀº ´ëÇѹα¹ ÀÓ½ÃÁ¤ºÎ¸¦ ½ÂÀÎÇØÁÙ °ÍÀ» ¿äûÇϸç, ÇÕµ¿ ±º»ç ÈÆ·ÃÀ» Á¦ÀÇÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á¶¼±À̶ó´Â ³ª¶ó¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª, Á¶¼±¿¡ ´ëÇؼ »ó´çÈ÷ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î Æò°¡Çß´ø ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ³¡³» À̽¸¸ÀÇ Á¦ÀǸ¦ °ÅÀýÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ¿¡µµ À̽¸¸ÀÌ °è¼Ó ±¹¹«¼ºÀ» ¹æ¹®ÇßÁö¸¸ °á±¹ ¸¸³ªÁÖÁöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. 1943³â¿¡¼ 1945³â±îÁö ÀüÈÄ À¯·´ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ³õ°í ¿¬ÇÕ±¹ÀÌ ¸î Â÷·Ê ȸ´ãÀ» ¿¾ú´Âµ¥, ¿©±â¼ ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¼Ò·ÃÀÌ ºÏÀ¯·´ ±¹°¡¸¦ º´ÇÕÇÏ¿© Áö¹èÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â À̾߱Ⱑ ³ª¿Ô´Ù. ·çÁƮ´Â, ½ºÅ»¸°ÀÌ À¯·´ ÀϺΠÁö¿ªÀ» Áö¹èÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í °æ°íÇÏÀÚ ½ºÅ»¸°°ú ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °ü°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ´ÜÀûÀ¸·Î µå·¯³»´Â ¸»·Î ´ë´äÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥ "³ª´Â ½ºÅ»¸°ÀÌ ±×·± »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸®¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´´Ù ...... ³ª´Â ¸¸¾à ³»°¡ ±×¿¡°Ô ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Áشٸé, ³ª´Â ¾Æ¸¶ ±×¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ µ¹·Á´Þ¶ó°í ûÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ëºí·¹½º ¿Àºí¸®ÁÖ¿¡ µû¶ó ±×´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ »©¾ÑÁö ¾Ê°í ³ª¿Í ÇÔ²² ¼¼°èÀÇ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ¿Í Æòȸ¦ À§ÇØ ÀÏÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù." 1943³â 11¿ù 28ÀÏ, ¹Ì¡¤¿µ¡¤¼Ò 3°³±¹ Á¤»óȸ´ã¿¡¼ ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â "Çѱ¹ÀÎÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ µ¶¸³À» ¾ò±â Àü¿¡ ¾à 40³â °£ÀÇ ¼ö½À ±â°£(apprenticeship)À» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù."°í ¸»Çß°í, ½ºÅ»¸°Àº ÀÌ¿¡ ±¸µÎ·Î µ¿ÀǸ¦ Ç¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀüÀïÀ» ¼ÓÈ÷ Á¾°á½ÃÄÑ¾ß µÈ´Ù´Â ÆÇ´Ü¿¡¼ ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ¼Ò·Ã¿¡°Ôµµ µµ¿òÀ» ûÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ ³»ºÎÀÇ ¹Ý°øÁÖÀÇ ÀλçµéÀÇ ¹Ý´ë¿¡µµ ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®¼Ò·Ã¿¡ Áö¿øÀ» ûÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª 8¿ù 10ÀÏ ÀϺ»Àº Ç׺¹Àǻ簡 ÀÖÀ½À» ±¸µÎ·Î ´õ±Û·¯½º ¸Æ¾Æ´õÆí¿¡ ÀüÇؿԴµ¥, ¸Æ¾Æ´õ´Â ¼Ò·ÃÀ» ÂüÀü½ÃŲ °ÍÀ» ÈÄȸÇÑ´Ù. [ÂùÁ¶ K-pop] [»ç¸Á] 1945³â 3¿ù ¸», ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ÈÞ½ÄÀ» À§ÇØ ¿ú½ºÇÁ¸µ½ºÀÇ º°Àå¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í 4¿ù 12ÀÏ ¿©±â¼ ¾Ö°ß Æȶó¿Í »êÃ¥À» ÇÏ°í º®³·Î ¾Õ¿¡¼ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾È¶ôÀÇÀÚ¿¡ ¾É¾Æ ºñ¼¿Í ³ó´ãÀ» ÇÏ¸é¼ Å×À̺íÀÇ ¿©·¯ ¼·ùµéÀ» °ËÅäÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. [Ã߸𠱳Çâ°î] ÀÌ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ¿·¿¡¼ ÇÑ È°¡°¡ ±×¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ¿ÀÈÄ 1½Ã 15ºÐ ³úÃâÇ÷·Î ·çÁƮ´Â °©ÀÚ±â "µÞ¸Ó¸®°¡ ³Ê¹« ¾ÆÇÁ±º"À̶õ ¸»À» ³²±â°í ÀÇÀÚ¿¡¼ ±¼·¯¶³¾îÁ® ¾²·¯Á³´Ù. [Ã߸ð K-Pop] ±ÞÈ÷ º´¿øÀ¸·Î À̼۵ǾúÁö¸¸ ÀǽÄÀ» ȸº¹ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í °á±¹ 1945³â 4¿ù 12ÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ 3½Ã 35ºÐ 63¼¼·Î ¼¼»óÀ» ¶°³´Ù. [Ã߸ð "ÇູÇß´Ù... ¾È³ç" K-Pop] µ¶ÀÏÀÇ Ç׺¹À» ´« ¾Õ¿¡ µÐ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼ ³úÃâÇ÷·Î »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù. [Ã߸ð Æ®·ÎÆ®] ±×ÀÇ ºÎÀÎ ¿¤¸®³Ê ·ç½ºº§Æ®ÀÇ ¿©ºñ¼ ·ç½Ã ¸¶»ç´Â ±×ÀÇ °áÈ¥ »ýÈ°À» ³¡³ª°Ô ÇÒ»· ÇßÁö¸¸, ±×°¡ ¼ûÀ» °ÅµÐ ±×°÷¿¡µµ ÇÔ²²Çß´ø µ¿¹ÝÀÚ¿´´Ù. ºÎºÎÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Ç÷À°ÀÎ µþ ¾Ö³Ê ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ¿©ÁÖÀÎ ¾ø´Â ¹é¾Ç°ü¿¡¼ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿© ÆÛ½ºÆ® ·¹À̵𠿪ÇÒÀ» ¸Ã±âµµ Çß´Ù. ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®ÀÇ Á×À½ Á÷ÈÄ ÇѶ§ ½ºÅ»¸°¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ µ¶»ì¼³ÀÌ Á¦±âµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª, Áßȹα¹ÀÇ ±¹ºÎõ´ë »ç°Ç°ú Çѱ¹ ÀüÀï µîÀ¸·Î À½¸ð¼³Àº ¹¯ÇôÁ³´Ù. [ÂùÁ¶ ±³Çâ°î] [°¡Á· °ü°è µî] ¾È³ª ¿¤¸®³Ê ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ¹Ý½ÅºÒ±¸°¡ µÈ ³²ÆíÀ» ´ë½ÅÇØ ¿µºÎÀÎ È°µ¿µµ È°¹ßÇÏ°Ô Çß°í, 1945³âºÎÅÍ 1951³â±îÁö ±¹Á¦¿¬ÇÕ´ë»ç¸¦ Áö³»¸é¼ 1946³â¿¡´Â ±¹Á¦¿¬ÇÕÀαÇÀ§¿øȸÀÇ ÀÇÀåÀ¸·Î ¼±ÃâµÇ±âµµ ÇÏ´Â µî Àαǰú ÆòÈ È°µ¿ Ãø¸é¿¡¼ Å« ¾÷ÀûÀ» ³²°å´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ ³»¿¡¼µµ °ø¿¬ÀåÀ» ±¸ÇÏÁö ¸øÇØ ¾Ö¸Ô´ø ÈæÀÎ °¡¼öµé¿¡°Ô ¸µÄÁ ±â³ä°ü °ø¿¬À» ¼º»ç½ÃÄÑÁÖ´Â µî ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°Ã¶Æó¸¦ À§ÇØ Èû½è´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÌ °¡Àå ³ôÀÌ Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â ´ëÅë·É ¿µºÎÀÎÀ¸·Îµµ ¼Õ²ÅÈù´Ù. ±Ùµ¥ ºÎºÎ »çÀÌ°¡ Ç×»ó ÁÁ¾Ò´ø °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ µÇ±â Àü¿£ ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®°¡ ºÎÀÎ ¿¤¸®³ÊÀÇ ºñ¼ÀÎ ·ç½Ã ¸Ó¼¿Í Ãß¹®À» ÀÏÀ¸ÄÑ ÀÌÈ¥ Á÷Àü±îÁö °¡±âµµ Çß¾ú´Ù. [ÂùÁ¶ "¿©¹é" K-Pop] ½ÇÁ¦ ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ¿¤¸®³Ê¿Í ÀÌÈ¥ÇÏ°í ·ç½Ã¿Í ÀçÈ¥ÇÒ »ý°¢À̾úÀ¸³ª, ±Ø±¸¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿Í Á¤Ä¡Àλý¿¡ °áÄÚ µµ¿òµÉ°Ô ¾ø´Ù´Â ÇÏ¿ìÀÇ ¼³µæÀ¸·Î ·ç½Ã¿Í ¸¸³ªÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù´Â ´ÙÁü ¼Ó¿¡ ¿¤¸®³Ê¿Í °Ü¿ì ÈÇØÇß°í, ÀÌÈÄ ·ç½Ãµµ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¾÷°¡¿Í °áÈ¥Çß´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Èʳ¯ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ µÇ¾î¼µµ ¹Ðȸ¸¦ Áñ°å´Ù´Â ¼Ò¹®µµ°¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, Èʳ¯ ·ç½ºº§Æ®ÀÇ ÀÓÁ¾À» ÁöÄѺ¸±âµµ Çß´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡µµ FDR ¿ª½Ã ±×³à¸¦ Á¤Ä¡Àû µ¿¹ÝÀÚ·Î ¾Æ²¼´ÂÁö, ¿¤¸®³ÊÀÇ Àú¼ '³»°¡ ±â¾ïÇÏ´Â °Íµé'¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé FDRÀº º¸ÁÂÁøµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÇ°ß Ãæµ¹ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì ½Ä»ç ÀÚ¸®¿¡¼ Àڽſ¡°Ô ÀÇ°ßÀ» ±¸Çߴµ¥, À̶§ FDRÀÇ °ßÇØ¿Í ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â °ßÇظ¦ ½ÉÁö¾î ¾à°£Àº Â¥Áõ¼¯ÀÎ ¾îÁ¶·Î ±×³à°¡ ¸»Çصµ ºù±×·¹ ¿ôÀ¸¸ç ÀÚ±â ÇÒ ¸»¸¸ ÇÏ´ø ¾ç¹ÝÀÌ, ´ÙÀ½ ³¯ °ø½Ä ¼®»ó¿¡¼± ±×³àÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀ» ¸¶Ä¡ ¿ø·¡ºÎÅÍ ÀÚ±â ÀÇ°ßÀ̾ú´ø³É ±×´ë·Î ¸»ÇØ ´çȲÇϱ⵵ Çß´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ½ÄÀ¸·Î´Â ¿¤¸®³Ê¿ÍÀÇ »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ½½ÇÏ 4³² 1³à¸¦ µ×´Ù. Àڽĵé Áß¿¡¼ °í¸íµþÀÎ ¾È³ª ·ç½ºº§Æ® ÇÒ½ºÅ×µå (Anna Roosevelt Halsted)´Â ºÎ¸ð¸¦ µµ¿Í¼ ÆÛ½ºÆ® ·¹À̵ð Á÷Ã¥À» ´ëÇàÇϱ⵵ Çß´Ù. ÇÑÆí, FDRÀº ¹Ì±¹ 26´ë ´ëÅë·É ½Ã¾îµµ¾î ·ç½ºº§Æ®ÀÇ 12ÃÌ µ¿»ýÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°Àº ÀÌ¹Ì ¾ð±ÞÇÑ °Í ó·³ ½Ã¾îµµ¾îÀÇ Á¶Ä«µþ(Áú³à) ¾Ù¸®³Ê¿Í 1905³â¿¡ °áÈ¥Çß´Ù. [ÂùÁ¶ "±ÍÇÑ ±×´ë" K-Pop] ¶§¹®ÀÎÁö ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°°ú ½Ã¾îµµ¾î°¡ ¼·Î ¼÷ºÎ¿Í Á¶Ä«»¹À̶ó°í À߸ø ¾Ë·ÁÁø °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸ µÑÀº Ã̼ö°¡ ¸Õ °°Àº Ç×·ÄÀÇ ÇüÁ¦·Î, ±ÙÄ£ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ç½Ç»ó ³²³²À̶ó°í ºÁµµ ¹«¹æÇϱä ÇÏ´Ù. ½Ã¾îµµ¾î¿Í ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°ÀÇ ³ªÀÌÂ÷´Â 23³âÀ¸·Î ¿ÀÈ÷·Á 12ÃÌÀ̶ó´Â Ã̼ö¸¦ °¨¾ÈÇϸé Æò¹üÇÑ ÆíÀÌ´Ù. µÑÀº ´çÀûµµ ´Þ¶úÁö¸¸ »çÀûÀ¸·Ð ²Ï °¡±î¿î »çÀÌ¿´´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°Àº ½Ã¾îµµ¾î °ü·Ã ¼Àûµµ Àо¸¸Å ±×¸¦ Á¸°æÇϸ鼵µ ¾ðÁ¨°¡´Â ³Ñ¾î¾ßÇÒ ¶óÀ̹ú·Î ¿©°å´Ù. ±×¸®°í ½ÇÁ¦·Î ³Ñ¾î¼¹´Ù. »ç½Ç ½Ã¾îµµ¾î ·ç½ºº§Æ®µµ ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÅë·É Áß ²Ï ºñÁßÀÖ´Â Àι°ÀÌÁö¸¸, ±×·³¿¡µµ ´ëÁßµéÀº ·ç½ºº§Æ®¶ó Çϸé ÁÖ·Î Á¸Àç°¨ÀÌ ´õ ³ôÀº ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° D. ·ç½ºº§Æ®¸¦ ½Ã¾îµµ¾î ·ç½ºº§Æ®º¸´Ù ¸¹ÀÌ ¶°¿Ã¸®´Â ÆíÀÌ´Ù. ÇÑÆí, ½Ã¾îµµ¾î´Â ÀϺ» ¹®È¿¡ ½ÉÃëÇÑ ¼ÒÀ§ ¿øÁ¶ ¿ÍÆдÏÁî·Î °¡¾²¶ó-ÅÂÇÁÆ® ¹Ð¾à°ú Æ÷Ã÷¸Ó½º Á¶¾àÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ħ·«ÀÇ ±æÀ» ¿¾î³õÀº ¹Ý¸é, ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°Àº ¹«±â ´ë¿©¹ý°ú ´ëÀÏ ¼®À¯ ±Ý¼ö Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÏÁ¦ÀÇ Ä§·« ÀüÀï¿¡ Á¦µ¿À» °É¾ú°í °á±¹¿£ ÅÂÆò¾ç ÀüÀïÀ¸·Î Æø¸Á½ÃÄ×´Ù´Â Á¡µµ Â÷À̳ª´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ´ëÁ¶Àû Çຸ·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀϺ» ¿ìÀ͵éÀº Áö±Ýµµ ½Ã¾îµµ¾î ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ÀϺ» Á¦±¹ÀÇ Àü¼º±â¸¦ ¸¸µé¾îÁá´Ù°í ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ÅÂÆò¾ç ÀüÀïÀ¸·Î ÀϺ» Á¦±¹À» ħ¸ô½ÃŲ ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®¿Í ƯÈ÷ ÈÄÀÓ ´ëÅë·ÉÀ¸·Î ÀϺ»¿¡ ¿øÆøÀ» ÅõÇÏÇÑ À庻ÀÎÀÎ Çظ® S. Æ®·ç¸ÕÀº öõÁö ¿ø¼ö¸¶³É Ãë±ÞÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. [Æò°¡] 1945³â 5¿ù 7ÀÏ µ¶ÀÏÀÌ ¿¬ÇÕ±º¿¡ Ç׺¹Çß´Ù. ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®ÀÇ ÁöÈÖ·Î Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è ´ëÀüÀº ¹Ì±¹°ú ¿¬ÇÕ±¹ÀÇ ½Â¸®·Î ¸·À» ³»¸®Áö¸¸, ÀüÀï ÀüÈÄ ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®ÀÇ Åµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñÆǵµ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù À¯·´¿¡¼ 600¸¸¸íÀÇ À¯´ëÀÎÀÌ ¹«ÂüÇÏ°Ô »ìÀ°µÇ°í Àִµ¥µµ ¿Ü¸éÇÏ°í ±×³É µÎ°í º¸±â¸¸ Çß´Ù´Â Á¡°ú µ¶Àϰ質, ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ°è µî°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ÀϺ»°è ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀº ¼ö¿ë¼Ò¿¡ °Ý¸®¼ö¿ëÇÑ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°Á¤Ã¥À¸·Î ¸¹Àº ºñ³À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±¹³» Á¤Ä¡ °æÁ¦ ¸é¿¡¼ º¸¼öÁÖÀÇÀڵ鿡°Ô ´ëÁßÀα⿡ ¿µÇÕÇÏ´Â ±æ°Å¸® Á¤Ä¡·Î ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ¿Ö°îÇÏ°í °ÇÀüÇÑ ±â¾÷dzÅä¿¡ ¼Õ»óÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù´Â ºñÆÇÀ» ¹Þ±âµµ ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¹ÎÁÖ´ç ÁöÁöÀÚµéÀº ·çÁƮÀÇ ÀçÀӱⰣ°ú ±× ÀÌÈÄ ¹ÎÁÖ´ç ÁÖµµ±â¸¦ ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ °¡Àå ÆòµîÇß´ø ±â°£À¸·Î ±â¾ïÇÑ´Ù. [Á¤Ã¥°ú »ç»ó] [Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è ´ëÀü] 1941³â 1¿ù 6ÀÏ, ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â "³× °¡Áö ÀÚÀ¯" ¿¬¼³À» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. [ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° µð ·çÁƮ 4 ÇÁ¸®´ý ÁÖ¸³°ø¿ø] 1943³â 3¿ù ·ç½ºº§Æ®¿Í ±¹¹«Àå°ü Äܵ§ ÇæÀÌ ¿ö½ÌÅÏ¿¡¼ ¿µ±¹ ¿Ü»ó ¾Ø¼Ò´Ï À̵ç°ú °¡Áø ȸÇÕ ¶§ Çѱ¹ÀÇ µ¶¸³¹®Á¦°¡ ¿¬ÇÕ±¹ ÁöµµÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ÃÖÃÊ·Î ³íÀǵǾú´Ù. À̶§ ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â "Çѹݵµ¸¦ ÀÏÁ¤ ±â°£ µ¿¾È ¹Ì±¹, ¼Ò·Ã ¹× Áß±¹ µî 3±¹ÀÇ '½ÅŹÅëÄ¡'¾Æ·¡ µÎ¾ú´Ù°¡ µ¶¸³½ÃŲ´Ù."´Â ÀÇ°ßÀ» óÀ½À¸·Î ¹àÇûÀ¸¸ç, À̵éÀº È£ÀÇÀû ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸¿´´Ù. 1943³â 11¿ù 22ÀÏ ÀÌÁýÆ®ÀÇ Ä«À̷ο¡¼ ¿µ±¹ÀÇ À©½ºÅÏ Ã³Ä¥, Áß±¹ÀÇ ÀåÁ¦½º¿Í ÇÔ²² 3±¹ ¼ö³ú ȸ´ãÀ» °¡Á³´Ù. [¹Ì±¹•¿µ±¹•Áß±¹ÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚ°¡ 'Ä«ÀÌ·Î'¿¡ ¸ðÀÎ ÀÌÀ¯] ÀÌ ÀÚ¸®¿¡¼ Çѱ¹¹®Á¦¸¦ º»°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î °ø½Ä ³íÀÇÇÏ¿´´Ù. 11¿ù 27ÀÏ ¹ßÇ¥µÈ 'Ä«ÀÌ·Î ¼±¾ð'Àº Á¦3Ç׿¡¼ "Çѱ¹ÀÎÀÇ ³ë¿¹ »óÅ¿¡ À¯ÀÇ, Çѱ¹À» ÇعæÇÏ¿© Àû´çÇÑ ½Ã±â¿¡ µ¶¸³½Ãų °Í"À» °áÀÇÇß´Ù. Ä«À̷Πȸ´ãÀÌ ³¡³ªÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ·ç½ºº§Æ®¿Í óĥÀº À̶õÀÇ ¼öµµ Å×Çì¶õÀ¸·Î Àå¼Ò¸¦ ¿Å°Ü ¼Ò·ÃÀÇ ½ºÅ»¸°À» ¸¸³µ´Ù. 1943³â 11¿ù 28ÀÏ, À̹ø¿£ Áß±¹ÀÇ ÀåÁ¦½º°¡ ºüÁø ä ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ¹Ì¡¤¿µ¡¤¼Ò 3°³±¹ Á¤»óȸ´ã¿¡¼ ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â "Çѱ¹ÀÎÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ µ¶¸³À» ¾ò±â Àü¿¡ ¾à 40³â °£ÀÇ ¼ö½À ±â°£(apprenticeship)À» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù."