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=======================================

Hangeul Day (Çѱ۳¯)

[Also called]
Hangeul Proclamation Day
Korean Alphabet Day

[Significance]
Commemorates the invention of hangeul

[Date] October 9 (South Korea)

The Korean Alphabet Day, known as Hangeul Day in South Korea,
(and Choson'gul Day in North Korea) is

a national Korean commemorative day marking the invention
and the proclamation of Hangul,
the alphabet of the Korean language,

by the 15th-century Korean monarch Sejong the Great.

It is observed on October 9 in South Korea and
(on January 15 in North Korea).



[Etymology]
In South Korea, the holiday is known as
Hangeul Proclamation Day, or Hangeul Day for short,
and is celebrated on October 9.

[History]
According to the Sejong Sillok (¼¼Á¾½Ç·Ï;á¦ðóãùÖà),
King Sejong proclaimed publication of
Hunmin Jeongeum (ÈƹÎÁ¤À½;ýºÚÅïáëå),

the document introducing the newly created alphabet
which was also originally called by the same name,
in the ninth month of the lunar calendar in 1446.

In 1926, the Hangeul Society celebrated the
octo-sexagesimal (480th) anniversary of the declaration
of hangeul on the last day of the ninth month of
the lunar calendar, which is on November 4 of
the Gregorian calendar.

Members of the Society declared it the first observance
of "Gagyanal" (°¡°¼³¯).

The name came from "Gagyageul" (°¡°¼±Û),
an early colloquial name for hangeul, based on a
mnemonic recitation beginning "gagya geogyeo" (°¡°¼°Å°Ü).

The name of the commemorative day was changed
to "Hangullal" in 1928, soon after the term "hangul",
coined originally in 1913 by Ju Si-gyeong,

became widely accepted as the new name for the alphabet.

The day was then celebrated according to the lunar calendar.



In 1931, the celebration of the day was switched
to October 29 of the Gregorian calendar.

In 1934 arose the claim that they must assume that
the Julian calendar was used in 1446,
so the date was again changed to October 28.

The discovery in 1940 of an original copy of
the Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye,

a volume of commentary to the Hunmin Jeongeum
that appeared not long after the document it commented upon,

revealed that the Hunmin Jeongeum was announced
during the first ten days (sangsun; »ó¼ø; ß¾ââ)
of the ninth month.

The tenth day of the ninth month of 1446
of the lunar calendar in 1446 was equivalent
to October 9 of the Julian calendar.

After the South Korean government was established in 1945,
Hangeul Day was declared as a legal holiday
to be marked on October 9,
on which governmental workers are excused from work.



Its legal status as a holiday was removed
in 1991 because of pressure from major employers
to increase the number of working days,

along with the introduction of
the Korean United Nations Day.

However, Hangeul Day still retains a legal status
as a national commemoration day.

The Hangeul Society has campaigned to
restore the holiday's former status,

but with little impact until November 1,
2012 when supporters won their biggest victory yet
as the National Assembly voted 189 to 4 (4 abstained)

in favor of a resolution calling for
the restoration of Hangeul Day.

This put pressure on the Lee Myung Bak administration
to make Hangeul Day a public holiday.

This change has been applied,
making Hangeul Day a national holiday starting in 2013.



=======================================

Hangul (or hangeul), the Korean alphabet,
is the native alphabet of the Korean language.

It is a separate script from Hanja,
the logographic Chinese characters which are also
sometimes used to write Korean.

It was created in the mid-15th century,
and is now the official script of both North Korea
and South Korea and is co-official

in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of
Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.

Hangul is a true alphabet of
24 consonant and vowel letters. However,

instead of being written sequentially like the letters
of the Latin alphabet,

Hangul letters are grouped into blocks,
such as ÇÑ han; each of these blocks transcribes a syllable.

That is, although ÇÑ may look like a single character,
it is composed of three distinct letters:

¤¾ h, ¤¿ a, and ¤¤ n.

Each Hangul block consists of two to five letters,
including at least one consonant and one vowel.

These blocks are then arranged either horizontally
from left to right or vertically from top to bottom.

------------------------------------

In Search of a Universal Phonetic Alphabet
-Theory and Application of an Organic Visible Speech-

Phonetic symbols have an indispensable role to play
in phonetics, linguistics,language teaching,

speech pathology and speech sciences in general.

And linguists and phoneticians in the east and west
have made attempts to devise appropriate
phoneticalphabets at one time or another in human history.

The most successful and popular phonetic alphabet
today is no doubt the International Phonetic Alphabet,

which beingbased mainly on Latin and Greek letters,
consists of unsystematic mass of arbitrary symbols.

Hunmin Jeongeum, the original version of
the Korean alphabet is a highly sophisticated system

consisting of sets of interrelated organic
phonetic symbols, each set representing either
the shape of the organs of speech or their articulatory
movements.

The Korean alphabet is,
in a true sense of the word,

a set of phonetic symbols designed to represent
the visible speech sounds of human beings.

In an attempt to devise an ideal and
universal organic phonetic alphabet the author

has applied extensively the organic principle
that was exploited by King Sejong of Korea in 1446

in creating Hunmin Jeongeum.

The International Korean Phonetic Alphabet
(IKPA for short) is a system of phonetic symbols

that is just as systematic, scientific, easy to learn
and memorize as the Korean alphabet.

The IKPA symbols visualize or mirror
the actual speech organs or their action and

thus tell us exactly what sort of an articulatory action
is involved in producing speech sounds.

It is in this sense that the IKPA is called
"A Universal Visible Speech".

by Hyun Bok Lee, CBE. Ph.D.
Professor Emeritus of
Phonetics and Linguistics
Seoul National University


------------------------------
...

For example, each Chinese character has a meaning,
so people have to memorize all of them,

but the Korean alphabet is made of phonetic letters
just like English.

Anyone can learn Hangul in a day,
that is why it is called 'morning letter'.

It is easy to learn because it can be put together
with 10 vowels and 14 consonants.

Hangul has 8,000 different kinds of sound
and it is possible to write each sound.

Because Japanese letters imitate Chinese characters,
they cannot be used without Chinese characters.

Chinese is too difficult to learn,
therefore the illiteracy rate is very high.

Latin was used as an official language
of the Roman Catholic church.

It has been used as a custom or religious authority
for people who in Western societies,
Latin is disappearing.

Hangul was invented 500 years ago.

but it has only been used for 100 years by all Koreans.

Now it is standing in the world proudly with its value.

Korean has been chosen as a foreign language in
some universities in the United States and
Australia. ...

---------------------------------



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