°í ¸»Çß°í, ½ºÅ»¸°Àº ÀÌ¿¡ ±¸µÎ·Î µ¿ÀǸ¦ Ç¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù. [2Â÷¼¼°è´ëÀü-World War II] [¼¼°è´ëÀüÀÇ °á°ú] 1945³â 8¿ù 15ÀÏ, ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ºñ·Ï ±× Àü¿¡ ³úÃâÇ÷·Î »ç¸ÁÇßÁö¸¸, Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è ´ëÀü Áß, ÀüÀïÀÌ ³¡³ª±â Á÷Àü¿¡ ÃßÃà±¹¿¡ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖ´ø ÀϺ»ÀÌ ÇÙ¹«±â °ø°ÝÀ» °Þ°í ³ª¼ ¹«Á¶°Ç Ç׺¹ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®ÀÇ ÁöÈÖ ¾Æ·¡, Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è ´ëÀüÀº ¹Ì±¹°ú ¿¬ÇÕ±¹ÀÇ ½Â¸®·Î ¸·À» ³»·È´Ù. [±âŸ] 1933³â, ¹Ì±¹ ¹ÎÁÖ´ç ·ç½ºº§Æ® ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ȸÀÇ Áß ½ÃÄ«°í °»´Ü¿¡ °í¿ëµÈ »ìÀÎûºÎ¾÷ÀÚ Á¶¼Á Àï°Å¶óÀÇ Àú°ÝÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸³ª ¸ñ¼ûÀ» °ÇÁ³´Ù. ´ëÅë·É ¶§¹®¿¡ À§ÅëÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯¶ó°í ¼³¸íÇß´ø Àï°Å¶ó´Â Ç¥ÀûÀ» Àß º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÇÀÚ À§¿¡ ¿Ã¶ó°¡ ÃÑÀ» ½úÀ¸³ª ¾û¶×ÇÏ°Ôµµ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ, ´ëÅë·É ¿·¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ½ÃÄ«°í ½ÃÀå ¾ÈÅæ ¼¸ÆÀ» Á׿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í Àï°Å¶ó´Â üÆ÷µÇ¾î Àü±â ÀÇÀÚÇüÀ» ¼±°í¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. -------------------------------------- [ê GPT ´äº¯¿¡ ¿À·ù(hallucination: ȯ°¢ µî)°¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï, ´Ü¼ø Àç¹Ì·Î¸¸ ÂüÁ¶¹Ù¶÷] (from https://chat.openai.com/chat) ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®(Franklin Roosevelt, Á¤Ä¡ÀÎ) ¹Ì±¹ 32´ë ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ Á¦ÀÏ ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´ø ¿ª»çÀû Àι°Àº? ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ® ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ °¡Àå ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ¿ª»çÀû Àι°Àº ´ëÅë·É ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ä£Ã´ÀÌÀÚ Àü½ÅÁÖÀÇÀÚÀÎ Å׿Àµµ¾î ·ç½ºº§Æ®(Theodore Roosevelt)¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Å׿Àµµ¾î ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â 26´ë ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÅë·ÉÀ¸·Î, ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®ÀÇ Á¶Ä«¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, Å׿Àµµ¾î ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â Áøº¸ÁÖÀÇ¿Í °æÁ¦Àû ±ÕÇüÀ» Áß¿ä½ÃÇϸç, ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ´ë¿ÜÀûÀÎ ÀÔÀåÀ» °ÈÇÏ´Â µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼ ¹Ì±¹ ¿ª»ç»ó Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ Àι°·Î Æò°¡¹Þ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®(Franklin Roosevelt, Á¤Ä¡ÀÎ) ¹Ì±¹ 32´ë ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÒ¸¸ÇÑ Çѱ¹ÀÇ Æ®·ÎÆ®³ª ¹ß¶óµå ³ë·¡ Á¦¸ñÀº ¹«¾ùÀϱî? ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ® ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÒ¸¸ÇÑ Çѱ¹ÀÇ Æ®·ÎÆ®³ª ¹ß¶óµå ³ë·¡ Á¦¸ñÀº "ÇÑÀÜÀÇ Ãß¾ï"ÀÏ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. [ÂùÁ¶ K-Pop] [ÂùÁ¶ K-Pop] ÀÌ ³ë·¡´Â 1970³â´ë¿¡ ±èÁ¤È£°¡ ÀÛ»ç, Á¶¿µ¿íÀÌ ÀÛ°îÇÏ¿© óÀ½ ¹ßÇ¥µÈ °îÀ¸·Î, ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô »ç¶û¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ Æ®·ÎÆ® °î Áß ÇϳªÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ³ë·¡´Â Ãß¾ï°ú À̺°À» ÁÖÁ¦·Î ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °¡»ç¿Í ¸á·Îµð°¡ °¨¼ºÀûÀÌ¾î¼ ¸¹Àº À̵鿡°Ô °ø°¨À» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å°°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®(Franklin Roosevelt, Á¤Ä¡ÀÎ) ¹Ì±¹ 32´ë ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ °æÇèÇÑ Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Â ÀÏÈ(episode)´Â? ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ® ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ °æÇèÇÑ Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Â ÀÏÈ Áß Çϳª´Â "ijºó ¿¬¼³(Cabin Speech)"ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 1932³â ´ë¼± Ä·ÇÁ Áß, ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ® ´ëÅë·É È帴 ´ºÀúÁöÁÖ¿¡¼ ¿¬¼³À» Çϱâ À§ÇØ ºñÇà±â¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ºñÇà±â´Â ±â»ó ¾ÇÈ·Î ÀÎÇØ °©Àڱ⠴ºÀúÁöÁÖ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÛÀº ¸¶À»ÀÎ Àª¸®¾ö½ºÅæ(Williamsport)¿¡ Âø·úÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ºñÇà±â¿¡¼ ³»¸®ÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ¸¶À» ÁֹεéÀÇ È£ÀÇ¿¡ °¨»çÇϸç, °©ÀÛ½º·¯¿î »óȲ¿¡¼µµ Áֹε鿡°Ô °ÇÑ ÀλóÀ» ³²±æ Çʿ伺À» ´À²¼½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ±×´Â Áֹε鿡°Ô "ijºó ¿¬¼³"À» ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ºñÇà±â¿¡¼ °¡Áö°í ¿Â Àûµµ ¾ø´Â ¸Þ¸ðÁö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ¿¬¼³À» ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ·ç½ºº§Æ®´Â ÀÌ ÀÛÀº ¸¶À»ÀÇ ¹«´ë À§¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ¸¶ÀÌÅ©¿¡ °¡±îÀÌ ´Ù°¡°¡, ÁÖ¹Îµé ¾Õ¿¡¼ ÀڽŸ¸ÀÇ "ijºó ¿¬¼³"À» Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬¼³Àº ´º½º¿¡ ÃëÀçµÇ¾î ¹Ì±¹ Àü¿ª¿¡ ¹æ¼ÛµÇ¾ú°í, ´ë¼± Ä·ÇÁÀÇ ¼º°øÀûÀÎ Àü°³¿¡ Å« ¿ªÇÒÀ» Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÏÈ´Â ´ë¼± Ä·ÇÁ Áß °©ÀÛ½º·¯¿î »óȲ¿¡¼µµ ´ëóÇÏ´Â ¸®´õ½Ê°ú Ä«¸®½º¸¶¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ ¸ÚÁø À̾߱âÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®(Franklin Roosevelt, Á¤Ä¡ÀÎ) ¹Ì±¹ 32´ë ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ¾ó¸¶³ª ¾ç½ÉÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷Àϱî? ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ® ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ¸Å¿ì ¾ç½ÉÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷À¸·Î Æò°¡¹Þ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ´ëÅë·ÉÀ¸·Î¼ ´ëÁßÀ» À§ÇØ Èû¾²´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡, °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ÀÌÀͺ¸´Ù´Â ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ÀÌÀÍ°ú º¹Áö¸¦ ÃÖ¿ì¼±À¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ¸ç ¸¹Àº Çõ½ÅÀûÀÎ Á¦µµ¿Í ¹ý·üÀ» Á¦Á¤ÇÏ¿© ¹Ì±¹ ¿ª»ç»ó Å« ¾÷ÀûÀ» ³²°å½À´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷, ´ëÇÐ Á¹¾÷ ÀÌÈÄ °¡Á·ÀÇ ÀÚ»êÀ» Áõ´ë½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ ¹ý·ü ȸ»ç¿¡¼ ÀÏÇÑ ÈÄ ¹Ì±¹ ÇرºÀå±³, Â÷±â ´º¿å ÁÖÁö»ç, Â÷±â ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÅë·ÉÀ¸·Î ¼±ÃâµÇ±â±îÁö ¼¼°è ´ë°øȲ, ´ºµô(New Deal) Á¤Ã¥ µî ¸¹Àº ³°ü°ú ¾î·Á¿òÀ» ±Øº¹Çϸ鼵µ ¹Ì±¹ ±¹¹ÎµéÀ» À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ´ëÅë·É Á÷À§¿¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö µµ´öÀû °¹ÚÁõÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ ºñ¹Ð ¼Àç¿¡´Â ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ ±Û°ú ±â·ÏÀÌ ¼ö·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾÷ÀûÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ°í ±â·ÏÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ¹Ì±¹ ±¹¹ÎµéÀ» À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ´õ¿í Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®(Franklin Roosevelt, Á¤Ä¡ÀÎ) ¹Ì±¹ 32´ë ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¾ç½É(Conscience) µî±Þ(Grade)À» A(¸Å¿ì ¿ì¼ö), B(¿ì¼ö), C(º¸Åë), D(³·À½) ·Î Grading ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®(Franklin Roosevelt, Á¤Ä¡ÀÎ) ¹Ì±¹ 32´ë ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¾ç½Éµî±Þ(Conscience Grade)Àº? ¾ç½É µî±ÞÀº ÁÖ°üÀûÀÎ Æò°¡À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ µî±ÞÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇϱ⠾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ëÅë·ÉÀ¸·Î¼ÀÇ ¾÷Àû°ú Àαâ, ´ºµô Á¤Ã¥ µîÀ» °í·ÁÇÒ ¶§, ´ëü·Î ¸Å¿ì ¿ì¼öÇÏ´Ù´Â Æò°¡°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ³ª¿À°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ¿ª»çÀûÀÎ Àι°À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ±×ÀÇ Àΰݰú Çൿ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ Æò°¡°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í, ¾ç½ÉÀûÀÎ Ãø¸é ¶ÇÇÑ ±×ÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¼±Åðú Çൿ¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁú ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ Á¤È®ÇÑ µî±ÞÀ¸·Î Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. [ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ] [¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ÀǽÄÁöµµ ¼öÄ¡ Æò°¡´Â ´Ü¼ø Àç¹Ì·Î¸¸ ÂüÁ¶ ¹Ù¶÷] (from https://gemini.google.com) Á¤½Å°ú ÀÇ»ç µ¥À̺ñµå ȣŲ½ºÀÇ 'ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ Map of Consciousness' ¿¡¼ 1¿¡¼ 1000±îÁö ¼öÄ¡·Î Æò°¡ÇßÀ»¶§, ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·ç½ºº§Æ®(Franklin Roosevelt, 32nd President, USA) ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ÀǽÄÁöµµ ¼öÄ¡°ªÀº ? ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·çÁƮ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ ¼öÄ¡: ½ÉÃþ ºÐ¼® ¹× ´Ù¾çÇÑ °üÁ¡ µ¥À̺ñµå ȣŲ½ºÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ´Â Àΰ£ ÀÇ½Ä ¼öÁØÀ» 1¿¡¼ 1000±îÁö ¼öÄ¡·Î Æò°¡Çϴ ü°èÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °¢ ¼öÄ¡´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÇ½Ä »óÅÂ¿Í ¿¬°üµÇ¸ç, ³ôÀº ¼öÄ¡´Â ´õ ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ Àǽİú ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¼º°Ý Ư¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·çÁƮ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ ¼öÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤È®ÇÑ ´äÀº Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ȣŲ½º ¹Ú»ç´Â ·çÁƮ ´ëÅë·ÉÀ» Á÷Á¢ Æò°¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ Àú¼ "ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ"¿¡¼µµ ·çÁƮ ´ëÅë·É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ·çÁƮ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ »î°ú ¾÷ÀûÀ» Á¾ÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î °í·ÁÇÒ ¶§, ±×ÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ ¼öÄ¡´Â 500 ÀÌ»óÀ̾úÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù°í ÃßÃøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù. 1. Ź¿ùÇÑ ¸®´õ½Ê: ·çÁƮ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ¹Ì±¹ ¿ª»ç»ó °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ ´ëÅë·É Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀ¸·Î Æò°¡µË´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ´ë°øȲ°ú Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀüÀ̶ó´Â µÎ ¹øÀÇ ±¹°¡Àû À§±â¸¦ ±Øº¹ÇÏ¸ç ¹Ì±¹À» À̲ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Å¹¿ùÇÑ ¸®´õ½ÊÀº ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ Àǽİú ´É¼÷ÇÑ ¹®Á¦ ÇØ°á ´É·ÂÀ» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. 2. °ÇÑ ¿ë±â¿Í °á´Ü·Â: ·çÁƮ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ¼Ò¾Æ¸¶ºñ¶ó´Â Àå¾Ö¸¦ ±Øº¹ÇÏ°í Á¤Ä¡Àû ¼º°øÀ» °ÅµÐ Àι°ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀüÀ̶ó´Â ±Ø½ÉÇÑ À§±â ¼Ó¿¡¼µµ °ÇÑ ¿ë±â¿Í °á´Ü·ÂÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Æ¯¼ºµéÀº ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ Àǽİú °ÀÎÇÑ Á¤½Å·ÂÀ» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù. 3. ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ »ç°í¹æ½Ä: ·çÁƮ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÌ°í Èñ¸ÁÀûÀÎ »ç°í¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î À¯¸íÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â "À¯ÀÏÇÑ µÎ·Á¿òÀº µÎ·Á¿ò ÀÚüÀÌ´Ù"¶ó´Â ¸í¾ðÀ» ³²°åÀ¸¸ç, ¾î·Á¿î »óȲ ¼Ó¿¡¼µµ ±¹¹Îµé¿¡°Ô Èñ¸ÁÀ» ÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ »ç°í¹æ½ÄÀº ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ Àǽİú »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °üÁ¡À» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. 4. ŸÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶û°ú ¿¬¹Î: ·çÁƮ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ±¹¹ÎµéÀ» Áø½ÉÀ¸·Î »ç¶ûÇÏ°í ¾Æ³¢´Â ÁöµµÀÚ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â "New Deal" Á¤Ã¥À» ÅëÇØ »çȸ ¾àÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÑ Á¤Ã¥À» ½ÃÇàÇßÀ¸¸ç, Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü ÀÌÈÄ ±¹Á¦ ÆòÈ¿Í À뱂 ÁõÁø¿¡µµ ±â¿©Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇൿµéÀº ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ Àǽİú ŸÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶û°ú ¿¬¹ÎÀ» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¾çÇÑ °üÁ¡: ÀϺΠ»ç¶÷µéÀº ·çÁƮ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Àû °áÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºñÆÇÀûÀÎ ÀÔÀåÀ» ÃëÇϸç, ±×ÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ ¼öÄ¡°¡ 500 ÀÌÇÏÀÏ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇϱ⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ý¸é, ·çÁƮ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¾÷Àû°ú ¸®´õ½Ê¿¡ ³ôÀº °¡Ä¡¸¦ ºÎ¿©Çϸç, ±×ÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ ¼öÄ¡°¡ 600 ÀÌ»óÀÏ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °á·Ð: ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ·çÁƮ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ ¼öÄ¡´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ °üÁ¡¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£°Ô Æò°¡µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×ÀÇ »î°ú ¾÷ÀûÀ» Á¾ÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î °í·ÁÇÒ ¶§, ±×ÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ ¼öÄ¡´Â 500 ÀÌ»óÀ̾úÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù°í ÃßÃøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. [ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ] ======================================= Franklin D. Roosevelt [Born] Franklin Delano Roosevelt January 30, 1882 Hyde Park, New York, U.S. [Died] April 12, 1945 (aged 63) Warm Springs, Georgia, U.S. [Cause of death] Cerebral hemorrhage [Resting place] Home of FDR National Historic Site, Hyde Park, New York [Political party] Democratic [Spouse(s)] Eleanor Roosevelt (m. 1905) [Relations] Roosevelt family Delano family [Children] Anna Eleanor, James, Franklin, Elliott, Franklin Delano Jr., John Aspinwall [Parents] James Roosevelt I Sara Roosevelt [Alma mater] Harvard University (B.A.) Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), commonly known by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States. A Democrat, he was elected four times and served from March 1933 to his death in April 1945. He was a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic depression and total war. A dominant leader of the Democratic Party, he built a New Deal Coalition that realigned American politics after 1932, as his New Deal domestic policies defined American liberalism for the middle third of the 20th century. With the bouncy popular song "Happy Days Are Here Again" as his campaign theme, FDR defeated incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover in November 1932, at the depth of the Great Depression. Energized by his personal victory over polio, FDR's persistent optimism and activism contributed to a renewal of the national spirit. Assisted by key aide Harry Hopkins, he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and Japan in World War II. In his first hundred days in office, which began March 4, 1933, Roosevelt spearheaded major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal—a variety of programs designed to produce relief (government jobs for the unemployed), recovery (economic growth), and reform (through regulation of Wall Street, banks and transportation). The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937, but then relapsed into a deep recession. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his packing the Supreme Court. For the rest of his days in office it blocked all proposals for major liberal legislation (apart from a minimum wage law). It abolished many of the relief programs when unemployment practically vanished during the war. Most of the regulations on business continued in effect until they ended about 1975–1985, except for the regulation of Wall Street by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which still exists. Along with several smaller programs, major surviving programs include the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which was created in 1933, and Social Security, which Congress passed in 1935. As World War II loomed after 1938, with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany, FDR gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China and Great Britain, while remaining officially neutral. His goal was to make America the "Arsenal of Democracy" which would supply munitions to the Allies. In March 1941, Roosevelt, with Congressional approval, provided Lend-Lease aid to the countries fighting against Nazi Germany with the United Kingdom. With very strong national support, he made war on Japan and Germany after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, calling it a "date which will live in infamy". He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the Allied war effort. As an active military leader, Roosevelt implemented an overall war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world's first Nuclear bomb (commonly called the atom bomb at the time). In 1942 Roosevelt ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians. Unemployment dropped to 2%, relief programs largely ended, and the industrial economy grew rapidly to new heights as millions of people moved to new jobs in war centers, and 16 million men and 300,000 women were drafted or volunteered for military service. All economic sectors grew during the war. Farm output went from an index (by volume) of 106 in 1939 to 128 in 1943. Coal output went from 446 million tons in 1939 to 651 in 1943; oil from 1.3 billion barrels to 1.5 billion. Manufacturing output doubled, from an index of 109 in 1939 to 239 in 1943. Railroads strained to move it all to market, from an output of 13.6 billion loaded car miles in 1939 to 23.3 in 1943. Roosevelt dominated the American political scene during the twelve years of his presidency, and his policies and ideas continued to have significant impacts for decades afterward. He orchestrated the realignment of voters that created the Fifth Party System. FDR's New Deal Coalition united labor unions, big city machines, white ethnics, African Americans, and rural white Southerners. His work also influenced the later creation of the United Nations and Bretton Woods. Roosevelt is consistently rated by scholars as one of the top three U.S. Presidents, along with Abraham Lincoln and George Washington. (from naver.com wikipedia.org ³ª¹«À§Å° µî) [Map of Consciousness] Big, Battle, UN, Bretton woods, influence(+) ~ (PIG: time-variant) Positive Influence GRADE (PIG): B(MoC: Map of Consciousness) ÀÇ½Ä Áöµµ MoC(ÀÇ½Ä ¼öÁØ): 500+
|